The lime kiln at the Arauco Constitución mill experienced severe ringing problems requiring it to be shut down for ring removal every 3 to 6 months. The mill controlled the problems by blasting ring deposits off during operation with its existing industrial shotgun and a newly installed Cardox liquid carbon dioxide (CO2) cartridge system. Various ring blasting procedures were tested to determine the optimum ring location and thickness to blast; the optimum depth to insert the CO2 cartridge into the kiln; and the most effective blasting frequency and sequence to employ. The best strategy was found to be the weekly blasting operation that alternated between the liquid CO2 cartridge and the industrial shotgun, with the CO2 cartridge inserted into the ring mass, 20 cm (8 in.) away from the refractory brick surface, and the shotgun aimed at rings at about 28 m (92 ft) from the kiln discharge end. With each blasting event removing considerably more rings than before, it takes a longer time for rings to rebuild, allowing the kiln to run continuously between annual maintenance shutdowns with only a few short (< 4 h) downtimes for ring removal. This substantially reduces the costs associated with ring removal and lime replacement during unscheduled shutdowns.
{"title":"Combatting lime kiln ringing problems at the Arauco Constitución mill","authors":"Eduardo Keim, Jorge Zúñiga, H. Tran","doi":"10.32964/tj19.7.345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32964/tj19.7.345","url":null,"abstract":"The lime kiln at the Arauco Constitución mill experienced severe ringing problems requiring it to be shut down for ring removal every 3 to 6 months. The mill controlled the problems by blasting ring deposits off during operation with its existing industrial shotgun and a newly installed Cardox liquid carbon dioxide (CO2) cartridge system. Various ring blasting procedures were tested to determine the optimum ring location and thickness to blast; the optimum depth to insert the CO2 cartridge into the kiln; and the most effective blasting frequency and sequence to employ. \u0000The best strategy was found to be the weekly blasting operation that alternated between the liquid CO2 cartridge and the industrial shotgun, with the CO2 cartridge inserted into the ring mass, 20 cm (8 in.) away from the refractory brick surface, and the shotgun aimed at rings at about 28 m (92 ft) from the kiln discharge end. With each blasting event removing considerably more rings than before, it takes a longer time for rings to rebuild, allowing the kiln to run continuously between annual maintenance shutdowns with only a few short (< 4 h) downtimes for ring removal. This substantially reduces the costs associated with ring removal and lime replacement during unscheduled shutdowns.","PeriodicalId":292935,"journal":{"name":"JULY 2020","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130950017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Equilibrium moisture is a limiting factor in achieving high solids in the later stages of pressing or pressing low basis weight grades. We have developed a model that relates equilibrium moisture directly to the pore size distribution of fibers as measured by the solute exclusion technique. The model shows that chemical pulping and refining increase equilibrium moisture by increasing pore volume at given pore sizes in fibers, which leads to lower pressed solids and greater energy expenditure in the dryer section. Means to increase equilibrium moisture without compromising pulp strength are briefly discussed.
{"title":"Equilibrium moisture content in wet pressing of paper","authors":"R. Kerekes, David McDonald","doi":"10.32964/tj19.7.333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32964/tj19.7.333","url":null,"abstract":"Equilibrium moisture is a limiting factor in achieving high solids in the later stages of pressing or pressing low basis weight grades. We have developed a model that relates equilibrium moisture directly to the pore size distribution of fibers as measured by the solute exclusion technique. The model shows that chemical pulping and refining increase equilibrium moisture by increasing pore volume at given pore sizes in fibers, which leads to lower pressed solids and greater energy expenditure in the dryer section. Means to increase equilibrium moisture without compromising pulp strength are briefly discussed.","PeriodicalId":292935,"journal":{"name":"JULY 2020","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115157440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of wet pressing is to remove water by mechanical means to consolidate the web and minimize the energy expended in the dryer section. In this process, paper is compacted and densified to degrees that impact end-use performance. Average density is increased by pressing, which has implications for grades where stiffness is important. The z-direction density gradients can affect printing and converting. Lastly, pressing affects surface quality of paper and its response to printing. Broadly speaking, the final press nip dominates the paper surface roughness and the early press nips affect printing performance.
