Pub Date : 2019-04-18DOI: 10.1093/OSO/9780198836827.003.0019
Peter Bing
Chapter 19 examines how Palladas in his epigrams turned ecphrasis into a medium for contemplating the tension between the Greek literary and cultural heritage and the sociopolitical and religious environment of his own turbulent times; in the hands of Palladas, ecphrastic modes are adapted to describe the dire realities of an age when statues of Greek gods were defaced, demolished, recast, or reconfigured by Christians. While ecphrases traditionally evoke the stable and essential features of the images they describe and interpret, Palladas’ ecphrastic epigrams pointedly focus on their enforced transformation and altered circumstances. His ecphrases thus become melancholy reflections on change.
{"title":"Ecphrasis and Iconoclasm","authors":"Peter Bing","doi":"10.1093/OSO/9780198836827.003.0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OSO/9780198836827.003.0019","url":null,"abstract":"Chapter 19 examines how Palladas in his epigrams turned ecphrasis into a medium for contemplating the tension between the Greek literary and cultural heritage and the sociopolitical and religious environment of his own turbulent times; in the hands of Palladas, ecphrastic modes are adapted to describe the dire realities of an age when statues of Greek gods were defaced, demolished, recast, or reconfigured by Christians. While ecphrases traditionally evoke the stable and essential features of the images they describe and interpret, Palladas’ ecphrastic epigrams pointedly focus on their enforced transformation and altered circumstances. His ecphrases thus become melancholy reflections on change.","PeriodicalId":296664,"journal":{"name":"Greek Epigram from the Hellenistic to the Early Byzantine Era","volume":" 97","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113948939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-18DOI: 10.1093/OSO/9780198836827.003.0006
Annette Harder
Chapter 6 offers a diachronic study of Hellenistic epigram with a focus on the issues of thematic and generic variety and on the reception and ‘miniaturization’ of earlier poetic genres—particularly of small-scale poetry such as elegy, bucolic poetry and various kinds of erotic poetry, but also of didactic poetry—in Hellenistic epigram. The chapter finds that, although these developments are more obvious in later epigrammatists, their seeds can be found in Callimachus and other poets of his generation. The earlier generations still carried out their thematic and generic experiments largely within the framework of funeral, dedicatory, or ecphrastic and the new subgenre of erotic epigram, while later epigrammatists grew bolder and explored the possibilities of ‘miniaturization’ much further.
{"title":"Miniaturization of Earlier Poetry in Greek Epigrams","authors":"Annette Harder","doi":"10.1093/OSO/9780198836827.003.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OSO/9780198836827.003.0006","url":null,"abstract":"Chapter 6 offers a diachronic study of Hellenistic epigram with a focus on the issues of thematic and generic variety and on the reception and ‘miniaturization’ of earlier poetic genres—particularly of small-scale poetry such as elegy, bucolic poetry and various kinds of erotic poetry, but also of didactic poetry—in Hellenistic epigram. The chapter finds that, although these developments are more obvious in later epigrammatists, their seeds can be found in Callimachus and other poets of his generation. The earlier generations still carried out their thematic and generic experiments largely within the framework of funeral, dedicatory, or ecphrastic and the new subgenre of erotic epigram, while later epigrammatists grew bolder and explored the possibilities of ‘miniaturization’ much further.","PeriodicalId":296664,"journal":{"name":"Greek Epigram from the Hellenistic to the Early Byzantine Era","volume":"237 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121026722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-18DOI: 10.1093/OSO/9780198836827.003.0007
Charles S. Campbell
Chapter 7 examines the intricate ways in which Philodemus, Crinagoras, and Antipater of Thessalonica engage with the poetry of Callimachus and Leonidas of Tarentum. The chapter finds that the three epigrammatists of Philip’s Garland use these two Hellenistic predecessors as positive or negative models of poetic values and ethical outlooks, upon which they define their own authorial self-representations as Greek poets operating in the social world of Roman Italy. Using techniques of imitation and variation, these authors blend Callimachean and Leonidean models to distil a poetics and ethics defined by the ideal of simplicity (litotes). As this ideal is thematized by successive generations of epigrammatists, it became a part of the generic tissue of epigram.
