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Structural-phase state of the surface layer of low-carbon steel after electrolytic-plasma modification 电解等离子体改性后低碳钢表层的组织相态
IF 0.1 Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.26577/rcph.2021.v78.i3.08
K. Kombaev, D.S. Elamanov, A. Kassenova, D.S. Kamzin, G.M. Toktarbaeva
An alternative technology of strengthening by electrolytic­plasma modification of low­carbon alloy steel for the wedge columns binding for stop valves has been developed. The processing of steel 20X samples was carried out on an experimental installation, the optimal processing modes were determined experimentally. Simulation of the treated surface makes it possible to assume that during the electrolytic­plasma heating of parts, along with quenching, chemical modification of the metal surface layers oc­curs. The volt­temperature characteristic with the superposition of real time on the proposed processing clearly shows a significant reduction in the time for hardening, relative to traditional hardening methods of similar steel. Also, energy consumption and, accordingly, the cost of the part and the product as a whole are significantly reduced. Electrolyte­plasma modification promotes the transformation of coarse­grained pearlite­ferrite microstructure into quenched martensite. An increase in hardness relative to the initial state indicates an increase in physical and mechanical properties after electrolyte­plasma treat­ment. The advantage of the method of electrolytic­plasma treatment consists in low energy consumption at high quenching rates, the possibility of local surface treatment; there are prerequisites for creating a semi­industrial installation for an alternative electrolyte­plasma hardening.
提出了一种采用电等离子体改性低碳合金钢对截止阀楔柱结合件进行强化的替代技术。在实验装置上对20X钢试样进行了加工,实验确定了最佳加工方式。对处理表面的模拟可以假设,在电解等离子体加热零件的过程中,随着淬火,金属表面层发生了化学改性。与同类钢的传统硬化方法相比,所提出的加工过程中实时叠加的电压-温度特性清楚地表明,硬化时间显著缩短。此外,能源消耗,相应地,零件和产品作为一个整体的成本大大降低。电解等离子体改性促进了粗晶珠光体-铁素体组织向淬火马氏体的转变。相对于初始状态硬度的增加表明电解等离子体处理后物理和机械性能的增加。电等离子体处理方法的优点是在高淬火速率下能耗低,可以进行局部表面处理;创建用于替代电解等离子体硬化的半工业装置有先决条件。
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引用次数: 0
Calculation of doubly heavy baryons decay 双重子衰变的计算
IF 0.1 Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.26577/rcph.2021.v78.i3.01
Z. Tyulemissov, A. Issadykov, A. Bekbaev, D. Aznabaev, K. Nurlan
We calculated a subclass of four nonleptonic two-body weak decays of the double charm baryon ground states Ξcc++. Nonleptonic decays can be dividedinto two group: factorizable and nonfactorizable decays. The first one can be easily calculated from first principles. Therefore, its good example understands all pros and cons of a model. We focused on a weak two-body nonleptonic decay consists only fromthe factorizing contribution precluding a contamination from W-exchange. We use the covariant confined quark model previously developed by us to calculate the various helicity amplitudes which describe the dynamics of the transition induced by the Cabibbo-favored effective currents. Achievement of CCQM is that only size parameter Λvarying can describe all tree diagrams of nonleptonic decay. We then proceed to calculate the rates of the decay. The rates, branching ratios and helicity amplitude were calculated using dimensionless invariant form factors. Also, we calculated leptonic constant for scalar and vector mesons which has good agreement with experimental data. There isn’t any experimental data about the decay so we waiting for new experimental observation in the heavy baryon sector.