{"title":"Wet pressing and product quality: Review of previous pilot machine trials","authors":"J. D. Mcdonald","doi":"10.32964/tj19.7.369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32964/tj19.7.369","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of wet pressing is to remove water by mechanical means to consolidate the web and minimize the energy expended in the dryer section. In this process, paper is compacted and densified to degrees that impact end-use performance. Average density is increased by pressing, which has implications for grades where stiffness is important. The z-direction density gradients can affect printing and converting. Lastly, pressing affects surface quality of paper and its response to printing. Broadly speaking, the final press nip dominates the paper surface roughness and the early press nips affect printing performance.","PeriodicalId":292935,"journal":{"name":"JULY 2020","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127595725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-20DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.20.14.07.p1828
C. S. Soares, A. D. Lima, Jeneilson Alves da Silva, Marina Suênia de Araújo Vilar, A. A. R. D. Silva, J. A. L. Júnior, J. B. Neto
Hydroponics has drawn huge interests by Brazilians in semi-arid regions due to the lack of water and fertilizer use. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth and yield of lettuce cultivars in the hydroponic system in two planting seasons and different irrigation regimes. The research was carried out in Campus II / UEPB and followed a 2 x 6 x 3 factorial scheme in randomized blocks, represented by two planting seasons (the summer and the winter), six lettuce cultivars (Elba, Great Lakes, Mimosa Rose, Simpson, American, Cristina), three irrigation regimes (15 min, 30 min, 45 min) and five replications. The hydroponic system used was the NFT. For nutrition, Hidrogood Fert® solution (Compound + Calcium + Iron) was applied. At the 40th day after sowing, green and dry leaf biomass, green stem biomass, leaf area, leaf area index and productivity were analyzed. After that, the variance analysis was performed by the F-test for 5% of probability and the Scott-Knott test for comparison of the averages. The high temperatures caused very small growth in the stem of the Simpson cultivars, independent of the irrigation regime used. Besides the highlight of the American cultivars, the other cultivars presented satisfactory performance in the climatic conditions of Lagoa Seca / PB.
{"title":"Production of lettuce in NFT hydroponic system at different planting seasons and irrigation regimes","authors":"C. S. Soares, A. D. Lima, Jeneilson Alves da Silva, Marina Suênia de Araújo Vilar, A. A. R. D. Silva, J. A. L. Júnior, J. B. Neto","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.20.14.07.p1828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.20.14.07.p1828","url":null,"abstract":"Hydroponics has drawn huge interests by Brazilians in semi-arid regions due to the lack of water and fertilizer use. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth and yield of lettuce cultivars in the hydroponic system in two planting seasons and different irrigation regimes. The research was carried out in Campus II / UEPB and followed a 2 x 6 x 3 factorial scheme in randomized blocks, represented by two planting seasons (the summer and the winter), six lettuce cultivars (Elba, Great Lakes, Mimosa Rose, Simpson, American, Cristina), three irrigation regimes (15 min, 30 min, 45 min) and five replications. The hydroponic system used was the NFT. For nutrition, Hidrogood Fert® solution (Compound + Calcium + Iron) was applied. At the 40th day after sowing, green and dry leaf biomass, green stem biomass, leaf area, leaf area index and productivity were analyzed. After that, the variance analysis was performed by the F-test for 5% of probability and the Scott-Knott test for comparison of the averages. The high temperatures caused very small growth in the stem of the Simpson cultivars, independent of the irrigation regime used. Besides the highlight of the American cultivars, the other cultivars presented satisfactory performance in the climatic conditions of Lagoa Seca / PB.","PeriodicalId":292935,"journal":{"name":"JULY 2020","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125652720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-20DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.20.14.07.p2366
A. Yablokov, O. A. Bogoslovskaya, I. P. Olkhovskaya, N. N. Glushchenko
This paper presents data on the pre-sowing treatment of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) seeds by polymer coating with metal nanoparticles (NPs) affecting on seed germination and morphometric parameters of seedlings. Metal NPs [Fe (56.0 ± 0.9 nm, phase composition: Fe0 -27.9 ± 2.1%, Fe3O4 - 72.1 ± 3.6%); Zn (60.6 ± 3.7 nm, phase composition: Zn0 - 100%); Cu (65.0 ± 1.2 nm, phase composition: Cu0 - 100%)] were incorporated into a polymer coating about 10 microns thick, consisting of Na-carboxymethyl cellulose (Na-CMC) and polyethylene glycol-400 (PEG-400), with a dye rhodamine 6G (Rh6G). We developed and studied polymer compositions as with individual NPs in concentrations 10-4% - 10-10% and their combinations. To compare effects of NPs with metal ions, we tested polymer film coating with metal sulfates in equivalent amounts. Pre-sowing treatment of barley seeds with metal NPs or metal ions in the polymer coating affected germination, fresh green and root mass (FM and RM) of seedlings. Film thickness was less than 10% of the caryopsis shell. The surface of seeds treated with the polymer composition was uniform. The defects and irregularities were smoothed. There were no significant differences in the endosperm structure on sections of the treated and control samples. Iron, zinc and copper NPs composition at 10-8%, 10-4% and 10-8% concentrations were the best in laboratory experiments. In the field trials, it stimulated barley crop yields and decreased the moisture content of the bunker grain compared with the control.