{"title":"Variations on Simplicity","authors":"Charles S. Campbell","doi":"10.1093/OSO/9780198836827.003.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OSO/9780198836827.003.0007","url":null,"abstract":"Chapter 7 examines the intricate ways in which Philodemus, Crinagoras, and Antipater of Thessalonica engage with the poetry of Callimachus and Leonidas of Tarentum. The chapter finds that the three epigrammatists of Philip’s Garland use these two Hellenistic predecessors as positive or negative models of poetic values and ethical outlooks, upon which they define their own authorial self-representations as Greek poets operating in the social world of Roman Italy. Using techniques of imitation and variation, these authors blend Callimachean and Leonidean models to distil a poetics and ethics defined by the ideal of simplicity (litotes). As this ideal is thematized by successive generations of epigrammatists, it became a part of the generic tissue of epigram.","PeriodicalId":296664,"journal":{"name":"Greek Epigram from the Hellenistic to the Early Byzantine Era","volume":"435 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116404056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-18DOI: 10.1093/OSO/9780198836827.003.0004
Regina Höschele
Chapter 4 challenges the common view that Philip of Thessalonica was a second-rate editor in comparison to Meleager and illustrates, on the basis of select examples, the intricacy of his design. The alphabetical organization of his Garland, long thought to be purely mechanical, is shown to be a technical constraint that the author imposed upon himself so as to outdo the achievements of his predecessor: Within this external framework, Philip employed subtler modes of arrangement similar to Meleager’s editorial technique: juxtaposition of model and variation; interweaving of epigrams anchored in thematic, structural, verbal, or intertextual links; epigrammatic pairs or series on the same topic distributed across the collection; and clusters on key themes within individual letter groups.
{"title":"A Garland of Freshly Grown Flowers","authors":"Regina Höschele","doi":"10.1093/OSO/9780198836827.003.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OSO/9780198836827.003.0004","url":null,"abstract":"Chapter 4 challenges the common view that Philip of Thessalonica was a second-rate editor in comparison to Meleager and illustrates, on the basis of select examples, the intricacy of his design. The alphabetical organization of his Garland, long thought to be purely mechanical, is shown to be a technical constraint that the author imposed upon himself so as to outdo the achievements of his predecessor: Within this external framework, Philip employed subtler modes of arrangement similar to Meleager’s editorial technique: juxtaposition of model and variation; interweaving of epigrams anchored in thematic, structural, verbal, or intertextual links; epigrammatic pairs or series on the same topic distributed across the collection; and clusters on key themes within individual letter groups.","PeriodicalId":296664,"journal":{"name":"Greek Epigram from the Hellenistic to the Early Byzantine Era","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132192499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-18DOI: 10.1093/OSO/9780198836827.003.0009
R. Hunter
Chapter 9 explores the interrelationship between literary and inscriptional epigram, principally through a study of GV 1159 = SGO 03/05/04, a poem from imperial Notion on a young boy who drowned in a well. The analysis pays particular attention to versification, narrative technique, the characterization of the boy’s speaking voice and language, and explores the poem’s use of AP 7.170 (attributed to Posidippus or Callimachus) as a way of enfolding the drowned boy within literary tradition. Attention is also paid to the debt of the epitaphic tradition both to Homer and to the Homeric Hymn to Demeter. The analysis sheds light on what important features at stake in the attempt to distinguish between ‘literary’ and ‘non-literary’ epigram.
{"title":"Death of a Child","authors":"R. Hunter","doi":"10.1093/OSO/9780198836827.003.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OSO/9780198836827.003.0009","url":null,"abstract":"Chapter 9 explores the interrelationship between literary and inscriptional epigram, principally through a study of GV 1159 = SGO 03/05/04, a poem from imperial Notion on a young boy who drowned in a well. The analysis pays particular attention to versification, narrative technique, the characterization of the boy’s speaking voice and language, and explores the poem’s use of AP 7.170 (attributed to Posidippus or Callimachus) as a way of enfolding the drowned boy within literary tradition. Attention is also paid to the debt of the epitaphic tradition both to Homer and to the Homeric Hymn to Demeter. The analysis sheds light on what important features at stake in the attempt to distinguish between ‘literary’ and ‘non-literary’ epigram.","PeriodicalId":296664,"journal":{"name":"Greek Epigram from the Hellenistic to the Early Byzantine Era","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130772742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-18DOI: 10.1093/OSO/9780198836827.003.0002
J. W. Day
Chapter 2 argues that literary epigrams that represent the process of reading an inscription provide evidence for the reading of inscribed epigrams in pre-Hellenistic times. Epigrams of all periods ‘project’ readings (and viewings): composers imagined reading as a speech situation in front of the inscribed object, and they wrote features of that situation into the text so as to fit or guide future readings. Two such features are deixis construed to fit vocal readings and description of the object intended to guide viewers’ responses, thus a projection of reading that complements viewing. This chapter examines deixis (first-person and dialogic) and description (ecphrastic dialogues and lists of dedicated objects) in literary epigrams that represent the projection of reading as successful, that is, an inscription being read. The chapter argues that, in comparable ways, formally similar projections in older inscribed epigram were meant to, and regularly did, fit or guide reading.
