Pub Date : 2023-03-30DOI: 10.52536/2788-5909.2023-1.05
A. Kakimzhanov, Sanjay Vedi, D. Akhmedyanova
This article stresses on India's Soft Power Outreach Strategy (SPOS) as a comprehensive plan that aims to increase its presence in the global arena and reinforce its position as a powerhouse country. SPOS focuses on enhancing the people-to-people connect through the tools like public diplomacy, cultural activities, educational and research collaborations, scholarships, tourism, developmental projects and so on. The article studies implementation of SPOS in Central Asia and attempts to bring about usefulness and effectiveness of soft power diplomacy in the context of Kazakhstan.
{"title":"INDIA'S SOFT POWER OUTREACH STRATEGY: CULTIVATING ITS CULTURAL INFLUENCE IN CENTRAL ASIA (THE CASE OF KAZAKHSTAN)","authors":"A. Kakimzhanov, Sanjay Vedi, D. Akhmedyanova","doi":"10.52536/2788-5909.2023-1.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52536/2788-5909.2023-1.05","url":null,"abstract":"This article stresses on India's Soft Power Outreach Strategy (SPOS) as a comprehensive plan that aims to increase its presence in the global arena and reinforce its position as a powerhouse country. SPOS focuses on enhancing the people-to-people connect through the tools like public diplomacy, cultural activities, educational and research collaborations, scholarships, tourism, developmental projects and so on. The article studies implementation of SPOS in Central Asia and attempts to bring about usefulness and effectiveness of soft power diplomacy in the context of Kazakhstan.","PeriodicalId":294410,"journal":{"name":"Central Asia's Affairs","volume":"93 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125976168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-30DOI: 10.52536/2788-5909.2023-1.02
Saida Aspandiyar, Raushan Elmurzayeva, S. Nurdavletova
In recent years the European Union actively supports the idea that a coherent and harmonious society requires the guarantees of equal rights in relation to all national minorities and overcoming the linguistic difficulties. Language is an integral part of European identity, the direct means of cultural expression and intercultural communication. However, modern trends like globalization and following migration flows have a great influence on the conducted language policy. It is inevitable to deny that the multilingual system within the European member states, which has been stable for more than 10 years, is evolving over the recent years. In the article special attention is paid to the concrete measures that can be implemented in Kazakhstan.
{"title":"THE RATIO OF ADOPTED EU LAWS WITH THEIR IMPLEMENTATION IN LANGUAGE POLICY (INSTITUTIONAL ASPECT): EXPERIENCE FOR KAZAKHSTAN","authors":"Saida Aspandiyar, Raushan Elmurzayeva, S. Nurdavletova","doi":"10.52536/2788-5909.2023-1.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52536/2788-5909.2023-1.02","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years the European Union actively supports the idea that a coherent and harmonious society requires the guarantees of equal rights in relation to all national minorities and overcoming the linguistic difficulties. Language is an integral part of European identity, the direct means of cultural expression and intercultural communication. However, modern trends like globalization and following migration flows have a great influence on the conducted language policy. It is inevitable to deny that the multilingual system within the European member states, which has been stable for more than 10 years, is evolving over the recent years. In the article special attention is paid to the concrete measures that can be implemented in Kazakhstan.","PeriodicalId":294410,"journal":{"name":"Central Asia's Affairs","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124006047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-30DOI: 10.52536/2788-5909.2023-1.03
L. Delovarova, Nuriddin Sultanmuratov, A. Yermekbayev
Integration issues in Central Asia have been on the agenda both at the national and regional levels for three decades. New geo-economic and geopolitical realities that have arisen along the perimeter of the region and affect the region itself actualize the need for more confident and intensive integration. Despite the sufficient potential for cooperation and common problems in the region, the process of rapprochement between countries is rather slow. Along with this, there is a constant discourse both at the intergovernmental level and at the level of the expert community about the main factors and approaches. The key factor, which is not yet a priority at the regional and bilateral levels, is the economic one. This article is devoted to some theoretical aspects of the analysis of integration in Central Asia through elements of a systematic approach, factor and event analysis, and focuses on the economic factor at the intraregional level.