{"title":"Application of metal nanoparticles for pre-sowing treatment of spring barley seeds","authors":"A. Yablokov, O. A. Bogoslovskaya, I. P. Olkhovskaya, N. N. Glushchenko","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.20.14.07.p2366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.20.14.07.p2366","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents data on the pre-sowing treatment of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) seeds by polymer coating with metal nanoparticles (NPs) affecting on seed germination and morphometric parameters of seedlings. Metal NPs [Fe (56.0 ± 0.9 nm, phase composition: Fe0 -27.9 ± 2.1%, Fe3O4 - 72.1 ± 3.6%); Zn (60.6 ± 3.7 nm, phase composition: Zn0 - 100%); Cu (65.0 ± 1.2 nm, phase composition: Cu0 - 100%)] were incorporated into a polymer coating about 10 microns thick, consisting of Na-carboxymethyl cellulose (Na-CMC) and polyethylene glycol-400 (PEG-400), with a dye rhodamine 6G (Rh6G). We developed and studied polymer compositions as with individual NPs in concentrations 10-4% - 10-10% and their combinations. To compare effects of NPs with metal ions, we tested polymer film coating with metal sulfates in equivalent amounts. Pre-sowing treatment of barley seeds with metal NPs or metal ions in the polymer coating affected germination, fresh green and root mass (FM and RM) of seedlings. Film thickness was less than 10% of the caryopsis shell. The surface of seeds treated with the polymer composition was uniform. The defects and irregularities were smoothed. There were no significant differences in the endosperm structure on sections of the treated and control samples. Iron, zinc and copper NPs composition at 10-8%, 10-4% and 10-8% concentrations were the best in laboratory experiments. In the field trials, it stimulated barley crop yields and decreased the moisture content of the bunker grain compared with the control.","PeriodicalId":292935,"journal":{"name":"JULY 2020","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127819821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-20DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.20.14.07.p1924
S. Tigist, R. Melis, J. Sibiya, Beyene A. Amelework, G. Keneni
This study was conducted to identify suitable parental genotypes for breeding for resistance to bruchid and to identify the farmers’ preferred traits in common bean. For this study, 144 diverse common bean genotypes were planted in an alpha lattice design, with 3 replications at 3 locations. Participatory variety selection was done using 20 farmers at each location. Farmers identified a number of criteria for selecting suitable varieties. Yield and yield-related traits were ranked as the most important selection criteria by all farmers at all locations. However, women ranked culinary traits as the top criteria, while men were more interested in marketable traits. From the 144 genotypes, farmers selected the 10 best genotypes in all the locations. The majority of the genotypes selected at Melkassa and Alemetena were small white-seeded released varieties and breeding lines. However, all the genotypes selected at Arsi Negele were predominantly landraces of small red-seeded beans. Traits such as earliness and resistance to storage insect were important in Melkassa and Alme tena but received less attention in Arsi Negele. The integration of the farmers’ selection preferences with the breeders’ criteria can improve the efficiency of plant breeding by developing crop varieties that better fit the specific needs of the farmers.
