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Wedding traditions among the Lipovans of the Republic of Moldova (based on fi eld materials) 摩尔多瓦共和国利波凡人的婚礼传统(根据现场资料)
Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.52603/pc22.28
Tatiana Zaicovschi
On the basis of the author’s fi eld researches, the characteristic features of holding a traditional wedding among the Lipovans of the Republic of Moldova were revealed. Th e traditional wedding lasted three days, this feature is largely preserved to this day. On Sunday, aft er the wedding, the wedding party was celebrated in the groom’s house, the next day there took place the so-called “otvodiny” – the wedding in the bride’s house, and on the third day only the closest people were invited. On the fi rst and second days, the “dressing” of relatives (parents, etc.) was carried out: cuts of fabric, embroidered towels were used for this, which were hung crosswise on both shoulders. Th e parents planted at the wedding were usually the godmother and the godfather, with their active participation, the guests gave gift s to the young family; on the second day, they traveled around the village and collected these “gift s” (grain, goats, lambs, cuts of fabric, etc.). In the morning of the second day, the godmother entered the young couple’s room to check the “honesty” of the bride. If everything turned out to be in order, she went out to the guests with a red rag or bow. We also studied a number of transformations that took place in the wedding traditions of the Lipovans of the Republic of Moldova, especially in cities.
笔者在实地调研的基础上,揭示了摩尔多瓦共和国利波万人举行传统婚礼的特点。传统的婚礼持续三天,这一特点在很大程度上保留至今。婚礼后的星期天,在新郎家里举行婚礼,第二天举行所谓的“otvodiny”——在新娘家里举行婚礼,第三天只邀请最亲密的人。在第一天和第二天,亲戚(父母等)的“装扮”进行:裁剪织物,刺绣毛巾,这是用来在两个肩膀上横挂。出席婚礼的父母通常是教母和教父,在他们的积极参与下,客人们给这个年轻的家庭送礼物;第二天,他们走遍村子,收集这些“礼物”(谷物、山羊、羊羔、织物等)。第二天早上,教母走进这对年轻夫妇的房间,检查新娘的“诚实”。如果一切顺利,她就拿着红布或蝴蝶结出去迎接客人。我们还研究了摩尔多瓦共和国的利波凡人婚礼传统中发生的一些变化,特别是在城市里。
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引用次数: 0
Prose and theatre. A stage vision of director Alexandru Cozub 散文和戏剧。导演亚历山德鲁·科祖布的舞台视觉
Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.52603/pc22.19
Ana Ghilaş
Th e interference of the arts, respectively the inter- and trans-disciplinary methods, constitute the perspectives of approaching the show “Frunze de dor”/”Leaves of Longing” based on the novel of the same name by Ion Druță. Th e stage adaptation and direction belong to Alexandru Cozub, artistic director and fi rst director of “Mihai Eminescu” National Th eater from Chisinau. Th e object of research is the relationship between prose and theater, the forms of theatricality in the narrative literary text and the artistic ways of their scenic realization in the show. In this context, the specifi cs of the artistic vision of the prose writer I. Druță, his style and the way of reception and creation of the scenario by the director A. Cozub, as well as the artistic realization of the show, are highlighted. Th e director preserved the consecutiveness of the development of the action, the main scenes from the lyrical Druțian novel, creating a theatrical discourse in which the transition from epic to dramatic is fully manifested, the authorship and orality being, for the most part, transmitted to the choir or to specifi c characters, thus demonstrating that the voice of the author in the epic work acquires a certain dramatic intensity in the stage action
