Pub Date : 2005-12-01DOI: 10.1080/10273660500533898
J. Peterson, T. Khan
In this paper, we present a robust methodology using mathematical pattern recognition schemes to detect and classify events in action potentials for recognizing toxins in biological cells. We focus on event detection in action potential via abstraction of information content into a low dimensional feature vector within the constrained computational environment of a biosensor. We use generated families of action potentials from a classic Hodgkin–Huxley model to verify our methodology and build toxin recognition engines. We demonstrate that good recognition rates are achievable with our methodology.
{"title":"Abstract action potential models for toxin recognition","authors":"J. Peterson, T. Khan","doi":"10.1080/10273660500533898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10273660500533898","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present a robust methodology using mathematical pattern recognition schemes to detect and classify events in action potentials for recognizing toxins in biological cells. We focus on event detection in action potential via abstraction of information content into a low dimensional feature vector within the constrained computational environment of a biosensor. We use generated families of action potentials from a classic Hodgkin–Huxley model to verify our methodology and build toxin recognition engines. We demonstrate that good recognition rates are achievable with our methodology.","PeriodicalId":294267,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Theoretical Medicine","volume":"108 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129557294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-09-01DOI: 10.1080/10273660500158712
P. Fotheringham, A. Gourlay, S. McKee, S. Andrews
Measurement of cardiac output is often investigated using a technique based on hot-film anemometry. Here, we discuss a modification to hot-film anemometry, which involves a cylindrical heating element mounted flush on the surface of a typical Swan-Ganz catheter. In contrast to traditional thermodilution, the method discussed here has the potential to allow continuous monitoring of cardiac output. This paper demonstrates that there is a simple approximate relationship between the power input to the device to maintain a temperature of one degree above blood heat and cardiac output. Since, the heat transfer and the fluid flow decouple, a numerical model of the heat transfer of a cylindrical catheter (with heating element) sitting concentrically within a rigid cylindrical artery is developed. Numerical results were obtained for a wide selection of flow profiles, including experimental data. The results indicate that the cardiac output/power input relationship is extremely robust with respect to flow profile and system parameter variation.
{"title":"A numerical investigation of heat transfer cardiac output measurements","authors":"P. Fotheringham, A. Gourlay, S. McKee, S. Andrews","doi":"10.1080/10273660500158712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10273660500158712","url":null,"abstract":"Measurement of cardiac output is often investigated using a technique based on hot-film anemometry. Here, we discuss a modification to hot-film anemometry, which involves a cylindrical heating element mounted flush on the surface of a typical Swan-Ganz catheter. In contrast to traditional thermodilution, the method discussed here has the potential to allow continuous monitoring of cardiac output. This paper demonstrates that there is a simple approximate relationship between the power input to the device to maintain a temperature of one degree above blood heat and cardiac output. Since, the heat transfer and the fluid flow decouple, a numerical model of the heat transfer of a cylindrical catheter (with heating element) sitting concentrically within a rigid cylindrical artery is developed. Numerical results were obtained for a wide selection of flow profiles, including experimental data. The results indicate that the cardiac output/power input relationship is extremely robust with respect to flow profile and system parameter variation.","PeriodicalId":294267,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Theoretical Medicine","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129501126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-06-01DOI: 10.1080/10273660500149927
I. Ali, D. Marenduzzo, C. Micheletti, J. Yeomans
We present a numerical characterization of the statics and dynamics of the packaging of a semi-flexible polymer inside a sphere. The study is motivated by recent experiments on the packaging of DNA inside viral capsids. It is found that the force required to confine the coarse-grained polymer is in fair agreement with that found in experiments for the packaging of the phi29 bacteriophage genome. Despite its schematic nature, the model is capable of reproducing the most salient dynamical features of packaging experiments such as the presence of pauses during individual packaging processes and the trend of the resisting force as a function of chain packed fraction.
