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2015 International Symposium on Lightning Protection (XIII SIPDA)最新文献

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Development of shield-type multi-chamber lightning arrester for 35kV OHL 35kV OHL屏蔽式多室避雷器的研制
Pub Date : 2015-11-30 DOI: 10.1109/SIPDA.2015.7339336
G. Podporkin, E. Y. Enkin, V. Zhitenev, R. I. Zainalov, V. E. Pil’shchikov, D. Belko
The paper presents an alternative to the traditional method of lightning protection of 35 kV overhead lines based on shield-type multi-chamber arresters. The main stages of the design of arrester, and also shows the test results confirming compliance with required characteristics.
提出了一种基于屏蔽式多室避雷器的35kv架空线路传统防雷方法的替代方案。介绍了避雷器的主要设计阶段,并给出了试验结果,确认符合要求的特性。
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引用次数: 4
Two-dimensional simulation on the glow to streamer transition from lightning rods 避雷针辉光向流光转变的二维模拟
Pub Date : 2015-11-30 DOI: 10.1109/SIPDA.2015.7339289
Lipeng Liu, M. Becerra
In the past twenty years, there has been a growing concern regarding the effect of space charge produced by glow corona on lightning attachment. Several studies have been reported in the literature to evaluate the generation and drift of space charge generated by glow corona from the top of high grounded objects under thunderstorm conditions, using one (1D) or two (2D) dimensional simulations. Unfortunately, the actual transition from glow corona to streamers cannot be numerically evaluated in these studies since the ionization layer was ignored. Thus, a fully 2D detailed evaluation of the glow corona to streamer transition in air is reported, which considers the non-equilibrium ionization layer around a scaled lightning rod. The transition criterion is obtained by changing the applied voltage with different rise rates (dV/dt) after a stable glow corona is formed. The discharge currents as well as the distributions of positive ions, electrons and electric field during the transition of glow corona to streamers are presented. Based on the simulation results, a case study regarding a real lighting rod under thunderstorms is performed. The analysis indicates that streamers can be incepted in the presence of glow corona from both the tip and body of lightning rods under the influence of distant downward stepped leaders.
近二十年来,辉光日冕产生的空间电荷对闪电附着的影响越来越受到人们的关注。文献中已经报道了几项研究,利用一维(1D)或二维(2D)模拟来评估雷暴条件下高接地物体顶部的辉光日冕产生的空间电荷的产生和漂移。不幸的是,在这些研究中,由于忽略了电离层,从辉光日冕到流光的实际转变无法进行数值评估。因此,在考虑尺度避雷针周围的非平衡电离层的情况下,对空气中光晕到流光的转变进行了全面的二维详细评价。在形成稳定的辉光电晕后,通过改变不同上升速率的外加电压(dV/dt)得到了过渡判据。给出了辉光电晕向流光转变过程中的放电电流以及正离子、电子和电场的分布。在此基础上,对雷暴条件下的实际避雷针进行了实例分析。分析表明,避雷针的尖端和体部在远处下台阶引线的影响下都有辉晕存在时,可以产生飘带。
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引用次数: 2
Ground impedance assessment employing earth measurements, numerical simulations, and analytical techniques 利用地球测量、数值模拟和分析技术进行地阻抗评估
Pub Date : 2015-11-30 DOI: 10.1109/SIPDA.2015.7339326
W. Valente, A. Raizer, V. L. Coelho, Carlos Iran Cardoso
This work aims to perform an analysis of different numerical and analytical prediction techniques for obtaining the impedance of grounding systems in power substations according to the Fall-of-Potential Method. A test field with 4 grounding meshes of different geometric configurations was implemented and used to evaluate the quality of the results obtained in this study. Two analytical models found in the technical literature (ABNT Standard and Laurent's equation) and four different methods of numerical simulation (TLM - transmission line method, FEM -finite elements method, PM - potential method, CEEE computing platform) were used to evaluate the phenomenon and estimate the grounding resistance for the 4 meshes of the test field. The numerical results are compared to results obtained in a series of measurement tests which employed megger and two types of surge generators, in order to provide an overall understanding of this problem.
