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Theoretical and Methodological Substantiation of the Assessment and Development of Logistics Infrastructure 物流基础设施评价与发展的理论与方法实证
Pub Date : 2023-02-10 DOI: 10.21122/2227-1031-2023-23-1-69-78
R. Ivut, P. Popov, P. I. Lapkovskaya, S. V. Prokopov
The paper presents the research results in the field of theoretical and methodological substantiation of the assessment and development of a logistics infrastructure that can operate at various levels, including regional and national. The analysis carried out has made it possible to divide all assessment methods into two groups: those based on expert assessments and those based on quantitative data. As expert methods for assessing the logistics infrastructure, such international approaches were studied as  LPI index (Logistics Performance Index); global competitiveness index; TTCI index (Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index), where “Infrastructure” subindex includes indicators related to both the main component of the logistics infrastructure (related to the activities of air and rail transport, as well as the quality of air and ground infrastructure), and to the supporting one (number of hotel rooms, car rental companies, ATMs), as well as the annual rating of World competitiveness of the countries of the world (IMD World Competitiveness Ranking); index of involvement of countries in international trade (ETI); methodology for assessing the quality of transport infrastructure, developed by the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation within the framework of the program “Development of the transport system”. Studies have shown that there are few works using quantitative methods for assessing the logistics infrastructure, for example: a method for a comprehensive assessment of the transport infrastructure of a region by A. M. Kudryavtsev and L. N. Rudneva, Yu. V. Kataev’s method for a multi-level assessment of the development of transport infrastructure, methodology for assessing the attractiveness of the region’s logistics infrastructure for accommodating key objects of the warehouse and transport network developed by A. N. Rakhmangulov and O. A. Kopylova, researches of F. Carlucci. While preparing plans for the development of logistics infrastructure, it is proposed to use existing approaches, combining expert and quantitative assessment methods.
本文介绍了在评估和发展物流基础设施的理论和方法实证领域的研究成果,该基础设施可以在包括区域和国家在内的各个层面上运作。所进行的分析使得可以将所有评估方法分为两组:基于专家评估的方法和基于定量数据的方法。作为评价物流基础设施的专家方法,国际上研究的方法有:物流绩效指数(LPI);全球竞争力指数;TTCI指数(旅游业竞争力指数),在“基础设施”分指数包括指标相关的物流基础设施的主要成分(空气和铁路运输的相关活动,以及质量的空中和地面基础设施),并支持(酒店客房数量、汽车租赁公司、atm机),以及世界竞争力年度评级的国家(IMD世界竞争力排名);各国参与国际贸易指数;俄罗斯联邦运输部在“发展运输系统”方案框架内制定的运输基础设施质量评估方法。研究表明,很少有工作使用定量方法来评估物流基础设施,例如:a . M. Kudryavtsev和L. N. Rudneva, Yu的一种对一个地区的运输基础设施进行综合评估的方法。V. Kataev的运输基础设施发展多层次评估方法,a . N. Rakhmangulov和O. a . Kopylova开发的用于容纳仓库和运输网络关键对象的区域物流基础设施吸引力评估方法,F. Carlucci的研究。在制定物流基础设施发展规划时,建议采用现有的方法,将专家评估方法与定量评估方法相结合。
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引用次数: 0
Acoustic Method for Recording Initial Deformation Rate at High-Speed Forging of Rod Products 记录棒材高速锻件初始变形速率的声学方法
Pub Date : 2023-02-09 DOI: 10.21122/2227-1031-2023-23-1-20-26
K. Y. Bykov, I. V. Kachanov, S. A. Lenkevich, V. V. Vlasov
An acoustic methodology  has been developed and expression have been obtained for determining the initial deformation rate v0 during high-speed forging of rod products. The most rational layout of the recording device relative tothe installation elements has been established while using the obtained expressions. The essence of the developed technique lies in recording, using a recording device, sound waves generated during the departure of the impactor from the shaft of the installation and its further collision with the shaping punch, followed by finding the time ∆t during which the impactor travels the distance L between two known points of its trajectory. In turn, the value ∆t is defined as the difference between the recording time of the sound wave generated by the departure of the impactor from the shaft of the installation, and the recording time of the sound wave generated by the collision of the impactor with the shaping punch. The initial deformation rate, registered using the developed technique during the implementation of the process of high-speed forging of rod products, was v0 = 115.46 m/s.