艺术的介入,跨学科和跨学科的方法,构成了对伊安Druță同名小说改编的展览《思念的叶子》的解读视角。舞台改编和导演由基希讷乌国家舞台剧《米海·埃米内斯库》的艺术总监、首任导演亚历山德鲁·科祖布担任。本文的研究对象是散文与戏剧的关系、叙事文学文本中戏剧性的表现形式及其在戏剧中的景观实现的艺术方式。在此背景下,着重分析了散文家I. Druță的艺术视野、风格以及导演A. Cozub对剧本的接受和创作方式,以及该剧的艺术实现。导演保留了动作发展的连续性,主要场景来自抒情小说Druțian,创造了一种戏剧话语,充分体现了从史诗到戏剧的过渡,作者和口语性在很大程度上传递给了合唱团或特定的人物,从而表明史诗作品中作者的声音在舞台动作中获得了一定的戏剧强度
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引用次数: 0
Kilia fortress of Stephen the Great 斯蒂芬大帝的基利亚要塞
Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.52603/pc22.08
Mariana Şlapac
Th e stone fortress of Kilia was erected on the banks of the Danube in the summer of 1479 on the initiative led by Stephen the Great. An inner wall separated it, following the example of the Cetatea Alba, into two distinct parts: the Outer Fortress, which corresponded to the “civil court”, and the Middle Fortress, to which conformed to the “middle court” corresponded. It was joined by the third courtyard, the “garrison courtyard”, which surrounded the old stone citadel. Th e inner citadel corresponded to the “middle court” and the “garrison court”. Th e fourth court, the “court of the citadel” or “court of the military commander”, was bounded by the citadel walls. Among the fl anking towers were the Arsenal Tower, the Weapons Tower, the Commander’s Tower, the Lighthouse Tower, the Bloody Tower, the Prison Tower, the Maiden’s Tower, the Arab Tower, the Wool Tower, the Millet Tower, the Flat Tower, the Cracked Tower, the Biscuit Tower, the Mountain Tower, etc. During the rule of Stephen the Great, ordinary towers appeared, with an inner hollow, “full” towers and “artillery towers”. Th e roads connected the Great Gate of the citadel with three Gates from the water, the Small Gate, the Guild Gate and the Greek Gate. Th e defensive complex of Kilia was conquered by Ottoman troops in July of 1484.
1479年夏天,在斯蒂芬大帝的倡议下,基利亚的石头堡垒在多瑙河岸边建立起来。内墙将其分成两个不同的部分,以Cetatea Alba为例:外部堡垒与“民事法院”相对应,中间堡垒与“中间法院”相对应。与之相连的是第三个庭院,即“守军庭院”,它围绕着古老的石头城堡。内城对应“中院”和“驻军院”。第四个朝廷,即“城堡朝廷”或“军事指挥官朝廷”,以城堡的城墙为界。这些塔楼中有兵工厂塔、武器塔、指挥官塔、灯塔塔、血腥塔、监狱塔、少女塔、阿拉伯塔、羊毛塔、小米塔、平塔、裂塔、饼干塔、山塔等。在斯蒂芬大帝统治期间,出现了普通的塔楼,内部是空心的,“满”塔和“炮楼”。这些路连接着城堡的大门和三个通往水面的门:小门、公会门和希腊门。基利亚的防御工事在1484年7月被奥斯曼军队征服。
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引用次数: 0
Social world in the fairy tale folklore of the Bulgarians of Moldova and Ukraine 摩尔多瓦和乌克兰的保加利亚人的童话民间传说中的社会世界
Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.52603/pc22.30
Надежда Кара
Th e article describes the fairy tale folklore refl ection of the social sphere of Bulgarians of the Republic of Moldova and Ukraine as part of their ethnic refl ection of the world. Th e social world is represented in the fairy tales through the nomination of social functions and statuses of people; their actualization is connected with real and axiological value, as well as with their ethical function. Th e research is done on the basis of novel fairy tales and anecdotes collected in the Republic of Moldova and Ukraine in the 70-90th of the XX century. About 50 lexical units were found that refl ect the nomination of the social status of the characters (family, social, and professional status, economical situation, etc.). Th e units were considered from the point of the social structure of an ethnic community; the classifi cation of social groups and their stratifi cation was done. Th rough the example of some nominations, their semantic and contextual expansion were researched (involving the background cultural information), as well as the connotation of the corresponding nominations (as an axiological element).
