LACATRE is a graphical language intended to help in design for applications requiring multitasking real time executives. Within the software life cycle, it is used for both preliminary and detailed design. The paper presents new high level objects destined to facilitate the link between commonly used methods for specification and design and the detailed design using multitasking executives. The paper describes ideas concerning the use of such a tool in the frame of education, and industry in the case of medium size applications where developers have a lack of tools.<>
{"title":"Real time multitasking design with a graphical tool","authors":"J. Schwarz, J. Skubich, P. Szwed, M. Maranzana","doi":"10.1109/RTA.1993.263125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RTA.1993.263125","url":null,"abstract":"LACATRE is a graphical language intended to help in design for applications requiring multitasking real time executives. Within the software life cycle, it is used for both preliminary and detailed design. The paper presents new high level objects destined to facilitate the link between commonly used methods for specification and design and the detailed design using multitasking executives. The paper describes ideas concerning the use of such a tool in the frame of education, and industry in the case of medium size applications where developers have a lack of tools.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":293622,"journal":{"name":"[1993] Proceedings of the IEEE Workshop on Real-Time Applications","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125648038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The development of large scale, real-time military systems requires the tracing of requirements as mandated by DOD-STD-2167A. In order to comply with this requirement it is necessary to use an automated traceability tool. The paper examines the process and criteria for evaluating traceability tools for use with real-time system developments.<>
{"title":"A look at the current automated capabilities of traceability","authors":"M. Edwards, D. Bergstein","doi":"10.1109/RTA.1993.263086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RTA.1993.263086","url":null,"abstract":"The development of large scale, real-time military systems requires the tracing of requirements as mandated by DOD-STD-2167A. In order to comply with this requirement it is necessary to use an automated traceability tool. The paper examines the process and criteria for evaluating traceability tools for use with real-time system developments.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":293622,"journal":{"name":"[1993] Proceedings of the IEEE Workshop on Real-Time Applications","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130420867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One needs to develop (for application) usable models to design dynamic reconfigurable distributed hardware and software systems, supporting permanently available computer resources and hard real-time constraints. In order to develop such a model one needs to look at the development process of an actual application. The specific application exhibiting all the above requirements is a micro satellite based communications network integrated with its ground control network. Limited availability of resources and real-time response is inherent in the system. The architectural abstraction used across the system is that of real-time associative memory (RTAM).<>
{"title":"Towards hard real-time system engineering","authors":"S. Mostert","doi":"10.1109/RTA.1993.263085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RTA.1993.263085","url":null,"abstract":"One needs to develop (for application) usable models to design dynamic reconfigurable distributed hardware and software systems, supporting permanently available computer resources and hard real-time constraints. In order to develop such a model one needs to look at the development process of an actual application. The specific application exhibiting all the above requirements is a micro satellite based communications network integrated with its ground control network. Limited availability of resources and real-time response is inherent in the system. The architectural abstraction used across the system is that of real-time associative memory (RTAM).<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":293622,"journal":{"name":"[1993] Proceedings of the IEEE Workshop on Real-Time Applications","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115270065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The fault tolerant architecture VOTRICS focuses on the use of n-modular active replication of hardware. Hardware and link failures are detected by voting mechanisms realized in software. The use of active replication and the mechanisms for activities such as fault management, recovery, or keeping correct replicas synchronized (even in the presence of faults) have influences on the chosen system model and the timing behaviour of the system. The authors address these points and their implications on the underlying real-time execution scheme of VOTRICS. VOTRICS is a highly flexible message passing architecture for hardware fault tolerance. It covers different degrees of redundancy for improving the reliability, safety and availability of various applications. Typical applications are railway signalling systems or telecommunication systems.<>