{"title":"Participatory variety selection of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes in the major bean producing areas of Ethiopia","authors":"S. Tigist, R. Melis, J. Sibiya, Beyene A. Amelework, G. Keneni","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.20.14.07.p1924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.20.14.07.p1924","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to identify suitable parental genotypes for breeding for resistance to bruchid and to identify the farmers’ preferred traits in common bean. For this study, 144 diverse common bean genotypes were planted in an alpha lattice design, with 3 replications at 3 locations. Participatory variety selection was done using 20 farmers at each location. Farmers identified a number of criteria for selecting suitable varieties. Yield and yield-related traits were ranked as the most important selection criteria by all farmers at all locations. However, women ranked culinary traits as the top criteria, while men were more interested in marketable traits. From the 144 genotypes, farmers selected the 10 best genotypes in all the locations. The majority of the genotypes selected at Melkassa and Alemetena were small white-seeded released varieties and breeding lines. However, all the genotypes selected at Arsi Negele were predominantly landraces of small red-seeded beans. Traits such as earliness and resistance to storage insect were important in Melkassa and Alme tena but received less attention in Arsi Negele. The integration of the farmers’ selection preferences with the breeders’ criteria can improve the efficiency of plant breeding by developing crop varieties that better fit the specific needs of the farmers.","PeriodicalId":292935,"journal":{"name":"JULY 2020","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134130863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-20DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.20.14.07.p2218
M. Abubakar, M. Norida, M. Rafii, J. Nakasha
During the postharvest management of fruits and vegetables, the losses range from 10 to 30% of the entire production. This is due to numerous causes, but the most important reason is infestation by fungi. Many synthetic fungicides are employed for postharvest treatment of fruit and vegetables throughout the world. However, fungicidal residues often represent a significant threat to human health. The current study examined the use of hot water treatments on rock melon fruit. Hot water treatments at 55℃ was arranged into four treatments of different dipping periods of 0 minutes (control), 1 minute, 2 minutes, and 3 minutes. The postharvest hot water treatments on rock melon fruit were found to increase the shelf life up to 21 days by minimizing the weight loss, maintaining firmness, preventing the damage of sucrose, retaining the rind size, maintaining the fruit appearance, and reducing fungal infection. The one-minute dip was more effective than other treatments. The treatment successfully extends the shelf life of rock melon fruit quality for the market until three weeks of storage at 21 ± 1 ℃ compared with the control, which was only stored for one week. The results showed the importance of hot water treatments as an alternative to fungicides or chemical treatments, which have a high risk to the health of consumers. Hot water treatment is economical and easier to access than the chemical treatments.
{"title":"Effects of post-harvest hot water treatments on the fungi contamination, physiology and quality of rock melon fruit","authors":"M. Abubakar, M. Norida, M. Rafii, J. Nakasha","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.20.14.07.p2218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.20.14.07.p2218","url":null,"abstract":"During the postharvest management of fruits and vegetables, the losses range from 10 to 30% of the entire production. This is due to numerous causes, but the most important reason is infestation by fungi. Many synthetic fungicides are employed for postharvest treatment of fruit and vegetables throughout the world. However, fungicidal residues often represent a significant threat to human health. The current study examined the use of hot water treatments on rock melon fruit. Hot water treatments at 55℃ was arranged into four treatments of different dipping periods of 0 minutes (control), 1 minute, 2 minutes, and 3 minutes. The postharvest hot water treatments on rock melon fruit were found to increase the shelf life up to 21 days