本文的目的是分析不同的数值和解析预测技术,以获得变电站接地系统阻抗的降电位法。建立了一个具有4个不同几何配置接地网的试验场,用于评价研究结果的质量。采用技术文献中的两种解析模型(ABNT标准和Laurent方程)和四种不同的数值模拟方法(TLM -传输线法、FEM -有限元法、PM -电位法、CEEE计算平台)对该现象进行了评价,并估算了试验场4个网格的接地电阻。数值结果与采用兆欧表和两种浪涌发生器进行的一系列测量试验结果进行了比较,以便对这一问题有一个全面的了解。
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引用次数: 3
Characteristics of electric fields of upward negative stepped leaders 向上负阶跃引线的电场特性
Pub Date : 2015-11-30 DOI: 10.1109/SIPDA.2015.7339279
M. Azadifar, F. Rachidi, M. Rubinstein, M. Paolone, V. Rakov, D. Pavanello, S. Metz, C. Romero
We report simultaneous measurements of vertical electric fields and currents associated with positive flashes to the Säntis tower. The fields were measured at a distance of 14.7 km from the tower. All the data correspond to type-2 positive flashes characterized by currents with relatively slow rising portion on which oscillatory pulse trains, inferred to be due to an upward negative stepped leader, are superimposed. Bipolar electric field and current pulses associated with the upward negative stepped leader are examined and analyzed. The widths of the initial and second half cycles are found to be similar. The peak of the initial half cycle is found to be, on average, about twice as high as the peak of the second half cycle. A nearly linear correlation is found between the field peaks and associated current peaks.
我们同时向Säntis塔报告垂直电场和与正闪光相关的电流的测量结果。这些田地是在距离塔14.7公里处测量的。所有数据都对应于2型正闪,其特征是电流具有相对缓慢的上升部分,在其上叠加振荡脉冲序列,推断是由于向上的负阶跃先导引起的。研究并分析了与向上负阶跃引线相关的双极电场和电流脉冲。发现初始半周期和后半周期的宽度相似。发现初始半周期的峰值平均约为后半周期峰值的两倍。在场峰和相关的电流峰之间发现了近似线性的相关关系。
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引用次数: 5
Design and calibration of an atmospheric electric field sensor with wireless comunication 无线通信大气电场传感器的设计与标定
Pub Date : 2015-11-30 DOI: 10.1109/SIPDA.2015.7339334
R. Parizotto, A. Mesquita, R. W. Porto
The ability to evaluate the possibility of a lightning discharge is a important resource in making safety-related decisions, and enables the reduction of losses due to shutdowns in the energy sector, as well as other damages. The atmospheric electric field sensors are used to measure the magnitude of the electric field in a region between the earth and a storm cloud, and estimate how much the value of this field is approaching the threshold for an electric discharge. This paper presents the development of a sensor of electric field type EFM with two sets of 2-pole electrodes to the acquisition of differential current proportional to the electric field over the sensor. The data are sent in wireless way through a set of communication protocols called Zigbee, and are analyzed on an interface. The sensor calibration was performed using two conductive plates separated by a distance of 72.9 cm, by applying a DC voltage there between, producing an electric field theoretically known with normalized uncertainty. The prototype achieved through the method of validation the linearity between voltage on the plates, and the measured electric field with combined uncertainty for values greater than 593 V/m of 0.7% and for next values of 296 V/m of 1.1%, and a maximum expanded uncertainty of 2.2%.