{"title":"Reading Inscriptions in Literary Epigram","authors":"J. W. Day","doi":"10.1093/OSO/9780198836827.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OSO/9780198836827.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"Chapter 2 argues that literary epigrams that represent the process of reading an inscription provide evidence for the reading of inscribed epigrams in pre-Hellenistic times. Epigrams of all periods ‘project’ readings (and viewings): composers imagined reading as a speech situation in front of the inscribed object, and they wrote features of that situation into the text so as to fit or guide future readings. Two such features are deixis construed to fit vocal readings and description of the object intended to guide viewers’ responses, thus a projection of reading that complements viewing. This chapter examines deixis (first-person and dialogic) and description (ecphrastic dialogues and lists of dedicated objects) in literary epigrams that represent the projection of reading as successful, that is, an inscription being read. The chapter argues that, in comparable ways, formally similar projections in older inscribed epigram were meant to, and regularly did, fit or guide reading.","PeriodicalId":296664,"journal":{"name":"Greek Epigram from the Hellenistic to the Early Byzantine Era","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131224595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198836827.003.0010
S. Barbantani
Chapter 10 studies Hellenistic and Roman military epitaphs and addresses a number of interconnected issues: the unpopularity of epitaphs for individual soldiers in the Greek Anthology (only a dozen of such epigrams are present, leaving side fictitious pieces for literary or historical figures); the near absence of inscribed epitaphs in literary sources, despite the fact that they are often of good literary quality; and the question of their authorship: there is no evidence that any epigrammatist known from the Greek Anthology also acted as a professional writer of military epitaphs, as Simonides did. Epitaphs for common soldiers were usually commissioned to professional poets, most of whom now remain anonymous; in some cases the deceased, especially when he presents himself as a veteran belonging to the local elite, may have had his say on the contents and form of his future epitaph.
{"title":"Hellenistic and Roman Military Epitaphs on Stone and on Papyrus","authors":"S. Barbantani","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198836827.003.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198836827.003.0010","url":null,"abstract":"Chapter 10 studies Hellenistic and Roman military epitaphs and addresses a number of interconnected issues: the unpopularity of epitaphs for individual soldiers in the Greek Anthology (only a dozen of such epigrams are present, leaving side fictitious pieces for literary or historical figures); the near absence of inscribed epitaphs in literary sources, despite the fact that they are often of good literary quality; and the question of their authorship: there is no evidence that any epigrammatist known from the Greek Anthology also acted as a professional writer of military epitaphs, as Simonides did. Epitaphs for common soldiers were usually commissioned to professional poets, most of whom now remain anonymous; in some cases the deceased, especially when he presents himself as a veteran belonging to the local elite, may have had his say on the contents and form of his future epitaph.","PeriodicalId":296664,"journal":{"name":"Greek Epigram from the Hellenistic to the Early Byzantine Era","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121063426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198836827.003.0005
K. Demoen
Chapter 5 focuses on marginal texts in manuscripts that have (mainly) authors and their work as their subject (‘book epigrams’). The chapter examines their paratextual status as pieces dependent on and ancillary to a main text, which they present to the readers, shaping and influencing their expectations and reading by offering them explanation, interpretation, and advice on how to read. This status, it is argued, should be taken into account in the treatment of these epigrams in modern editions of the Greek Anthology. But the chapter also stresses their ‘fluidity’: literary transmission turns them from paratexts into texts, while variations of the same book epigram can fulfil unexpected functions.
{"title":"Epigrams on Authors and Books as Text and Paratext","authors":"K. Demoen","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198836827.003.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198836827.003.0005","url":null,"abstract":"Chapter 5 focuses on marginal texts in manuscripts that have (mainly) authors and their work as their subject (‘book epigrams’). The chapter examines their paratextual status as pieces dependent on and ancillary to a main text, which they present to the readers, shaping and influencing their expectations and reading by offering them explanation, interpretation, and advice on how to read. This status, it is argued, should be taken into account in the treatment of these epigrams in modern editions of the Greek Anthology. But the chapter also stresses their ‘fluidity’: literary transmission turns them from paratexts into texts, while variations of the same book epigram can fulfil unexpected functions.","PeriodicalId":296664,"journal":{"name":"Greek Epigram from the Hellenistic to the Early Byzantine Era","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129963160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198836827.003.0008
S. Beta
Chapter 8 deals with the riddling epigrams of Book 14 of the Greek Anthology and discusses the common methods employed by the poets to disguise the solution of the aenigmata. It traces the origins of some riddles, together with their specific techniques, back to comedy and contextualizes the epigrams within the Greek and Latin ‘riddling tradition’. The comparative study of the most relevant sources (the Greek Anthology, Athenaeus’ Deipnosophists, and some manuscripts whose content still needs to be explored) leads to the conclusion that the Byzantine poets who composed riddling epigrams (Cristopher of Mytilene, John Mauropous, John Geometres, Michael Psellus, Basil Megalomytes, and Eustathius Macrembolites) could have been inspired by lost anthologies of riddles composed at different periods.
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