我们计算了双魅力重子基态的四个非轻子二体弱衰变的一个子类。非轻子衰变可分为两组:可因子分解衰变和非因子分解衰变。第一个可以很容易地根据第一性原理进行计算。因此,它的好例子理解了模型的所有优点和缺点。我们关注的是一个弱的两体非轻子衰变,它只由排除W交换污染的因子贡献组成。我们使用我们以前开发的协变受限夸克模型来计算各种螺旋度振幅,这些振幅描述了由Cabibbo有利有效电流引起的跃迁的动力学。CCQM的成就是,只有尺寸参数∧变化才能描述所有非轻子衰变的树状图。然后我们继续计算衰变率。使用无量纲不变形式因子计算速率、分支比和螺旋度幅度。此外,我们还计算了标量介子和矢量介子的轻子常数,这与实验数据有很好的一致性。目前还没有任何关于衰变的实验数据,所以我们正在等待重重子区的新实验观测。
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引用次数: 0
S and X band patch antenna for CubeSat nanosatellites 立方体卫星纳米卫星的S和X波段贴片天线
IF 0.1 Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.26577/rcph.2021.v78.i3.10
N. Meirambekuly, B. Karibayev, A. Temirbayev, A. Imanbayeva
The CubeSat concept has become very popular with both university groups and researchers, space agencies, governments and companies. CubeSat offers a fast and affordable way for a wide range of stakeholders to be active in space. Due to the high degree of modularity and widespread use of off­the­shelf commercial subsystems, CubeSat projects can be prepared for flight much faster than using traditional satellite schedules usually within one to two years. In this paper, we have considered a model of an S and X band patch antenna for CubeSat nanosatellites in the field of Earth remote sensing (ERS). The antenna dimensions were determined and designed according to the dimensions of the small spacecraft. The shape of the emitting part was formed using a geometric fractal with an anisotropic structure. Using the CST Microwave Studio software package, the electro­dynamic, frequency characteristics and directional properties of the antenna were determined. The results of computer simulations demonstrate that the developed antenna concept has a multi­band property and meets all the parameters that are necessary for receiving and transmitting data in the S and X bands. It was also found that the anisotropic fractal structure allows the antenna to have several operating frequencies.
立方体卫星的概念在大学团体和研究人员、航天机构、政府和公司中都很受欢迎。CubeSat为广泛的利益相关者提供了一种快速、实惠的太空活动方式。由于高度模块化和现成商业子系统的广泛使用,CubeSat项目的飞行准备速度比使用传统卫星时间表快得多,通常在一到两年内。在本文中,我们考虑了地球遥感领域中立方体卫星纳米卫星的S和X波段贴片天线模型。天线尺寸是根据小型航天器的尺寸确定和设计的。发射部分的形状是使用具有各向异性结构的几何分形形成的。使用CST Microwave Studio软件包,确定了天线的电动态、频率特性和方向特性。计算机仿真结果表明,所开发的天线概念具有多波段特性,满足在S和X波段接收和传输数据所需的所有参数。还发现各向异性分形结构允许天线具有几个工作频率。
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引用次数: 0
Scroll compressor. Analysis of calculation methods 涡旋压缩机。计算方法分析
IF 0.1 Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.26577/rcph.2021.v78.i3.04
A. Kovanov, D. Zhignovskaya, V. Tsvetkov, V. Pronin
The paper deals with some aspects of mathematical modeling of a scroll compressor. Various approaches to modeling the working processes of machines of the volumetric compression principle, their applied value and priority of use are presented. An analytical review of the methods for calculating the leakage of a compressed medium, applied to a scroll compressor, taking into account the classification of slots, is carried out. Conclusions are made about the need to clarify the assumptions and improve this technique by taking into account the fact of the mobility of the walls of the gap, depending on the share of the influence of various factors on the leakage of the compressed medium. And also about the influence of this fact on the accuracy of calculations and the optimal choice of the operating mode of the compressor. Examples are given in which taking this condition into account in the transformed systems of equations will improve the accuracy in applied calculations of the working processes of spiral machines, when designing new samples.