评估雷击放电可能性的能力是制定安全相关决策的重要资源,能够减少能源部门关闭造成的损失以及其他损害。大气电场传感器用于测量地球和风暴云之间区域的电场大小,并估计该电场的值在多大程度上接近放电的阈值。本文介绍了一种采用两组两极电极采集与传感器上电场成正比的差分电流的电场型EFM传感器的研制。数据通过一套称为Zigbee的通信协议以无线方式发送,并在接口上进行分析。传感器校准使用两个相距72.9 cm的导电板,通过在两者之间施加直流电压,产生具有归一化不确定度的理论上已知的电场。该样机通过验证板上电压与测量电场之间的线性关系的方法,实现了大于593 V/m值的不确定度为0.7%,小于296 V/m值的不确定度为1.1%,最大扩展不确定度为2.2%。
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引用次数: 3
Some characteristics of leader pulses in positive cloud-to-ground flashes 云对地正闪前导脉冲的一些特性
Pub Date : 2015-11-30 DOI: 10.1109/SIPDA.2015.7339281
D. Johari, V. Cooray, P. Hettiarachchi, M. Rahman, M. Ismail
Compared to negative ground flashes, not much is known about the characteristics of leaders in positive ground flashes. This paper presents some characteristics of the electric field pulses observed during leader propagation in positive ground flashes. We analyzed in detail the electric field changes produced by 50 positive ground flashes during 2014 summer thunderstorms in Uppsala, Sweden. Pronounced leader pulses were observed in 22% of the cases. They were observed to occur 1.4 ms or less before the first return stroke. Interpulse duration ranged from 13.3 - 50.3 μs with a mean value of 24.7 μs. The largest relative amplitude ranged from 2.7 - 17.8 % of the return stroke peak. No dependence of the pulses occurrence were observed with distance. However, the relative amplitude were found to decrease with distance. The presence of these pulses suggests that the leaders propagate in a stepped manner. One case of positive ground flashes preceded by negative polarity pulses just before the return stroke is also reported.
与负地闪相比,我们对正地闪的领导者的特征知之甚少。本文介绍了正面地闪前导传播过程中所观察到的电场脉冲的一些特性。我们详细分析了2014年瑞典乌普萨拉夏季雷暴期间50次正地闪产生的电场变化。在22%的病例中观察到明显的先导脉冲。它们在第一次击球前1.4毫秒或更短时间内出现。脉冲间隔时间为13.3 ~ 50.3 μs,平均值为24.7 μs。最大相对振幅为回冲程峰值的2.7 ~ 17.8%。观察到脉冲的发生与距离无关。相对振幅随距离的增加而减小。这些脉冲的存在表明引子以阶梯式的方式传播。还报道了一个案例,即在回击前出现负极性脉冲的正接地闪光。
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引用次数: 0
On the use of homogeneous ground model for lightning-induced voltage calculation 用均匀接地模型计算雷击电压
Pub Date : 2015-11-30 DOI: 10.1109/SIPDA.2015.7339308
J. Paulino, Wallace Do C. Boaventura, Ivan Jose Da S. Lopes, Celio Fonseca Barbosa
Lightning induced voltages on aerial and underground lines depend on the ground resistivity. Most calculating methodologies were developed considering the ground as a homogeneous medium. However, actual ground is better represented if stratified into horizontal layers of different resistivity values. This paper proposes the use of a simplified expression for the calculation of the equivalent resistivity of a uniform ground that can represent a two-layer stratified ground in lightning induced voltage calculations. The analysis is made by comparing the results from a homogeneous ground having the equivalent resistivity value with results from two-layer ground. It is shown that, for the range of parameters considered, the absolute average and maximum errors on the induced voltage peak values are 2.9% and 8.2%, respectively. It is also shown that, with the equivalent resistivity, a peak-value formula developed for uniform ground could be used for the calculation of lightning induced voltages on lines above two-layer ground.
架空和地下线路上的雷击感应电压取决于地面电阻率。大多数计算方法都是将地面视为均匀介质而发展起来的。然而,如果将实际地面分层成不同电阻率值的水平层,则可以更好地表示实际地面。本文提出了在雷击电压计算中,用一种简化的表达式来计算能代表两层分层地的均匀地的等效电阻率。通过将具有等效电阻率值的均匀地层的结果与双层地层的结果进行对比分析。结果表明,在所考虑的参数范围内,感应电压峰值的绝对平均值和最大误差分别为2.9%和8.2%。利用等效电阻率,建立了均匀接地的峰值公式,可用于计算两层以上接地线路的雷击电压。
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引用次数: 2
Finite Antenna and Single Cell FDTD methods applied to near LEMP calculations 有限天线和单单元FDTD方法在近LEMP计算中的应用
Pub Date : 2015-11-30 DOI: 10.1109/SIPDA.2015.7339292
Carson W. I. McAfee, Kerren M. Ortlepp, K. Nixon
Two methods for modeling the electromagnetic fields near a lightning channel are considered. These methods can be used in evaluating the effect of a lightning electromagnetic pulse (LEMP) on a distribution line. The first method for evaluating LEMP fields in the time domain uses a Heidler function approximation for the channel base current in the classic Finite Antenna method. This approximation has an analytical integral solution which simplifies the field calculations. The second method is a combination of standard FDTD theory and the mathematics of the Finite Antenna method. The proposed Single Cell or Hybrid FDTD method is derived for spherical co-ordinates and tested against the Finite Antenna method. The results show that under simple modeling criteria both methods are valid for LEMP calculations near a lightning channel. The Single Cell FDTD method only evaluates a single FDTD cell, rather than an entire plane of cells described by the standard FDTD method. This greatly reduces the computational intensity, and makes the Single Cell FDTD method a valuable tool.