本文提出了一种确定棒材产品高速锻造初始变形速率v0的声学方法,并给出了该方法的表达式。利用所得到的表达式,确定了记录装置相对于安装元件的最合理布局。所开发的技术的实质在于使用记录装置记录冲击器离开装置轴和与成形冲床进一步碰撞时产生的声波,然后求出时间∆t,在此期间冲击器在其轨迹的两个已知点之间移动距离L。∆t定义为冲击器离开安装轴所产生的声波记录时间与冲击器与定型冲头碰撞所产生的声波记录时间之差。在棒材产品高速锻造过程中,采用所开发的技术记录的初始变形速率为v0 = 115.46 m/s。
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引用次数: 0
Structure and Properties of Black Ceramic MAO Coatings on Aluminum Alloys
Pub Date : 2023-02-09 DOI: 10.21122/2227-1031-2023-23-1-27-33
Y. Aliakseyeu, A. Korolyov, V. Niss, A. S. Budnitskiy
The existing processes for obtaining black wear-resistant coatings include chemical methods, anodic oxidation followed by painting in aniline dyes, electrochemical deposition, vacuum plasma treatment, microarc oxidation (MAO). Of great interest for the formation of light-absorbing coatings is the MAO method, which is characterized as a reliable and environmentally friendly process, which provides the formation of a hard ceramic-like oxide layer with high corrosion resistance аnd good adhesion to the substrate. Therefore, the development of methods for obtaining high-quality black MAO coatings with both high optical and mechanical characteristics is currently an urgent task. The paper presents the results of a study of the structure and properties of black ceramic coatings on aluminum alloy AMg2 obtained by microarc oxidation using silicate-alkaline and silicate-phosphate electrolytes containing potassium ferrocyanide and sodium tungstate as coloring components. Sodium tungsten acid and potassium ferrocyanide with a concentration of  0.5 to 2.0 g/l were added to the electrolytes as additional components that ensured the coloring of the coatings. It has been established that the most saturated black coatings in a silicate-alkaline electrolyte are formed with the addition of 1.5–2.0 g/l of sodium tungstate, and in a silicate-phosphate electrolyte with the addition of 1.5 g/l of potassium ferrocyanide. The use of an electrolyte containing sodium tungstate makes it possible to form coatings with a lower microroughness height (Ra 0.97–1.11 µm) compared to coatings obtained in an electrolyte containing potassium ferrocyanide (Ra up to 4.20 µm). The maximum wear resistance of the resulting coatings (wear rate (0.38–0.59) × 10–4 mm3/(m×N)) is achieved by treatment in the studied electrolytes with a duration of 10 min. In this case, the thickness of the coatings is 21–31 µm. A further increase in the duration of processing does not have a significant effect on the wear rate.
本文研究了以含亚铁氰化钾和钨酸钠的硅酸盐-碱性和硅酸盐-磷酸盐电解质为着色剂,采用微弧氧化法制备AMg2铝合金黑色陶瓷涂层的结构和性能。在电解液中加入浓度为0.5 ~ 2.0 g/l的钨酸钠和亚铁氰化钾,作为保证镀层着色的附加成分。在硅酸盐-碱性电解质中,加入1.5 - 2.0 g/l的钨酸钠和加入1.5 g/l的亚铁氰化钾可以形成最饱和的黑色涂层。与含有亚铁氰化钾(Ra高达4.20µm)的电解质相比,使用含有钨酸钠的电解质可以形成具有较低微粗糙度高度(Ra 0.97-1.11µm)的涂层。通过在所研究的电解质中处理10分钟,可以获得最大的耐磨性(磨损率(0.38-0.59)× 10 - 4 mm3/(m×N))。在这种情况下,涂层的厚度为21-31µm。加工时间的进一步增加对磨损率没有显著影响。
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引用次数: 0
Geodetic Measurement of Deformations of Load-Bearing Supports and Structures of the Komarovsky Market Building during its Operation 科马罗夫斯基市场大楼运行期间承重支撑和结构变形的大地测量
Pub Date : 2023-02-09 DOI: 10.21122/2227-1031-2023-23-1-5-12
V. I. Mikhailov, N. O. Kuprienko
Komarovsky market is the largest covered market in Belarus and Europe. It started working in 1980. Until 2000, the operation of the market building was carried out without taking into account the uniqueness and increased requirements for objects of such type. The technical conditions and operating rules for the precast-monolithic reinforced concrete pavement shell with dimensions of 103´103 m have not been met. This led to the fact that individual elements were in a pre-emergency state. Scientists and specialists of the Belarussian State Polytechnical Academy carried out work on the examination of the technical condition and operational suitability of the Komarovsky market building. It is recommended to carry out geodetic control of coating shell deflections, deformations of side elements and supports at least once a quarter. To do this, a geodetic planned and high-altitude justification was created along the perimeter of the market building and on its mezzanines, from which deformations of the coating shell and side elements were measured. Therefore, the height position of the mezzanines was checked by the class-IV leveling. For mathematical processing of the results of high-precision geodetic observations in the