这篇文章描述了摩尔多瓦共和国和乌克兰保加利亚人的社会领域的童话民间传说反映,作为他们对世界的民族反映的一部分。童话通过对人的社会功能和社会地位的提名来表现社会世界;它们的实现既与现实价值和价值论价值有关,又与它们的伦理功能有关。本研究以20世纪70-90年代在摩尔多瓦共和国和乌克兰收集的小说童话和轶事为基础。约有50个词汇单位反映了汉字的社会地位(家庭、社会、职业地位、经济状况等)。这些单位是从一个民族社区的社会结构的角度来考虑的;对社会群体进行了分类和分层。通过一些提名的例子,研究了它们的语义和语境扩展(涉及背景文化信息),以及相应提名的内涵(作为一个价值论要素)。
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引用次数: 0
Th e repertoire of the performer Nina Ermurachi in the “Folclor” orchestra: dominant categories and aesthetic trends 表演者尼娜·埃尔穆拉奇在“民间”管弦乐队的曲目:主要类别和审美趋势
Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.52603/pc22.25
Vasile Chiseliţă
Th e study ”Th e repertoire of the performer Nina Ermurachi in the Folclor orchestra: dominant categories and aesthetic trends” addresses some methodological and epistemological aspects of the theme, designed as a preliminary stage of a wider research on the contribution of the professional folk orchestra “Folclor” in the work of cultural patrimonialization on the platform of neo-traditional art from the late Soviet period (1960-1980). Th e focus is on elucidating the heuristic relevance of some seminal notions from cultural studies theory. Th e author tries to argue the complexity, multiplicity and plurivalence of aspects related to aesthetics, ideology, social base, semantic universe, expressive and typological structures in the repertoire and vocal art of the soloist Nina Ermurachi. Full-time employee of the orchestra for over 37 years, the artist got the most out of around 180 songs in neo-traditional style, a solid and important musical heritage in the form of audiovisual recordings, included in the fund of IPNA Company “Teleradio-Moldova”. Starting from Cliff ord Geertz’s suggestions, two strategic typological categories are delimited in the artist’s repertoire, which symbolize the hegemonic force of two great directions or layers in the patrimonialization process: 1) creations grouped around the idea of national ethos and 2) creations centered on the “new, socialist vision”.
“民间乐团演奏者Nina Ermurachi的曲目:主要类别和美学趋势”研究涉及该主题的一些方法论和认识论方面,旨在作为更广泛研究“民间”专业乐团在苏联后期(1960-1980年)新传统艺术平台上的文化世俗化工作的贡献的初步阶段。重点是阐明文化研究理论中一些重要概念的启发式关联。本文试图从美学、意识形态、社会基础、语义世界、表达结构和类型学结构等方面论述独奏家尼娜·埃尔穆拉奇的曲目和声乐艺术的复杂性、多样性和多元性。在乐团全职工作超过37年的时间里,艺术家创作了大约180首新传统风格的歌曲,这是一份坚实而重要的音乐遗产,以音像记录的形式存在,包括在IPNA公司“Teleradio-Moldova”的基金中。从克利夫·格尔茨的建议出发,在艺术家的曲目中划分了两个战略性的类型学范畴,象征着父权化过程中两大方向或层次的霸权力量:1)围绕民族精神观念的创作,2)以“社会主义新视野”为中心的创作。
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引用次数: 0
Baba neagra – element of gastronomic heritage and of preparation traditions 巴巴尼格拉-元素的美食遗产和准备传统
Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.52603/pc22.26
Lucia Adascalița-Crigan, Viorica Cazac-Scobioala
Th e paper presents the results of the study on the traditions of preparing the „Baba Neagră” (Black sweet dish), as an element of the gastronomic patrimony in the area of the Republic of Moldova. Baba Neagră is a sweet dish prepared especially in the northern part of the Republic of Moldova. Th e preparation is also identifi ed in Romania. Th e study undertaken allowed the identifi cation of a varied range of this preparation-13, excelling from one area to another, being identifi ed as a preparation served hot or cold, with cognac, fruits, nuts, sweetness from fruits, etc. For diff erent periods in the religious calendar, the inventive housewives identifi ed solutions: there was the Baba Neagră for lent and Baba Neagră for celebration. Th us, considering the religious customs (as a landmark), but also through their native skill, various recipes were created valid for any period of the religious calendar year. We note that the importance of discovering, preserving and passing on to the next generations of authentic Baba Neagră recipes derives from the interest in promoting authentic dishes. In this context, the preparation of Baba Neagră is a brand of national cultural and gastronomic identity.