{"title":"SOME THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF REGIONAL INTEGRATION IN CENTRAL ASIA. ASSESSMENT OF ECONOMIC POTENTIAL","authors":"L. Delovarova, Nuriddin Sultanmuratov, A. Yermekbayev","doi":"10.52536/2788-5909.2023-1.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52536/2788-5909.2023-1.03","url":null,"abstract":"Integration issues in Central Asia have been on the agenda both at the national and regional levels for three decades. New geo-economic and geopolitical realities that have arisen along the perimeter of the region and affect the region itself actualize the need for more confident and intensive integration. Despite the sufficient potential for cooperation and common problems in the region, the process of rapprochement between countries is rather slow. Along with this, there is a constant discourse both at the intergovernmental level and at the level of the expert community about the main factors and approaches. The key factor, which is not yet a priority at the regional and bilateral levels, is the economic one. This article is devoted to some theoretical aspects of the analysis of integration in Central Asia through elements of a systematic approach, factor and event analysis, and focuses on the economic factor at the intraregional level.","PeriodicalId":294410,"journal":{"name":"Central Asia's Affairs","volume":"05 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129974922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-30DOI: 10.52536/2788-5909.2023-1.01
Z. Mukasheva, Haydar Efe
The European Union (EU) is one of the most important partners for Central Asia, which includes five post-soviet Republics of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. For a long time, the EU has actively attempted to promote its standards and values across the area. This article investigates the evolution of the EU engagement with Central Asia, giving a document analysis of 2007 and 2019 EU Strategies for Central Asia. The purpose of the article is to compare the main objectives of the 2007 and 2019 Strategies, tracing an evolution of the EU priorities in the texts of two documents, using a quantitative content analysis, conducted manually. Theoretical framework of the article includes the external government concept in EU foreign policy, giving a literature review on the EU’s Strategies for Central Asia, and highlighting the background on the EU-Central Asia relations. In result, according to the empirical method of the content analysis of two strategies, the article concludes the EU’s priorities in Central Asia have been evolved revising European relationship with Central Asia from the focus on energy towards regional cooperation within Central Asia and security issues.
{"title":"EVOLUTION OF THE EUROPEAN UNION’S ENGAGEMENT WITH CENTRAL ASIA","authors":"Z. Mukasheva, Haydar Efe","doi":"10.52536/2788-5909.2023-1.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52536/2788-5909.2023-1.01","url":null,"abstract":"The European Union (EU) is one of the most important partners for Central Asia, which includes five post-soviet Republics of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. For a long time, the EU has actively attempted to promote its standards and values across the area. This article investigates the evolution of the EU engagement with Central Asia, giving a document analysis of 2007 and 2019 EU Strategies for Central Asia. The purpose of the article is to compare the main objectives of the 2007 and 2019 Strategies, tracing an evolution of the EU priorities in the texts of two documents, using a quantitative content analysis, conducted manually. Theoretical framework of the article includes the external government concept in EU foreign policy, giving a literature review on the EU’s Strategies for Central Asia, and highlighting the background on the EU-Central Asia relations. In result, according to the empirical method of the content analysis of two strategies, the article concludes the EU’s priorities in Central Asia have been evolved revising European relationship with Central Asia from the focus on energy towards regional cooperation within Central Asia and security issues.","PeriodicalId":294410,"journal":{"name":"Central Asia's Affairs","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128476629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-30DOI: 10.52536/2788-5909.2023-1.04
Aidarkhan Dauylbayev
This article examines the potential and opportunities for the development of the Arctic, international cooperation in this region between subarctic and non-Arctic countries. First of all, the article considers transit opportunities of Kazakhstan in the Arctic direction, the interests of non-Arctic China in the region, as well as the prospects for cooperation between China, Russia and Kazakhstan in the development of the Irtysh river system. As a result of directed efforts, Kazakhstan can achieve the goals of diversifying the economy and developing logistics capabilities. The paper briefly talks about the resource potential of the Arctic, the level of development of river infrastructure along the Irtysh basin, as well as the cooperation achieved between Kazakhstan and Russia, and also between Russia and China. Our country should make maximum use of the transit potential of the Irtysh for access to the port of Sabetta, and then to the Northern Sea Route. It should be noted that investments in the implementation and development of the Irtysh corridor primarily have a long-term perspective.