Visual Basic language of the Excel editor, a complex “Geodetic Programs” was compiled, which is located on the Belarusian National Technical University website and in the local network of the University. For 21 years, the software package has been used by the authors not only to solver scientific and production  problems, but also in the educational process. It is advisable to introduce programs in other educational institutions and industrial enterprises of the Republic of Belarus to solve the problems of engineering geodesy. The settlement measurements of the pile foundations of the market building were carried out by the class-II geometric leveling using КоNi 007 instrument. The coating shell deflections were determined by trigonometric leveling with a 2Т2 theodolite and a Leica TCR 1201 electronic tacheometer according special technique.  An accuracy of the order of 1–2 mm was ensured by short sighting beams. The displacements of the onboard elements were measured with a theodolite and electronic tacheometer using the polar method and circular technique. During the geodetic control, the measured values of deflections of the coating shell, deformations of the side elements and pile supports did not exceed the established tolerances, which indicates the stability of all load-bearing structures of the Komarovsky market building.
科马罗夫斯基市场是白俄罗斯乃至欧洲最大的有盖市场。它于1980年开始运作。直到2000年,市场建筑的运作都没有考虑到这类物体的独特性和增加的要求。103 × 103 m预制整体钢筋混凝土路面壳的技术条件和操作规程未满足。这导致了个别因素处于紧急状态前的事实。白俄罗斯国家理工学院的科学家和专家对科马罗夫斯基市场大楼的技术条件和操作适用性进行了检查。建议至少每季度对涂层壳体的偏转、侧件和支座的变形进行一次大地测量控制。为了做到这一点,沿着市场建筑的周边和夹层建立了一个大地测量计划和高空论证,从那里测量了涂层外壳和侧面元素的变形。因此,对夹层的高度位置进行了四级水平校核。为了在Excel编辑器的Visual Basic语言中对高精度大地观测结果进行数学处理,编写了一个复杂的“大地测量程序”,该程序位于白俄罗斯国立技术大学网站和该大学的本地网络中。21年来,该软件包不仅被作者用于解决科学和生产问题,而且还用于教育过程。建议在白俄罗斯共和国的其他教育机构和工业企业引进解决工程大地测量学问题的方案。采用КоNi 007型几何找平仪对商场建筑桩基进行沉降测量。采用特殊技术,利用2Т2经纬仪和徕卡TCR 1201电子测速仪,采用三角测平法测定涂层壳体挠度。通过短瞄准光束确保了1-2毫米的精度。利用经纬仪和电子测速仪,采用极坐标法和圆法测量了机载元件的位移。在大地测量控制过程中,涂层外壳的挠度、侧构件和桩支撑的变形测量值均未超过规定的公差,表明科马罗夫斯基市场建筑的所有承重结构都是稳定的。
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引用次数: 0
Thermodynamic Evaluation of Asphalt Concrete Properties and its Mixing Energy Consumption by Exergy Structure 用能结构对沥青混凝土性能及混合能耗的热力学评价
Pub Date : 2023-02-09 DOI: 10.21122/2227-1031-2023-23-1-34-41
Qing Zhang, V. Romaniuk, B. Khroustalev, Q. Hou, Dehua Hou
 Abstract. The relevance of solving the problem of energy saving, today, is enhanced by the requirements of an environmental nature, united by the term “green energy”. Solving the problems of climate conservation is inseparable from solving the problem of energy saving.  Green, hydrogen energy, about which there has been a powerful and aggressive debate over the past decade, turned out to be directions far from solving the problems of both energy saving and environmental protection. The solution of both problems of energy saving and environmental protection at the present time and in the foreseeable future is being solved on the basis of the use of traditional primary energy resources, primarily natural gas. In this regard, the need to solve the problem of quantifying the thermodynamic perfection of heat-technological process for producing an asphalt concrete mixture becomes extremely relevant.  This assessment is most simply carried out on the basis of the exergy method of thermodynamic analysis with the determination of the exergy structure of  the asphalt concrete mixture flow, including thermomechanical, concentration and reaction components. The value of the concentration component of the exergy of the asphalt concrete mixture allows us to assess the energy efficiency of its production at asphalt concrete plants based on the modern exergy method of thermodynamic analysis; gives a quantitative estimate of the energy consumption for the process of mixing the ingredients of the asphalt concrete mixture in the mixing unit of asphalt concrete plants.  The paper defines the structure of the exergy of the asphalt concrete mixture, in which the transit reaction component dominates, which determines the specificity of the exergy of the asphalt concrete mixture.  The value of the specific mass concentration component of the exergy of the asphalt concrete mixture in comparison with the thermal component is small and the error in determining the concentration component, which cannot be objectively eliminated, does not affect the results of thermodynamic analysis.