本文讨论了涡旋压缩机数学建模的一些方面。介绍了根据体积压缩原理对机器工作过程进行建模的各种方法、它们的应用价值和使用优先级。对应用于涡旋压缩机的压缩介质泄漏计算方法进行了分析综述,其中考虑了槽的分类。得出的结论是,需要澄清假设,并通过考虑间隙壁的流动性这一事实来改进这一技术,这取决于各种因素对压缩介质泄漏的影响份额。以及这一事实对计算精度和压缩机运行模式的最佳选择的影响。举例说明,在设计新样本时,在转换的方程组中考虑这一条件将提高螺旋机械工作过程的应用计算精度。
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引用次数: 0
Vibrational spectroscopy of thin film condensates of ethanol mixture with inert gase 乙醇与惰性气体混合物薄膜凝聚物的振动光谱
IF 0.1 Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.26577/rcph.2021.v78.i3.03
A. Aldiyarov, D. Sokolov, A. Tychengulova, D. Yerezhep
It is known that by changing the concentration in an inert medium, it is possible to form clusters of various sizes of any substance by condensing them on a cold substrate from the gas phase. Traditionally, such systems are presented by molecular cryocrystals. This paper demonstrates the results of IR spectro­metric studies of cryovacuum condensates of ethanol mixture with nitrogen. The main task of this study is to explain the complex, most often, ambiguous behavior of thin films of ethanol cryovacuum conden­sates in the process of its co­condensation with nitrogen. For this purpose, vibrational spectroscopy of cryodeposited thin films of “ethanol in nitrogen” mixtures in various concentration ratios was performed. The objects of research are thin films of cryocondensates of ethanol mixture with inert gas (N2). The sam­ples were condensed at the temperature T = 16 K. The pressure of the gas phase of the mixture during cryocondensation was kept at P = 10­5 Torr. The range of ethanol concentrations in the mixtures varied from 3% to 90%. The spectral range of measurements was considered in 400­-4200 1/cm. It is assumed that the change in the concentration of ethanol in the mixture leads to the formation of various cluster compositions of ethanol molecules dissolved in an inert medium.
众所周知,通过改变惰性介质中的浓度,可以通过将任何物质从气相冷凝到冷基底上而形成各种大小的团簇。传统上,这种系统是由分子冷冻晶体提供的。本文展示了乙醇与氮气混合物的低温真空冷凝物的红外光谱研究结果。本研究的主要任务是解释乙醇低温真空条件下薄膜在与氮气共缩合过程中的复杂、最常见的模糊行为。为此,对不同浓度比的“氮中乙醇”混合物的冷冻沉积薄膜进行了振动光谱分析。研究对象是乙醇与惰性气体(N2)混合物的冷凝物薄膜。样品在温度T=16K下冷凝。在冷冻冷凝过程中,混合物的气相压力保持在P=10-5Torr。混合物中乙醇浓度的范围从3%到90%不等。测量的光谱范围考虑为400­-4200 1/cm。假设混合物中乙醇浓度的变化导致溶解在惰性介质中的乙醇分子的各种团簇组成的形成。
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引用次数: 0
STUDY OF PHASE FORMATION IN FE2O3-ND2O3→NDFEO3/FE2O3 NANOCOMPOSITES AS A RESULT OF THERMAL ANNEALING fe3o3和fe3o3相形成的研究→ndfe3/FE2O3纳米复合材料的热退火研究
IF 0.1 Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.26577/rcph.2021.v78.i3.05
K. Egizbek, K. Kadyrzhanov
The aim of this work is systematic study of the thermal annealing effect on the preparation of nanostructured composites NdFeO3/Fe2O3 with a spinel type structure. The interest in these nano­composites is due to the enormous potential of their application as a basis for magnetic devices, catalysts, and magnetic carriers for targeted drug delivery. As a synthesis method, two­stage syn­thesis was used, which includes mechanochemical grinding of nanopowders Fe2O3 and Nd2O3 in a planetary mill, followed by thermal annealing of the resulting mixture in a wide temperature range: 600­1000°C. During the studies carried out, it was found that in the initial state the obtained nano­composites are a mixture of a solid solution of interstitial and substitutional Fe2O3 and Nd2O3. At an annealing temperature of 600°C, the onset of the formation of the NdFeO3 phase is observed, which at a temperature of 1000°C is fully formed and dominates in the composite structure (content more than 85%). It was also found that during thermal sintering, the processes of phase transformations of the Fe2O3­Nd2O3→NdFeO3/Fe2O3 type are accompanied by an increase in the particle size by a factor of 1.5­2