{"title":"THE ARCTIC AND NEW TRANSIT OPPORTUNITIES FOR KAZAKHSTAN","authors":"Aidarkhan Dauylbayev","doi":"10.52536/2788-5909.2023-1.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52536/2788-5909.2023-1.04","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the potential and opportunities for the development of the Arctic, international cooperation in this region between subarctic and non-Arctic countries. First of all, the article considers transit opportunities of Kazakhstan in the Arctic direction, the interests of non-Arctic China in the region, as well as the prospects for cooperation between China, Russia and Kazakhstan in the development of the Irtysh river system. As a result of directed efforts, Kazakhstan can achieve the goals of diversifying the economy and developing logistics capabilities. The paper briefly talks about the resource potential of the Arctic, the level of development of river infrastructure along the Irtysh basin, as well as the cooperation achieved between Kazakhstan and Russia, and also between Russia and China. Our country should make maximum use of the transit potential of the Irtysh for access to the port of Sabetta, and then to the Northern Sea Route. It should be noted that investments in the implementation and development of the Irtysh corridor primarily have a long-term perspective.","PeriodicalId":294410,"journal":{"name":"Central Asia's Affairs","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131373067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-15DOI: 10.52536/2788-5909.2022-4.03
Assel Tokeyeva, G. Askhat
Issues related to the strategic partnership between Kazakhstan and China, as well as new forms of strategic partnership, are considered in this review. We tried to look at the partnership between Kazakhstan and the People's Republic of China from a new perspective. We see that the potential for business cooperation between the two countries is still high, and we also notice that it has a very bright future.But, based on our experience, have we been able to solve the main problems? Have we achieved our goals? Will both countries benefit? Can Kazakhstan rapidly develop its economy worldwide? Finding answers to such questions would help prevent various threats and take the right steps in the current era of globalization.Thus, through joint efforts, our two countries can confidently achieve their goals in peace and stability. The article briefly describes the cooperation between Kazakhstan and China in the way of strategic partnership and the specific measures taken within the framework of that cooperation.
{"title":"NEW FORMS OF STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP BETWEEN KAZAKHSTAN AND CHINA","authors":"Assel Tokeyeva, G. Askhat","doi":"10.52536/2788-5909.2022-4.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52536/2788-5909.2022-4.03","url":null,"abstract":"Issues related to the strategic partnership between Kazakhstan and China, as well as new forms of strategic partnership, are considered in this review. We tried to look at the partnership between Kazakhstan and the People's Republic of China from a new perspective. We see that the potential for business cooperation between the two countries is still high, and we also notice that it has a very bright future.But, based on our experience, have we been able to solve the main problems? Have we achieved our goals? Will both countries benefit? Can Kazakhstan rapidly develop its economy worldwide? Finding answers to such questions would help prevent various threats and take the right steps in the current era of globalization.Thus, through joint efforts, our two countries can confidently achieve their goals in peace and stability. The article briefly describes the cooperation between Kazakhstan and China in the way of strategic partnership and the specific measures taken within the framework of that cooperation.","PeriodicalId":294410,"journal":{"name":"Central Asia's Affairs","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125523898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-15DOI: 10.52536/2788-5909.2022-4.04
A. Turkhanova, Asemgul Gusmanova
The article is devoted to such a phenomenon as the country's image and the analysis of the role of the "celebrity factor" in its popularization. The authors, having conducted a study through a survey and other methods of analysis, among foreign citizens who are currently in Kazakhstan, identify how much the “celebrity factor” can form the country image of Kazakhstan, what famous people around the world form the country image of Kazakhstan, today , as well as what socio-economic effects the “celebrity factor” brings, both in the domestic and international politics of the state.
{"title":"ANALASYS OF THE «CELEBRITY FACTOR» IN THE PROMOTION OF THE COUNTRY’S IMAGE (ON THE EXAMPLE OF KAZAKHSTAN)","authors":"A. Turkhanova, Asemgul Gusmanova","doi":"10.52536/2788-5909.2022-4.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52536/2788-5909.2022-4.04","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to such a phenomenon as the country's image and the analysis of the role of the \"celebrity factor\" in its popularization. The authors, having conducted a study through a survey and other methods of analysis, among foreign citizens who are currently in Kazakhstan, identify how much the “celebrity factor” can form the country image of Kazakhstan, what famous people around the world form the country image of Kazakhstan, today , as well as what socio-economic effects the “celebrity factor” brings, both in the domestic and international politics of the state.","PeriodicalId":294410,"journal":{"name":"Central Asia's Affairs","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127875806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-15DOI: 10.52536/2788-5909.2022-4.01
Aidar Kurmashev, H. Sadri
International Relations (IR) scholars generally categorize states into three groups of powers: small, middle, or great. The lack of clear criteria for determining the power status of states, however, often creates debate about how to appropriately categorize a particular country. This article focuses on gathering and organizing the major definitions of small and middle powers by various scholars. Moreover, the article places these definitions into different clear and usable categories. Therefore, we illustrate the appropriate range of the small and middle size power categories. This, in turn, will provide clearer guidelines for states that aim to move from one category to another.