by minimizing the weight loss, maintaining firmness, preventing the damage of sucrose, retaining the rind size, maintaining the fruit appearance, and reducing fungal infection. The one-minute dip was more effective than other treatments. The treatment successfully extends the shelf life of rock melon fruit quality for the market until three weeks of storage at 21 ± 1 ℃ compared with the control, which was only stored for one week. The results showed the importance of hot water treatments as an alternative to fungicides or chemical treatments, which have a high risk to the health of consumers. Hot water treatment is economical and easier to access than the chemical treatments.","PeriodicalId":292935,"journal":{"name":"JULY 2020","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115533635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-20DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.20.14.07.p2470
J. Moreira, M. Tavares, F. G. D. Araújo, I. D. Menezes
Heterodera glycines, also known as Soybean Cyst Nematode (SCN), is one of the phytosanitary issues that prevents high soybean yields (Glycine max) due to its dissemination capacity and high physiological race variability. The first step towards the proper and safe use of resistant cultivars lies on correctly identifying the physiological race of this nematode in the crop in order to avoid new breed-selection pressure. Thus, the aim of the present study was to genetically characterize the races of Heterodera glycines populations from soybean-producer counties belonging to the Railroad (Estrada de Ferro) Region (Goiás State, Brazil), as well as to investigate their molecular characterization based on RAPD markers. RAPD data were evaluated in a binary way, in which values (1) and (0) were attributed to the presence and absence of amplified bands for each primer, respectively. The binary matrix was used to estimate the genetic distance between populations, based on the Jaccard dissimilarity index. The clustering analysis was carried out based on the calculated genetic dissimilarity matrix, according to Ward’s method. Eight (8) different physiological Heterodera glycines races were found in the investigated counties. Only 10 out of 28 RAPD primers were polymorphic among SCN populations, whereas the remaining primers either did not amplify, or presented low amplification of the DNA fragment. Five genetically-different groups were recorded among H. glycines population accessions, which presented high genetic variability rate.
甘氨酸异源线虫(Heterodera Glycine)，又称大豆囊线虫(Soybean囊肿Nematode, SCN)，由于其传播能力和高生理种族变异性，是影响大豆高产(Glycine max)的植物检疫问题之一。正确和安全使用抗性品种的第一步在于正确识别作物中这种线虫的生理小种，以避免新品种选择的压力。因此，本研究的目的是对来自Railroad (Estrada de Ferro)地区(Goiás State, Brazil)大豆生产县的Heterodera glycines种群进行遗传表征，并基于RAPD标记研究其分子特征。RAPD数据以二元方式评估，其中值(1)和(0)分别归属于每个引物存在和不存在扩增带。基于Jaccard不相似指数，采用二值矩阵估计群体间的遗传距离。根据Ward的方法，根据计算的遗传不相似矩阵进行聚类分析。在调查县共发现8个不同的生理甘氨酸异源线虫小种。28个RAPD引物中只有10个在SCN群体中具有多态性，而其余引物要么不扩增，要么呈现低DNA片段扩增。在甘氨酸种群资料中记录到5个遗传差异群体，遗传变异率较高。
{"title":"Genetic diversity of Soybean Cyst Nematode (Heterodera glycines) populations in Southeastern Goiás state, Brasil","authors":"J. Moreira, M. Tavares, F. G. D. Araújo, I. D. Menezes","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.20.14.07.p2470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.20.14.07.p2470","url":null,"abstract":"Heterodera glycines, also known as Soybean Cyst Nematode (SCN), is one of the phytosanitary issues that prevents high soybean yields (Glycine max) due to its dissemination capacity and high physiological race variability. The first step towards the proper and safe use of resistant cultivars lies on correctly identifying the physiological race of this nematode in the crop in order to avoid new breed-selection pressure. Thus, the aim of the present study was to genetically characterize the races of Heterodera glycines populations from soybean-producer counties belonging to the Railroad (Estrada de Ferro) Region (Goiás State, Brazil), as well as to investigate their molecular characterization based on RAPD markers. RAPD data were evaluated in a binary way, in which values (1) and (0) were attributed to the presence and absence of amplified bands for each primer, respectively. The binary matrix was used to estimate the genetic distance between populations, based on the Jaccard dissimilarity index. The clustering analysis was carried out based on the calculated genetic dissimilarity matrix, according to Ward’s method. Eight (8) different physiological Heterodera glycines races were found in the investigated counties. Only 10 out of 28 RAPD primers were polymorphic among SCN populations, whereas the remaining primers either did not amplify, or presented low amplification of the DNA fragment. Five genetically-different groups were recorded among H. glycines population accessions, which presented high genetic variability rate.","PeriodicalId":292935,"journal":{"name":"JULY 2020","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128988460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-20DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.20.14.07.p2452