本文系统研究了热退火对制备尖晶石型纳米结构NdFeO3/Fe2O3复合材料的影响。对这些纳米复合材料的兴趣是由于它们作为磁性装置、催化剂和靶向药物递送磁性载体的基础的巨大潜力。作为一种合成方法,采用两阶段合成,包括在行星磨机中对纳米粉末Fe2O3和Nd2O3进行机械化学研磨,然后在600-1000°C的宽温度范围内对所得混合物进行热退火。在研究过程中发现,在初始状态下,得到的纳米复合材料是Fe2O3和Nd2O3的间隙和取代固溶体的混合物。在600℃的退火温度下,观察到NdFeO3相开始形成,在1000℃的退火温度下,NdFeO3相完全形成,在复合结构中占主导地位(含量大于85%)。在热烧结过程中,Fe2O3 - nd2o3→NdFeO3/Fe2O3型的相变过程伴随着晶粒尺寸的增大,增大幅度为1.5 ~ 2倍
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引用次数: 0
Investigation of the scattering of electrons by ions in the plasma of inertial confinement fusion in a magnetic field 磁场中惯性约束聚变等离子体中离子对电子散射的研究
IF 0.1 Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.26577/rcph.2021.v78.i3.02
M. K. Issanova, S. Kodanova, N. Bastykova, A. Kenzhebekova
In this paper, the processes of electron-ion scattering in the plasma of inertial confinement fusion in a magnetic field were studied. The proposed model for studying the processes of scattering between charged particles is based on solving the equation of motion in a central field taking into account the external magnetic field, as well as the Coulomb logarithm, which is determined using the scattering angle in a pair collision. Collisions between an electron and an ion that interact via the Yukawa potential were investigated. Also, the Coulomb logarithm in a dense plasma in a magnetic field was calculated. The effect of taking into account the magnetic field on the scattering angles, the scattering cross-section and the Coulomb logarithm are studied. From the results obtained, it is established that taking into account the magnetic field led to a non-monotonic change in the scattering angle and a decrease in the scattering cross-section for weak particle interactions. It is also revealed that for large values of the interaction parameterβ, the magnetic field does not affect the value of the Coulomb logarithm. Thus, the obtained results allow us to study the effect of taking into account the magnetic field on the processes of electron scattering on an ion in the approximation of pair collisions in an external constant magnetic field in a dense plasma.
本文研究了磁场中惯性约束聚变等离子体中电子-离子散射的过程。所提出的研究带电粒子之间散射过程的模型是基于求解考虑外部磁场的中心场中的运动方程,以及库仑对数,库仑对数是使用对碰撞中的散射角确定的。研究了电子和离子之间通过汤川势相互作用的碰撞。此外,还计算了磁场中稠密等离子体中的库仑对数。研究了考虑磁场对散射角、散射截面和库仑对数的影响。根据所获得的结果,可以确定,对于弱粒子相互作用,考虑磁场会导致散射角的非单调变化和散射截面的减小。研究还表明,对于相互作用参数β的大值,磁场不会影响库仑对数的值。因此,所获得的结果使我们能够研究在稠密等离子体中的外部恒定磁场中,在近似成对碰撞的情况下,考虑磁场对离子上电子散射过程的影响。
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引用次数: 1
АССМОТРЕНИЕ ВЛИЯНИЯ САМОАГРЕГИРОВАНИЯ В НАНОРАЗМЕРНЫХ КЛАСТЕРАХ CDS 纳米CDS集群中自聚合效应的研究
IF 0.1 Pub Date : 2021-08-26 DOI: 10.26577/rcph.2021.v78.i3.06
A.M. Assilbekova, A.A. Aldongarov, I.S. Irgibaeva
Quantum dots, such as cadmium sulfide (CdS), are semiconductor nanocrystals that possess unique optical properties, including wide­range excitation, size­tunable narrow emission spectra and high pho­tostability. The size and composition of quantum dots can be varied to obtain the desired emission prop­erties and make them suitable for various optical and biomedical applications. In this article, the effect of self­aggregation on the electronic absorption spectra and on the dipole moment in CdS nanoparticles is considered using computer modeling methods based on the density functional tight­binding (DFTB). The object of the study is four CdS structures and two models of an aggregated dimer for each cluster. The construction of dimers of cadmium sulfide clusters showed that a higher level of passivation can be achieved in comparison with the initial monomers. In this case, the construction of dimers should occur along the direction of the dipole moment of the monomer in order to minimize it. Therefore, it can be assumed that the dipole moment plays a key role in the formation of trap states in nanosized clusters of cadmium sulfide, and the problem of passivation is reduced to minimizing the dipole moment.