考虑了两种模拟闪电通道附近电磁场的方法。这些方法可用于评价雷电电磁脉冲对配电网的影响。在时域中评估LEMP场的第一种方法使用经典有限天线方法中通道基极电流的Heidler函数近似。这个近似有一个解析积分解,简化了场的计算。第二种方法是将标准时域有限差分理论与数学上的有限天线方法相结合。提出了单单元或混合时域有限差分法,并与有限天线法进行了对比试验。结果表明,在简单的建模准则下,这两种方法都适用于闪电通道附近的LEMP计算。单单元FDTD方法只计算单个FDTD单元,而不是标准FDTD方法所描述的整个单元平面。这大大降低了计算强度,使单细胞时域有限差分法成为一种有价值的工具。
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引用次数: 1
Lightning Disaster Risk assessment method in Colombia 哥伦比亚雷电灾害风险评估方法
Pub Date : 2015-11-30 DOI: 10.1109/SIPDA.2015.7339315
Daniel E. Villamil, F. Santamaria, Wilson Diaz
This paper presents a compilation of some of the educational methodologies proposed and implemented to promote and spread the lightning safety message within populations with particular characteristics, reviewing previous documentation from researches whose results and experiences have contributed to reach people with helpful information that can save their lives. Likewise, 10 lightning incidents (9 occurred in Colombia and 1 in Tanzania) are referenced and described including the conditions in which they happened. Then, a discussion is made about the current situation of Colombia in relation to lightning management, comparing the effectiveness of protection systems versus the lack of lightning prevention knowledge among Colombian people. Finally, the structure of the National System of Disaster Risk Management (SNGRD in Spanish) is presented, which is the foundation for the design and execution of lightning safety programs in the country.
本文介绍了一些提出和实施的教育方法的汇编,以促进和传播具有特定特征的人群中的闪电安全信息,回顾了以前的研究文件,其结果和经验有助于向人们提供有用的信息,可以挽救他们的生命。同样,引用并描述了10起闪电事件(9起发生在哥伦比亚,1起发生在坦桑尼亚),包括它们发生的条件。然后,讨论了哥伦比亚在雷电管理方面的现状,比较了防护系统的有效性和哥伦比亚人缺乏防雷知识的情况。最后,介绍了国家灾害风险管理系统(SNGRD)的结构,这是该国设计和执行雷电安全计划的基础。
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引用次数: 4
Behavior of the corona current in coaxial systems with negative corona under controlled pressure conditions 控制压力条件下负电晕同轴系统的电晕电流行为
Pub Date : 2015-11-25 DOI: 10.1109/SIPDA.2015.7339320
J. A. Alarcón, F. Santamaria, F. Roman
This paper studies the behavior of the corona effect in dry air and coaxial configuration for different pressure values. The study is conducted in a system of four parallel-connected coaxial cylinders placed inside a controlled pressure chamber. During the tests, DC current is measured through the coaxial system for various pressure values when a voltage, higher than the corona onset, is applied; then, a mathematical model that describes the behavior of the corona current as a function of pressure and applied voltage is obtained. The mathematical model accurately reproduces the behavior observed during the measurements.
本文研究了不同压力值下干空气和同轴结构下电晕效应的特性。该研究是在一个由四个平行连接的同轴圆柱体组成的系统中进行的,这些圆柱体放置在一个受控的压力室中。在测试过程中,当施加高于电晕起始电压的电压时,通过同轴系统测量各种压力值下的直流电流;然后,得到了描述电晕电流随压力和外加电压变化的数学模型。数学模型准确地再现了测量过程中观察到的行为。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
2015 International Symposium on Lightning Protection (XIII SIPDA)
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