{"title":"UNDERSTANDING CRITERIA FOR DEFINING SMALL AND MIDDLE POWERS","authors":"Aidar Kurmashev, H. Sadri","doi":"10.52536/2788-5909.2022-4.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52536/2788-5909.2022-4.01","url":null,"abstract":"International Relations (IR) scholars generally categorize states into three groups of powers: small, middle, or great. The lack of clear criteria for determining the power status of states, however, often creates debate about how to appropriately categorize a particular country. This article focuses on gathering and organizing the major definitions of small and middle powers by various scholars. Moreover, the article places these definitions into different clear and usable categories. Therefore, we illustrate the appropriate range of the small and middle size power categories. This, in turn, will provide clearer guidelines for states that aim to move from one category to another.","PeriodicalId":294410,"journal":{"name":"Central Asia's Affairs","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127715578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-15DOI: 10.52536/2788-5909.2022-4.02
Fuki Yagi, M. Kussainova, Buho Hoshino
The agriculture in semi-arid lands of Kazakhstan on the example of the Kazakh-Chinese border has been transforming since the 2010s. This study examines corn farming practices and related state policies in Kazakhstan and makes policy recommendations for future sustainable land management (SLM) implementation. Through interviews with key informants and a review of policy documents, this paper identifies the following: 1) the study site has three farming issues depending on the geography; 2) farmers have positive agricultural practices for SLM adoption, such as crop rotation and manure usage; and 3) the agricultural enterprises established by the Agricultural Investment Policy have influenced the expansion of corn cultivation since the 2010s. These findings suggest it is possible to sustainably improve agricultural production in the study area, which is affected by infrastructure development between China and Kazakhstan, through the introduction of appropriate technology for each elevation and the development of sustainable agricultural land through cooperation with local companies.
{"title":"SUSTAINABLE LAND MANAGEMENT IN CORN FARMLAND, SOUTHEAST KAZAKHSTAN: REPORT FROM KAZAKHSTAN AND CHINA BORDER","authors":"Fuki Yagi, M. Kussainova, Buho Hoshino","doi":"10.52536/2788-5909.2022-4.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52536/2788-5909.2022-4.02","url":null,"abstract":"The agriculture in semi-arid lands of Kazakhstan on the example of the Kazakh-Chinese border has been transforming since the 2010s. This study examines corn farming practices and related state policies in Kazakhstan and makes policy recommendations for future sustainable land management (SLM) implementation. Through interviews with key informants and a review of policy documents, this paper identifies the following: 1) the study site has three farming issues depending on the geography; 2) farmers have positive agricultural practices for SLM adoption, such as crop rotation and manure usage; and 3) the agricultural enterprises established by the Agricultural Investment Policy have influenced the expansion of corn cultivation since the 2010s. These findings suggest it is possible to sustainably improve agricultural production in the study area, which is affected by infrastructure development between China and Kazakhstan, through the introduction of appropriate technology for each elevation and the development of sustainable agricultural land through cooperation with local companies.","PeriodicalId":294410,"journal":{"name":"Central Asia's Affairs","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125968255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-15DOI: 10.52536/2788-5909.2022-3.01
Nurlan Uzakbayev, G. Movkebayeva
Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, Central Asia has become the center that intersects the interests of many external players. For the last 30 years, Russia has been trying to keep its place as the key player in the region, but China has also become a very influential country in the region. There are several international organizations that link and oblige in some circumstances all these Central Asian countries and one of them is the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. Except for Turkmenistan, all other Central Asian countries are members of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, where Russia and China share their interests as key players in the region. But the recent new members, India, Pakistan, and Iran, are also trying to connect with the Central Asian states, and their efforts will show their influence on the redistribution of the power balance in the region. Apart from member states, there are other countries like Turkey, the United States, and European Union that are searching for a way into the game.
{"title":"THE IMPACT OF THE NEW MEMBERS OF THE SHANGHAI COOPERATION ORGANIZATION ON POWER BALANCE IN CENTRAL ASIA","authors":"Nurlan Uzakbayev, G. Movkebayeva","doi":"10.52536/2788-5909.2022-3.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52536/2788-5909.2022-3.01","url":null,"abstract":"Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, Central Asia has become the center that intersects the interests of many external players. For the last 30 years, Russia has been trying to keep its place as the key player in the region, but China has also become a very influential country in the region. There are several international organizations that link and oblige in some circumstances all these Central Asian countries and one of them is the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. Except for Turkmenistan, all other Central Asian countries are members of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, where Russia and China share their interests as key players in the region. But the recent new members, India, Pakistan, and Iran, are also trying to connect with the Central Asian states, and their efforts will show their influence on the redistribution of the power balance in the region. Apart from member states, there are other countries like Turkey, the United States, and European Union that are searching for a way into the game.","PeriodicalId":294410,"journal":{"name":"Central Asia's Affairs","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130691889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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