量子点,如硫化镉(CdS),是一种半导体纳米晶体,具有独特的光学性质,包括宽范围激发、尺寸可调的窄发射光谱和高光稳定性。量子点的尺寸和组成可以改变,以获得所需的发射特性,并使其适用于各种光学和生物医学应用。在本文中,使用基于密度泛函紧密结合(DFTB)的计算机建模方法,考虑了自聚集对CdS纳米颗粒的电子吸收光谱和偶极矩的影响。研究的对象是四个CdS结构和每个簇的两个聚集二聚体模型。硫化镉簇的二聚体的构建表明,与初始单体相比,可以实现更高水平的钝化。在这种情况下,二聚体的构建应该沿着单体的偶极矩的方向进行,以使其最小化。因此,可以假设偶极矩在硫化镉纳米团簇中陷阱态的形成中起着关键作用,并且钝化问题被减少到使偶极矩最小化。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of inductance on the parameters of the plasma focus in a pulsed coaxial accelerator 电感对脉冲同轴加速器等离子体聚焦参数的影响
IF 0.1 Pub Date : 2021-06-15 DOI: 10.26577/rcph.2021.v78.i3.07
B. Useinov, A. Solodovnik, S. Zhumabayeva
Based on the physical analysis of the processes occurring in pulsed plasma accelerators, the pos­sibility of their use for the creation and study of a plasma focus is justified. In particular, the influence of inductance on the parameters of the plasma focus in kilojoule­range «Plasma focus» (PF) installations created on the basis of a pulsed coaxial accelerator is studied. An equivalent installation scheme is proposed and justified, based on the analysis of which the influence of the inductance of the circuit and the capacitance of the capacitor bank on the value of the maximum current and neutron output is analyzed, without taking into account the parameters of the spark gap and the conducting wires. Based on the theoretical estimate of the inductance of the installation, its most probable value is calculated. . It turned out that in the installations of the considered energy range, the inductance is approximately 7.5•10­7 Gn and depends on the capacitance of the capacitor bank. On the contrary, in installations with megajoule energy, the inductance does not depend on the number and capacity of capacitors, so that an increase in the latter does not affect the increase in current strength. Experimental and theoretical dependences of the discharge current on the applied voltage at different capacitances of the capacitor bank are obtained. A comparative analysis of theoretical and experimental current waveforms is pre­sented. The greatest coincidence of theoretical and experimental results was found for the duration of the discharge pulse T = 30 microseconds.
基于对脉冲等离子体加速器中发生的过程的物理分析,证明了它们用于创建和研究等离子体焦点的可能性。特别是,研究了电感对基于脉冲同轴加速器创建的千焦范围“等离子体聚焦”(PF)装置中等离子体聚焦参数的影响。在此基础上,在不考虑火花隙和导线参数的情况下,分析了电路电感和电容器组电容对最大电流和中子输出值的影响,提出并论证了等效安装方案。根据对装置电感的理论估计,计算出其最可能值。事实证明,在所考虑的能量范围内的安装中,电感约为7.5•10­7 Gn,取决于电容器组的电容。相反,在具有兆焦能量的装置中,电感不取决于电容器的数量和容量,因此电容器的增加不会影响电流强度的增加。获得了在电容器组的不同电容下放电电流对施加电压的实验和理论依赖关系。对理论电流波形和实验电流波形进行了比较分析。理论和实验结果的最大一致性是在放电脉冲T=30微秒的持续时间内发现的。
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引用次数: 0
Measuring the self-generated magnetic field and the velocity of plasma flow in a pulsed plasma accelerator 脉冲等离子体加速器中自生磁场和等离子体流动速度的测量
IF 0.1 Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.26577/rcph.2021.v77.i2.04
A. Tazhen, M. Dosbolayev
The magnetic probe dimensions are following: coil diameter is 2,12 mm, number of turns is 7, copper wire diameter is 150 μ m, and winding length is 1, 1 mm. The coil inductance is about 0,113 μ H and the temporal resolution of the magnetic probe is 2,3 ns. The magnetic probe was calibrated using a Hall sensor on the magnetic field of a multi-layered solenoid connected to an alternating power source of 15 A. Thus, the evaluated measurement error of the probe was no more than 10%.
磁探头尺寸要求:线圈直径为2.12mm,匝数为7匝,铜线直径为150 μ m,绕组长度为1.1 mm。线圈电感约为0,113 μ H,磁探头的时间分辨率为2,3 ns。磁探头使用霍尔传感器在多层螺线管的磁场上进行校准,该螺线管连接到15 a的交流电源。因此,所评估的探头测量误差不大于10%。
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引用次数: 1
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