{"title":"Implications of fault management and replica determinism on the real-time execution scheme of VOTRICS","authors":"B. Appel, H. Kantz, C. Koza","doi":"10.1109/RTA.1993.263119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RTA.1993.263119","url":null,"abstract":"The fault tolerant architecture VOTRICS focuses on the use of n-modular active replication of hardware. Hardware and link failures are detected by voting mechanisms realized in software. The use of active replication and the mechanisms for activities such as fault management, recovery, or keeping correct replicas synchronized (even in the presence of faults) have influences on the chosen system model and the timing behaviour of the system. The authors address these points and their implications on the underlying real-time execution scheme of VOTRICS. VOTRICS is a highly flexible message passing architecture for hardware fault tolerance. It covers different degrees of redundancy for improving the reliability, safety and availability of various applications. Typical applications are railway signalling systems or telecommunication systems.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":293622,"journal":{"name":"[1993] Proceedings of the IEEE Workshop on Real-Time Applications","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121226480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Current trends indicate that future C3 (command, control, and communications) systems will likely contain suites of heterogeneous computing facilities composed of both parallel and sequential computing components. Also, 'commercial-off-the-shelf' components are being heavily considered for use in these future systems. In the context of these trends, brief overviews of related work within the areas of parallel processing and real-time computing are given and areas of future research are outlined. A central theme throughout the paper is that in order to make effective use of future C3 platforms, a significant amount of 'cross fertilization' between researchers in the parallel processing and real-time computing communities will be required. As an example of the need for combined expertise in both areas, the problem of how to effectively allocate real-time tasks onto the processing elements of a hypercube architecture is discussed. Other research issues, including the question of how to cope with the degree of nondeterminism present in many commercial parallel processing systems, are also discussed.<>
{"title":"Research issues for executing real-time C3 applications on parallel processing systems","authors":"R. C. Metzger, J. Antonio","doi":"10.1109/RTA.1993.263111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RTA.1993.263111","url":null,"abstract":"Current trends indicate that future C3 (command, control, and communications) systems will likely contain suites of heterogeneous computing facilities composed of both parallel and sequential computing components. Also, 'commercial-off-the-shelf' components are being heavily considered for use in these future systems. In the context of these trends, brief overviews of related work within the areas of parallel processing and real-time computing are given and areas of future research are outlined. A central theme throughout the paper is that in order to make effective use of future C3 platforms, a significant amount of 'cross fertilization' between researchers in the parallel processing and real-time computing communities will be required. As an example of the need for combined expertise in both areas, the problem of how to effectively allocate real-time tasks onto the processing elements of a hypercube architecture is discussed. Other research issues, including the question of how to cope with the degree of nondeterminism present in many commercial parallel processing systems, are also discussed.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":293622,"journal":{"name":"[1993] Proceedings of the IEEE Workshop on Real-Time Applications","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126720068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Complex real-time applications require a disciplined approach at the design stage. Unfortunately, existing design methods are not wholly appropriate for use with real-time applications. Even methods that have been developed specifically for this purpose fail to result in provably correct designs that are easily understood. Seven essential criteria of a suitable design method are given, and one potentially suitable method (based on the integration of structured and formal methods) is briefly described.<>
{"title":"The design of real-time applications","authors":"M. Hinchey","doi":"10.1109/RTA.1993.263091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RTA.1993.263091","url":null,"abstract":"Complex real-time applications require a disciplined approach at the design stage. Unfortunately, existing design methods are not wholly appropriate for use with real-time applications. Even methods that have been developed specifically for this purpose fail to result in provably correct designs that are easily understood. Seven essential criteria of a suitable design method are given, and one potentially suitable method (based on the integration of structured and formal methods) is briefly described.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":293622,"journal":{"name":"[1993] Proceedings of the IEEE Workshop on Real-Time Applications","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125485579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The growth of reuse and the advent of software repositories has led to the design of mechanisms to retrieve reusable assets. The most popular retrieval mechanisms, namely browsers, keyword searches, and multi-attribute searches offer limited precision in large domains or across domains. The use of formal algebraic specifications as search keys for reusable components leads to increased precision and forms the basis for future automated component integration. Components with real-time characteristics add another dimension to the search process. The paper proposes a method for retrieving reusable components using formal specifications with additional filters to find components that meet specific real-time criteria.<>