{"title":"A coarse grained model for DNA and polymer packaging: statics and dynamics","authors":"I. Ali, D. Marenduzzo, C. Micheletti, J. Yeomans","doi":"10.1080/10273660500149927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10273660500149927","url":null,"abstract":"We present a numerical characterization of the statics and dynamics of the packaging of a semi-flexible polymer inside a sphere. The study is motivated by recent experiments on the packaging of DNA inside viral capsids. It is found that the force required to confine the coarse-grained polymer is in fair agreement with that found in experiments for the packaging of the phi29 bacteriophage genome. Despite its schematic nature, the model is capable of reproducing the most salient dynamical features of packaging experiments such as the presence of pauses during individual packaging processes and the trend of the resisting force as a function of chain packed fraction.","PeriodicalId":294267,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Theoretical Medicine","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122212277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-06-01DOI: 10.1080/10273660500148804
M. Thorpe
We present a novel approach to the calculation of flexibility and mobility in proteins, protein complexes and other large macromolecular complexes like virus capsids. Rather than using conventional molecular dynamics, we use the constraint approach of Lagrange, incorporating covalent bonds, hydrogen bonds and tethers for hydrophobic interactions. The rigid clusters, including the core, as well as the flexible joints between them are identified. Subsequently, this can be used as the basis for dynamics, using Monte Carlo approaches that maintain all the original constraints, as well as van der Waals excluded volumes. In our original work [1,2], we focused on ring closure and added the side groups later. This was successful in exploring the available conformational space and also in exploring directed trajectories between known distinct protein structures. We show that such techniques can be used on a single X-ray crystallographic structure to generate an ensemble of structures remarkably similar to those observed in NMR [2]. We also show how this approach can be used to generate multiple protein complexes for use in ligand docking studies, as well as exploring the allowed conformations of protein‐ligand complexes. This approach, applied at the atomic level, can handle macromolecular assemblies of up to a million atoms, to determine the rigid regions and the flexible joints between them. An application of this approach to the stability and assembly of an icosahedral viral capsid and cowpea chlorotic mottle virus are discussed [3].
{"title":"Flexibility and assembly of viral capsids","authors":"M. Thorpe","doi":"10.1080/10273660500148804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10273660500148804","url":null,"abstract":"We present a novel approach to the calculation of flexibility and mobility in proteins, protein complexes and other large macromolecular complexes like virus capsids. Rather than using conventional molecular dynamics, we use the constraint approach of Lagrange, incorporating covalent bonds, hydrogen bonds and tethers for hydrophobic interactions. The rigid clusters, including the core, as well as the flexible joints between them are identified. Subsequently, this can be used as the basis for dynamics, using Monte Carlo approaches that maintain all the original constraints, as well as van der Waals excluded volumes. In our original work [1,2], we focused on ring closure and added the side groups later. This was successful in exploring the available conformational space and also in exploring directed trajectories between known distinct protein structures. We show that such techniques can be used on a single X-ray crystallographic structure to generate an ensemble of structures remarkably similar to those observed in NMR [2]. We also show how this approach can be used to generate multiple protein complexes for use in ligand docking studies, as well as exploring the allowed conformations of protein‐ligand complexes. This approach, applied at the atomic level, can handle macromolecular assemblies of up to a million atoms, to determine the rigid regions and the flexible joints between them. An application of this approach to the stability and assembly of an icosahedral viral capsid and cowpea chlorotic mottle virus are discussed [3].","PeriodicalId":294267,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Theoretical Medicine","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126042344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-06-01DOI: 10.1080/10273660500149646
D. Gossard, J. King
A general feature of the pathways for the assembly of double-stranded DNA phages and viruses is the assembly of coat and scaffolding subunits into a precursor shell or procapsid, followed by packaging of the genomic DNA into the shell. Coupled to this DNA packaging process is the loss of the scaffolding subunits and expansion and re-organization of the procapsid lattice to the lattice of the mature virus. Such lattice transitions have also been observed with adenoviruses and herpesviruses. In re-organizing into the mature capsid lattice, each subunit of the precursor lattice must change its conformation, or its relationship with its neighbours, or both. We briefly review here recent structural data for phages P22 and HK97, and describe the motions and conformational changes associated with this lattice transition. Possible functions of such constrained transformations within the virus life-cycle are discussed.