Rutairat Phothi, C. Theerakarunwong
Engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) are reported as potentially response to rice physiological and production. The research aimed to investigate the effects of suspended nano-titanium dioxide (sn-TiO2), which is non-toxic to ecology and on the physiology and yield of Thai rice. Selected rice cultivars of RD41 were soaked and sprayed with three difference concentrations of sn-TiO2 (T0.01, T0.02, T0.03 and C) through growing period. Tiller number per plants, stem height and leaf chlorophyll of rice RD41 cultivars were analyzed at tillering (40 days), flowering (70 days), and final harvesting (100 days), whereas the biomass and yield were evaluated at final harvesting (100 days). The results showed the concentration of T0.03 had highest effects on rice RD41 for all studies, which showed non-significance of differences at p <0.05 compared to T0.02. Application of T0.01, T0.02 and T0.03 treatments increased total biomass 33.69, 42.66 and 47.91 g plant -1, respectively, compared to control (30.49). Application of T0.02 enhanced the plant growth and caused increases in the yield of rice, which impacted food availability. According to the results obtained, the function of sn-TiO2 played a positive role in many aspects. For instance, sn-TiO2 could increase light harvesting to activate the photosynthesis rate of rice RD41. Besides, nitrogen metabolism was improved by sn-TiO2 and stimulated protein and pigments content. Moreover, our observed decreasing in injury indices compared to the control group, which caused improvement in cell enlargement, cell elongation and plant growth. Atomic absorption spectrometric result ensured that there is no unforeseen Ti contamination in all part of rice. These findings are important supplementary factors to the application of sn-TiO2 for the crop yield and quality with a proper concentration for their benefits potential.
据报道，工程纳米颗粒(ENPs)对水稻生理和生产具有潜在的响应作用。本研究旨在研究对生态无害的悬浮纳米二氧化钛(sn-TiO2)对泰国水稻生理和产量的影响。选用RD41水稻品种，在整个生育期分别浸泡和喷洒3种不同浓度的sn-TiO2 (T0.01、T0.02、T0.03和C)。在分蘖期(40 d)、开花期(70 d)和终采期(100 d)对RD41品种的单株分蘖数、茎高和叶片叶绿素进行了分析，并对终采期(100 d)的生物量和产量进行了评价。结果表明，T0.03浓度对水稻RD41的影响最大，但与T0.02浓度相比差异无统计学意义(p <0.05)。T0.01、T0.02和T0.03处理较对照(30.49)分别增加了总生物量33.69、42.66和47.91 g -1。T0.02的施用促进了植株生长，提高了水稻产量，影响了粮食有效性。根据得到的结果，sn-TiO2的功能在很多方面都起到了积极的作用。例如，sn-TiO2可以增加光收获，激活水稻RD41的光合速率。此外，sn-TiO2促进了氮代谢，刺激了蛋白质和色素含量。此外，与对照组相比，我们观察到损伤指标降低，这导致细胞增大，细胞伸长和植株生长改善。原子吸收光谱分析结果保证了大米各部分均无意外的钛污染。这些发现为sn-TiO2在作物产量和品质方面的应用提供了重要的补充因素，适当的浓度可以发挥其效益潜力。
{"title":"Enhancement of rice (Oryza sativa L.) physiological and yield by application of nano-titanium dioxide","authors":"Rutairat Phothi, C. Theerakarunwong","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.20.14.07.p2452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.20.14.07.p2452","url":null,"abstract":"Engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) are reported as potentially response to rice physiological and production. The research aimed to investigate the effects of suspended nano-titanium dioxide (sn-TiO2), which is non-toxic to ecology and on the physiology and yield of Thai rice. Selected rice cultivars of RD41 were soaked and sprayed with three difference concentrations of sn-TiO2 (T0.01, T0.02, T0.03 and C) through growing period. Tiller number per plants, stem height and leaf chlorophyll of rice RD41 cultivars were analyzed at tillering (40 days), flowering (70 days), and final harvesting (100 days), whereas the biomass and yield were evaluated at final harvesting (100 days). The results showed the concentration of T0.03 had highest effects on rice RD41 for all studies, which showed non-significance of differences at p <0.05 compared to T0.02. Application of T0.01, T0.02 and T0.03 treatments increased total biomass 33.69, 42.66 and 47.91 g plant -1, respectively, compared to control (30.49). Application of T0.02 enhanced the