本文介绍了对准备“Baba neagrei”(黑色甜点)的传统的研究结果,作为摩尔多瓦共和国地区美食遗产的一个元素。巴巴尼格鲁是一道特别在摩尔多瓦共和国北部地区制作的甜点。在罗马尼亚也发现了这种准备。所进行的研究允许鉴定这种制剂的不同范围-13,从一个领域到另一个领域都很出色,被确定为热或冷的制剂,与干邑,水果,坚果,水果的甜味等。在宗教历法的不同时期,富有创造力的家庭主妇们找到了解决办法:有巴巴·尼格鲁代表出借,巴巴·尼格鲁代表庆祝。因此,考虑到宗教习俗(作为一个里程碑),也通过他们的本土技能,各种食谱被创造出来,在宗教日历年的任何时期都有效。我们注意到,发现、保存并将正宗巴巴尼格鲁食谱传给下一代的重要性,源于对推广正宗菜肴的兴趣。在这种背景下,巴巴尼格鲁的制作是一个民族文化和美食认同的品牌。
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引用次数: 0
Spanish baroque guitar: theoretical landmarks 西班牙巴洛克吉他:理论里程碑
Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.52603/pc22.22
Mihail Agafița
Th e purpose of the article is to elucidate the evolution of the fi ve-string guitar in Spain during the Baroque period. It acquires a multidimensional character: interpretation techniques are developed, the repertoire is enriched, there is a plethora of talented performers and composers who promote new trends in the Spanish guitar practice. Th e author studies three major innovations of the time that led to the essential change of the guitar practice: the replacement of the polyphonic style with the homophone-harmonic one; introduction of a new notation system – Alfabeto; the formation of the Spanish composers’ school. Treatises written by J.C. Amat, G. Sans, L. R. de Ribayaz, S. de Murcia are analyzed as well as the time repertoire composed by famous performers and composers. Th e most important features of the Spanish baroque guitar style are revealed in the conclusions: favorite genres, typical guitar texture, etc.
本文的目的是阐明五弦吉他在巴洛克时期在西班牙的演变。它获得了一个多维度的特征:演绎技术的发展,曲目的丰富,有很多有才华的表演者和作曲家,他们推动了西班牙吉他实践的新趋势。作者研究了当时导致吉他实践发生本质变化的三大创新:以同音和声风格取代复调风格;引入一个新的符号系统- Alfabeto;西班牙作曲家学派的形成本文分析了J.C. Amat, G. Sans, L. R. de Ribayaz, S. de Murcia的专著,以及著名演奏家和作曲家的时间曲目。结论部分揭示了西班牙巴洛克吉他风格最重要的特点:喜爱的流派、典型的吉他织体等。
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引用次数: 0
“Циганешти князове” and the issue of appearance of Roma people on the lands of Țara Moldovei and Țara Românească " Циганешти князове "和罗姆人在Țara Moldovei和Țara rom<e:1> neascei土地上出现的问题
Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.52603/pc22.32
Алексей Романчук
Information about „Циганешти князове” was mentioned in a Moldavian medieval document dated 1414 A.D. Th e most appropriate interpretation of these words is the following: Циганешти is an anthroponym-patronym, which denotates several (at least two) people that descended from a man whose name is Цыган. Next, this name, Цыган comes from the ethnonym tsigan (an old ethnonym for Roma people). Following the typical Romanian medieval toponymical model (an early model) the patronymic Цыганешть later gave birth to the oikonym (name of a village) Цыганешть. According to L. L. Polevoi, the formation of the complete form of Romanian oikonyms with the suffi x –ешть needed about 102 +- 29 years. Th us, we have to date the origin of the village „Циганешти князове” earlier than 1400 A.D. Moreover, it is akso possible that this village appeared even in the times of the Golden Hoard (as some other early Moldavian villages (see researches of L.L. Polevoi and N. D. Russev). We can suppose that early groups of Roma (being merchants and craft smen) came to Balkans in the XIII – early XIV centuries A.D., and entered at the same time the Carpathian-Dniester lands that were owned by the Golden Hoard.