{"title":"Reusable component retrieval for real-time applications","authors":"R. Steigerwald","doi":"10.1109/RTA.1993.263104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RTA.1993.263104","url":null,"abstract":"The growth of reuse and the advent of software repositories has led to the design of mechanisms to retrieve reusable assets. The most popular retrieval mechanisms, namely browsers, keyword searches, and multi-attribute searches offer limited precision in large domains or across domains. The use of formal algebraic specifications as search keys for reusable components leads to increased precision and forms the basis for future automated component integration. Components with real-time characteristics add another dimension to the search process. The paper proposes a method for retrieving reusable components using formal specifications with additional filters to find components that meet specific real-time criteria.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":293622,"journal":{"name":"[1993] Proceedings of the IEEE Workshop on Real-Time Applications","volume":"145 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133719293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper describes a real-time software controller for a digital model railroad. The Unix real-time primitives of fork, pipe, and signal are used to perform interprocess communication among three concurrently executing tasks, (1) a scanning task, (2) a scheduler and collision avoidance task, and (3) a graphical user interface (GUI) task. The software engineering objective of this real-time system is to maintain control of multiple digital locomotives each running on the same track layout while at the same time allowing a computerized scheduling system to 'run' the trains. The control software continuously monitors reed contact sensors to keep track of each train's location and direction, and is constantly performing collision avoidance testing. The locomotives are digitally encoded with a chipset that is addressable, therefore messy block wiring to turn the power on and off is unnecessary. Each digital locomotive and digital turnout switch responds to computer commands that are sent to its address.<>
{"title":"A real-time software controller for a digital model railroad system","authors":"R. Webster, D. Hess","doi":"10.1109/RTA.1993.263102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RTA.1993.263102","url":null,"abstract":"The paper describes a real-time software controller for a digital model railroad. The Unix real-time primitives of fork, pipe, and signal are used to perform interprocess communication among three concurrently executing tasks, (1) a scanning task, (2) a scheduler and collision avoidance task, and (3) a graphical user interface (GUI) task. The software engineering objective of this real-time system is to maintain control of multiple digital locomotives each running on the same track layout while at the same time allowing a computerized scheduling system to 'run' the trains. The control software continuously monitors reed contact sensors to keep track of each train's location and direction, and is constantly performing collision avoidance testing. The locomotives are digitally encoded with a chipset that is addressable, therefore messy block wiring to turn the power on and off is unnecessary. Each digital locomotive and digital turnout switch responds to computer commands that are sent to its address.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":293622,"journal":{"name":"[1993] Proceedings of the IEEE Workshop on Real-Time Applications","volume":"15 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126233010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Bruno, A. Castella, I. Pavesio, M. P. Pescarmona
Many of the formalisms available for describing real-time systems and assessing their performance are based on some flavor of Petri nets. Most of these formalisms are expressive but not analyzable, or vice-versa. To overcome these limitations, the authors increase the expressiveness of a current formal method, by extending it with controlled forms of transition expansions. An example is discussed.<>
{"title":"Temporal analysis of extended marked graphs for real-time applications","authors":"G. Bruno, A. Castella, I. Pavesio, M. P. Pescarmona","doi":"10.1109/RTA.1993.263114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RTA.1993.263114","url":null,"abstract":"Many of the formalisms available for describing real-time systems and assessing their performance are based on some flavor of Petri nets. Most of these formalisms are expressive but not analyzable, or vice-versa. To overcome these limitations, the authors increase the expressiveness of a current formal method, by extending it with controlled forms of transition expansions. An example is discussed.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":293622,"journal":{"name":"[1993] Proceedings of the IEEE Workshop on Real-Time Applications","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122334096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Submarine command and control has many real-time requirements. The paper describes a demonstration application called the Manual Adaptive Target Motion Analysis Evaluator (MATE) developed at the Naval Undersea Warfare Center. The MATE algorithm uses sensor input in order for human trackers to graphically track submarine contacts. The demonstration system is built using several computer systems standards including POSIX, Ada, and SAFENET. The paper describes the system, the real-time requirements and the issues for further real-time support.<>
{"title":"Real-time considerations in submarine target motion analysis","authors":"G. Bussiere, J. Oblinger, V. Wolfe","doi":"10.1109/RTA.1993.263103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RTA.1993.263103","url":null,"abstract":"Submarine command and control has many real-time requirements. The paper describes a demonstration application called the Manual Adaptive Target Motion Analysis Evaluator (MATE) developed at the Naval Undersea Warfare Center. The MATE algorithm uses sensor input in order for human trackers to graphically track submarine contacts. The demonstration system is built using several computer systems standards including POSIX, Ada, and SAFENET. The paper describes the system, the real-time requirements and the issues for further real-time support.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":293622,"journal":{"name":"[1993] Proceedings of the IEEE Workshop on Real-Time Applications","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133050146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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