{"title":"Lattice Transformations and Subunit Conformational Changes in Phage Capsid Maturation","authors":"D. Gossard, J. King","doi":"10.1080/10273660500149646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10273660500149646","url":null,"abstract":"A general feature of the pathways for the assembly of double-stranded DNA phages and viruses is the assembly of coat and scaffolding subunits into a precursor shell or procapsid, followed by packaging of the genomic DNA into the shell. Coupled to this DNA packaging process is the loss of the scaffolding subunits and expansion and re-organization of the procapsid lattice to the lattice of the mature virus. Such lattice transitions have also been observed with adenoviruses and herpesviruses. In re-organizing into the mature capsid lattice, each subunit of the precursor lattice must change its conformation, or its relationship with its neighbours, or both. We briefly review here recent structural data for phages P22 and HK97, and describe the motions and conformational changes associated with this lattice transition. Possible functions of such constrained transformations within the virus life-cycle are discussed.","PeriodicalId":294267,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Theoretical Medicine","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133719432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-06-01DOI: 10.1080/10273660500149869
P. Stockley, A. Ashcroft, S. Francese, G. Thompson, N. Ranson, A. Smith, S. Homans, N. Stonehouse
The RNA bacteriophages represent ideal model systems in which to probe the detailed assembly pathway for the formation of a T = 3 quasi-equivalent capsid. For MS2, the assembly reaction can be probed in vitro using acid disassembled coat protein subunits and a short (19 nt) RNA stem-loop that acts as the translational operator of the replicase gene and leads to sequence-specific sequestration and packaging of the cognate phage RNA in vivo. Reassembly reactions can be initiated by mixing these components at neutral pH. The molecular basis of the sequence-specific RNA–protein interaction is now well understood. Recent NMR studies on the protein demonstrate extensive mobility in the loops of the polypeptide that alter their conformations to form the quasi-equivalent conformers of the final capsid. It seems reasonable to assume that RNA binding results in reduction of this flexibility. However, mass spectrometry suggests that these RNA–protein complexes may only provide one type of quasi-equivalent capsid bui...
{"title":"Dissecting the fine details of assembly of a T=3 phage capsid","authors":"P. Stockley, A. Ashcroft, S. Francese, G. Thompson, N. Ranson, A. Smith, S. Homans, N. Stonehouse","doi":"10.1080/10273660500149869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10273660500149869","url":null,"abstract":"The RNA bacteriophages represent ideal model systems in which to probe the detailed assembly pathway for the formation of a T = 3 quasi-equivalent capsid. For MS2, the assembly reaction can be probed in vitro using acid disassembled coat protein subunits and a short (19 nt) RNA stem-loop that acts as the translational operator of the replicase gene and leads to sequence-specific sequestration and packaging of the cognate phage RNA in vivo. Reassembly reactions can be initiated by mixing these components at neutral pH. The molecular basis of the sequence-specific RNA–protein interaction is now well understood. Recent NMR studies on the protein demonstrate extensive mobility in the loops of the polypeptide that alter their conformations to form the quasi-equivalent conformers of the final capsid. It seems reasonable to assume that RNA binding results in reduction of this flexibility. However, mass spectrometry suggests that these RNA–protein complexes may only provide one type of quasi-equivalent capsid bui...","PeriodicalId":294267,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Theoretical Medicine","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132152468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-03-01DOI: 10.1080/10273660500035795
M. Emily, D. Morel, R. Marcelpoil, O. François
Tissue microarrays (TMAs) make possible the screening of hundreds of different tumour samples for the expression of a specific protein. Automatic features extraction procedures lead to a series of covariates corresponding to the averaged stained scores. In this article, we model the random geometry of TMA cores using voronoi tesselations. This formalism enables the computation of indices of spatial correlation of stained scores using both classical and novel approaches. The potential of these spatial statistics to correctly discriminate between diseased and non-diseased cases is evaluated through the analysis of a TMA containing samples of breast carcinoma data. The results indicate a significant improvement in the breast cancer prognosis.