plant growth and caused increases in the yield of rice, which impacted food availability. According to the results obtained, the function of sn-TiO2 played a positive role in many aspects. For instance, sn-TiO2 could increase light harvesting to activate the photosynthesis rate of rice RD41. Besides, nitrogen metabolism was improved by sn-TiO2 and stimulated protein and pigments content. Moreover, our observed decreasing in injury indices compared to the control group, which caused improvement in cell enlargement, cell elongation and plant growth. Atomic absorption spectrometric result ensured that there is no unforeseen Ti contamination in all part of rice. These findings are important supplementary factors to the application of sn-TiO2 for the crop yield and quality with a proper concentration for their benefits potential.","PeriodicalId":292935,"journal":{"name":"JULY 2020","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124411608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-20DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.20.14.07.p2235
Muhammed Alsamir, Esraa Al Samir, T. A. Kareem, M. Abass, R. Trethowan
Fusarium pseudograminearum and Fusarium graminearum commonly cause crown rot (FCR) and head blight (FHB) in wheat, respectively. Disease infection and spread can be reduced by the deployment of resistant cultivars or through management practices that limit inoculum load. Plants deficient in micronutrients, including zinc, tend to be more susceptible to many diseases. On the other hands, and zinc deficiency in cereals is widespread in Australian soils. Zinc deficiency may have particular relevance to crown rot, the most important and damaging Fusarium disease of wheat and barley in Australia. Four wheat genotypes; Batavia, Sunco and two lines from the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) were tested for response to FHB and FCR under differing levels of Zn,1 and 2 g/kg and its correlation with disease severity. Sunco and CIMMYT line 146 were previously rated resistant to crown rot and Zn efficient. Zn application 2 g/kg soil enhanced resistance to FCR of the disease susceptible and Zn in-efficient in Batavia and 48 as its recorded 0.75 and 0.5 respectively compared to Sunco and CIMMYT line 146 as it recorded 0.2 and 0.3 respectively, but did not increase resistance to FHB. However, Zn application did enhance the resistance of Zn efficient genotypes to FHB. Results suggest that higher levels of Zn fertilization could reduce the expression of Fusarium diseases in wheat.
{"title":"The application of zinc fertilizer reduces Fusarium infection and development in wheat","authors":"Muhammed Alsamir, Esraa Al Samir, T. A. Kareem, M. Abass, R. Trethowan","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.20.14.07.p2235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.20.14.07.p2235","url":null,"abstract":"Fusarium pseudograminearum and Fusarium graminearum commonly cause crown rot (FCR) and head blight (FHB) in wheat, respectively. Disease infection and spread can be reduced by the deployment of resistant cultivars or through management practices that limit inoculum load. Plants deficient in micronutrients, including zinc, tend to be more susceptible to many diseases. On the other hands, and zinc deficiency in cereals is widespread in Australian soils. Zinc deficiency may have particular relevance to crown rot, the most important and damaging Fusarium disease of wheat and barley in Australia. Four wheat genotypes; Batavia, Sunco and two lines from the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) were tested for response to FHB and FCR under differing levels of Zn,1 and 2 g/kg and its correlation with disease severity. Sunco and CIMMYT line 146 were previously rated resistant to crown rot and Zn efficient. Zn application 2 g/kg soil enhanced resistance to FCR of the disease susceptible and Zn in-efficient in Batavia and 48 as its recorded 0.75 and 0.5 respectively compared to Sunco and CIMMYT line 146 as it recorded 0.2 and 0.3 respectively, but did not increase resistance to FHB. However, Zn application did enhance the resistance of Zn efficient genotypes to FHB. Results suggest that higher levels of Zn fertilization could reduce the expression of Fusarium diseases in wheat.","PeriodicalId":292935,"journal":{"name":"JULY 2020","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131792148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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