关于“Циганешти князове”的信息在公元1414年的摩尔达维亚中世纪文献中被提及。对这些词最合适的解释如下:Циганешти是一个人名-父名,它表示几个(至少两个)人是Цыган这个人的后裔。其次,这个名字Цыган来自民族名tsigan(一个古老的罗姆人的民族名)。按照典型的罗马尼亚中世纪地名模式(早期模式),父名Цыганешть后来产生了oikonym(一个村庄的名字)Цыганешть。根据L. L. Polevoi的说法,以x -ешть为后缀的罗马尼亚语的完整形式的形成大约需要102 +- 29年。因此,我们必须确定村庄“Циганешти князове”的起源时间早于公元1400年。此外,这个村庄甚至可能出现在金盾时期(就像其他一些早期的摩尔多瓦村庄一样)(参见L.L. Polevoi和n.d. Russev的研究)。我们可以假设,早期的罗姆人(作为商人和手工业者)在公元十三世纪至十四世纪初来到巴尔干半岛,同时进入了金帐汗国拥有的喀尔巴阡-德涅斯特地区。
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引用次数: 0
Cultural identity of Andrei Baleanu’s performances 安德烈·巴利亚努表演的文化认同
Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.52603/pc22.20
Elfrida Koroliova
Clever, highly artistic performances by Andrei Baleanu entered the golden fund of the Moldovan theatrical culture. His performances are distinguished by cultural and civic identity - Rops by Boris Kabur, the comedy Inspector General by Nicolai Gogol, the tragedy Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare, On the Night of the Lunar Eclipse by Mustai Karim, the heroic-romantic play Th e Blue Deer by Alexei Kolomiets, the play Solo for a Striking Clock by Osvald Zahradnik, the production drama Bonus by Alexandr Gelman, the play Th e Lower Depth by Maxim Gorky, the comedy Man and Gentleman by Eduardo de Filippo, Th e Lark by J. Anouilh. Performances that are distinguished by cultural, national and civic identities - the ballad At the Gates of Paradise based on the play Earth by Ion Podoleanu, the play Th e White Moor based on the story by Ion Creanga, the play A Stormy Night by Ion Luca Caragiale, to the hidden meanings in the text of the playwright to which was given a modern sound.
安德烈·巴利亚努巧妙的、高度艺术性的表演进入了摩尔多瓦戏剧文化的黄金基金。他的表演文化和公民身份——由鲍里斯Kabur罗普,尼科莱果戈理的喜剧检察长,威廉·莎士比亚的悲剧《罗密欧与朱丽叶》,当晚的月食Mustai卡里姆,heroic-romantic玩Th e蓝色鹿的阿列克谢•Kolomiets引人注目的时钟的玩独奏Osvald Zahradnik,生产戏剧奖金由Alexandr >戏Th e降低深度马克西姆•高尔基,爱德华多·德·菲利普的喜剧男人和绅士,《百灵鸟》J.阿努伊著。以文化、国家和公民身份为特色的表演——根据伊翁·波多莱亚努的戏剧《大地》改编的民谣《天堂之门》、根据伊翁·克里安加的故事改编的戏剧《白色荒原》、伊翁·卢卡·卡拉吉尔的戏剧《暴风雨之夜》,以及赋予现代声音的剧作家文本中隐藏的意义。
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引用次数: 0
Th e compositional role of buildings for spectacle in the urban context 建筑在城市环境中的景观构成作用
Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.52603/pc22.12
A. Trifan
Public institutions for spectacle are given special attention in detailed urban plans, serving as dominant features and accents in the urban context. Th e importance of buildings of this type requires not only a careful search for the architectural image, taking into account the form of representation, but also the identifi cation of the uniqueness of the object designed to solve urban planning tasks. Aesthetics inspired by buildings for spectacle affi rm and validate their compositional role, cultural and artistic value being described by evaluation criteria such as spatial proportion and structure, visual openings and ability to provide views, expression and style, image and identity, spirit of the time and atmosphere of the place. Th e spectacular side of these buildings becomes evident through the intensifi cation of the formal features: from the treatment of the fronts to the decorative elements.
在详细的城市规划中,公共景观机构受到特别关注,成为城市环境中的主要特征和口音。这类建筑的重要性不仅需要仔细寻找建筑形象,考虑到表现形式,还需要识别设计对象的独特性,以解决城市规划任务。受景观建筑启发的美学确认并验证了它们的构成作用、文化和艺术价值,这些价值通过诸如空间比例和结构、视觉开口和提供景观的能力、表达和风格、形象和身份、时间精神和场所氛围等评价标准来描述。这些建筑壮观的一面通过强化形式特征变得明显:从正面的处理到装饰元素。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Patrimoniul cultural: cercetare, valorificare, promovare
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