{"title":"Spatial correlation of gene expression measures in tissue microarray core analysis","authors":"M. Emily, D. Morel, R. Marcelpoil, O. François","doi":"10.1080/10273660500035795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10273660500035795","url":null,"abstract":"Tissue microarrays (TMAs) make possible the screening of hundreds of different tumour samples for the expression of a specific protein. Automatic features extraction procedures lead to a series of covariates corresponding to the averaged stained scores. In this article, we model the random geometry of TMA cores using voronoi tesselations. This formalism enables the computation of indices of spatial correlation of stained scores using both classical and novel approaches. The potential of these spatial statistics to correctly discriminate between diseased and non-diseased cases is evaluated through the analysis of a TMA containing samples of breast carcinoma data. The results indicate a significant improvement in the breast cancer prognosis.","PeriodicalId":294267,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Theoretical Medicine","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123211053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-03-01DOI: 10.1080/10273660412331336883
M. A. Herrero, José M. López
In this work we succintly review the main features of bone formation in vertebrates. Out of the many aspects of this exceedingly complex process, some particular stages are selected for which mathematical modelling appears as both feasible and desirable. In this way, a number of open questions are formulated whose study seems to require interaction among mathematical analysis and biological experimentation.
{"title":"Bone formation: Biological aspects and modelling problems","authors":"M. A. Herrero, José M. López","doi":"10.1080/10273660412331336883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10273660412331336883","url":null,"abstract":"In this work we succintly review the main features of bone formation in vertebrates. Out of the many aspects of this exceedingly complex process, some particular stages are selected for which mathematical modelling appears as both feasible and desirable. In this way, a number of open questions are formulated whose study seems to require interaction among mathematical analysis and biological experimentation.","PeriodicalId":294267,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Theoretical Medicine","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114551105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-09-01DOI: 10.1080/10273660412331315147
S. Moghadas, A. Gumel, Robert G. McLeod, R. Gordon
Although therapeutic treatment strategies appear promising for retarding the progression of HIV-related diseases, prevention remains the most effective strategy against the HIV/AIDS epidemic. This paper focuses on the effect of condom use as a single-strategy approach in HIV prevention in the absence of any treatment. There are two primary factors in the use of condoms to halt the HIV/AIDS epidemic: condom efficacy and compliance. Our study is focused on the effect of these factors in stopping the epidemic by constructing a new deterministic mathematical model. The current estimate of condom effectiveness against HIV transmission, based on the latest meta-analysis, is 60–96%, with a mean of 87%. Since the parameter estimates are subject to different kinds of uncertainty, to achieve adequate quality assurance in predictions, uncertainty and sensitivity analyses are carried out using latin hypercube sampling (LHS) and partial rank correlation coefficients (PRCCs). Using stability and sensitivity analyses, based on a plausible range of parameter values, key parameters that govern the persistence or eradication of HIV are identified. This analysis shows that the product of efficacy and compliance, which we call ‘preventability’ (p), has a negative effect on the epidemic; as increasing p decreases the level of epidemicity. It is also shown that the threshold preventability (pc) increases with increasing average number of HIV-infected partners of susceptible individuals, especially those in the AIDS stage. For populations where the average number of HIV-infected partners is large, the associated preventability threshold is high and perhaps unattainable, suggesting that for such a population, HIV may not be controlled using condoms alone. On the other hand, for a population where the average number of HIV-infected partners is low (within a reasonable range), it is shown that pc is about 75%, suggesting that the epidemic could be stopped using condoms. Thus, for such a population, public health measures that can bring preventability above the threshold and continuous quantitative monitoring to make sure it stays there, are what would be necessary. In other words, for populations with reasonable average numbers of HIV-infected partners, given the will and effort, it is within our means to halt this epidemic using condoms.
{"title":"Could Condoms Stop the AIDS Epidemic","authors":"S. Moghadas, A. Gumel, Robert G. McLeod, R. Gordon","doi":"10.1080/10273660412331315147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10273660412331315147","url":null,"abstract":"Although therapeutic treatment strategies appear promising for retarding the progression of HIV-related diseases, prevention remains the most effective strategy against the HIV/AIDS epidemic. This paper focuses on the effect of condom use as a single-strategy approach in HIV prevention in the absence of any treatment. There are two primary factors in the use of condoms to halt the HIV/AIDS epidemic: condom efficacy and compliance. Our study is focused on the effect of these factors in stopping the epidemic by constructing a new deterministic mathematical model. The current estimate of condom effectiveness against HIV transmission, based on the latest meta-analysis, is 60–96%, with a mean of 87%. Since the parameter estimates are subject to different kinds of uncertainty, to achieve adequate quality assurance in predictions, uncertainty and sensitivity analyses are carried out using latin hypercube sampling (LHS) and partial rank correlation coefficients (PRCCs). Using stability and sensitivity analyses, based on a plausible range of parameter values, key parameters that govern the persistence or eradication of HIV are identified. This analysis shows that the product of efficacy and compliance, which we call ‘preventability’ (p), has a negative effect on the epidemic; as increasing p decreases the level of epidemicity. It is also shown that the threshold preventability (pc) increases with increasing average number of HIV-infected partners of susceptible individuals, especially those in the AIDS stage. For populations where the average number of HIV-infected partners is large, the associated preventability threshold is high and perhaps unattainable, suggesting that for such a population, HIV may not be controlled using condoms alone. On the other hand, for a population where the average number of HIV-infected partners is low (within a reasonable range), it is shown that pc is about 75%, suggesting that the epidemic could be stopped using condoms. Thus, for such a population, public health measures that can bring preventability above the threshold and continuous quantitative monitoring to make sure it stays there, are what would be necessary. In other words, for populations with reasonable average numbers of HIV-infected partners, given the will and effort, it is within our means to halt this epidemic using condoms.","PeriodicalId":294267,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Theoretical Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114225202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-03-01DOI: 10.1080/10273660310001628365
R. Baker, S. Schnell, P. Maini
Disruption of normal vertebral development results from abnormal formation and segmentation of the vertebral precursors, called somites. Somitogenesis, the sequential formation of a periodic pattern along the antero-posterior axis of vertebrate embryos, is one of the most obvious examples of the segmental patterning processes that take place during embryogenesis and also one of the major unresolved events in developmental biology. We review the most popular models of somite formation: Cooke and Zeeman’s clock and wavefront model, Meinhardt’s reaction –diffusion model and the cell cycle model of Stern and co-workers, and discuss the consistency of each in the light of recent experimental findings concerning FGF-8 signalling in the presomitic mesoderm (PSM). We present an extension of the cell cycle model to take account of this new experimental evidence, which shows the existence of a determination front whose position in the PSM is controlled by FGF-8 signalling, and which controls the ability of cells to become competent to segment. We conclude that it is, at this stage, perhaps erroneous to favour one of these models over the others.
{"title":"Formation of Vertebral Precursors: Past Models and Future Predictions","authors":"R. Baker, S. Schnell, P. Maini","doi":"10.1080/10273660310001628365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10273660310001628365","url":null,"abstract":"Disruption of normal vertebral development results from abnormal formation and segmentation of the vertebral precursors, called somites. Somitogenesis, the sequential formation of a periodic pattern along the antero-posterior axis of vertebrate embryos, is one of the most obvious examples of the segmental patterning processes that take place during embryogenesis and also one of the major unresolved events in developmental biology. We review the most popular models of somite formation: Cooke and Zeeman’s clock and wavefront model, Meinhardt’s reaction –diffusion model and the cell cycle model of Stern and co-workers, and discuss the consistency of each in the light of recent experimental findings concerning FGF-8 signalling in the presomitic mesoderm (PSM). We present an extension of the cell cycle model to take account of this new experimental evidence, which shows the existence of a determination front whose position in the PSM is controlled by FGF-8 signalling, and which controls the ability of cells to become competent to segment. We conclude that it is, at this stage, perhaps erroneous to favour one of these models over the others.","PeriodicalId":294267,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Theoretical Medicine","volume":"75 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120965775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：