摘要今天,解决节能问题的相关性被“绿色能源”一词所统一的环境性质的要求所增强。解决气候保护问题离不开解决节能问题。绿色氢能源,在过去的十年里一直有一场激烈而激烈的辩论,结果证明它是一个远远不能解决节能和环境保护问题的方向。当前和可预见的将来节能环保问题的解决,都是在利用以天然气为主的传统一次能源的基础上解决的。在这方面,解决生产沥青混凝土混合料的热工艺过程的热力学完善的量化问题就变得非常重要。这种评价最简单的是在热力学分析的火用方法的基础上进行,确定沥青混凝土混合料流动的火用结构,包括热力学、浓度和反应分量。沥青混凝土混合料的火用浓度分量的取值,使我们能够基于热力学分析的现代火用方法来评价沥青混凝土厂生产沥青混凝土混合料的能源效率;定量估算了沥青混凝土搅拌站搅拌单元中沥青混凝土混合料各成分搅拌过程的能耗。本文定义了沥青混凝土混合料的火用结构,其中过渡反应分量占主导地位,决定了沥青混凝土混合料火用的专一性。沥青混凝土混合料的火用比质量浓度分量与热分量相比值较小,确定浓度分量的误差无法客观消除,不影响热力学分析的结果。
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引用次数: 0
Comparative Study of Fiber Glass Reinforced Polymer and Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer on Cube and Cylinder 玻璃纤维增强聚合物和碳纤维增强聚合物在立方体和圆柱体上的比较研究
Pub Date : 2023-02-09 DOI: 10.21122/2227-1031-2023-23-1-42-47
A. Al-obaidi, S. Leonovich
A comparative analysis of polymers reinforced with glass fiber and polymers reinforced with carbon fiber was carried out on a cube and a cylinder in the laboratories of Baghdad.  36 samples were taken with fiber percentages of 1.0, 2.5 and 5.0 % by weight of cement. The methodology of this study included the use of composite polymer fibers in the external reinforcement of concrete beams for the purpose of improving their performance when bending by gluing polymer fibers to the surface.  Group A tests of non-reinforced concrete beams with other reinforced polymer fibers were also implemented. Excellent results were obtained by adding two types of polymer fibers to a concrete sample. It was found that the polymer reinforced with glass fiber showed better results than the polymer reinforced with carbon fiber when testing samples for bending strength.  However,  in splitting strength, the carbon fiber reinforced polymer achieved higher performance than the glass fiber reinforced polymer. Whereas the results of a group of previous studies conducted to study the effect of fiber additives on the mechanical properties of concrete proved that their addition led to an increase in compression, tensile and bending resistance at rates that reached 25, 75 and 80 %, respectively.
在巴格达的实验室中,对玻璃纤维增强聚合物和碳纤维增强聚合物在立方体和圆柱体上进行了对比分析,取了36个样品,纤维含量为水泥重量的1.0、2.5和5.0%。本研究的方法包括在混凝土梁的外部加固中使用复合聚合物纤维,通过将聚合物纤维粘在表面来提高其弯曲时的性能。采用其他增强聚合物纤维的非钢筋混凝土梁也进行了A组试验。通过在混凝土样品中加入两种类型的聚合物纤维,获得了优异的结果。结果表明,玻璃纤维增强聚合物比碳纤维增强聚合物具有更好的抗弯性能。但在劈裂强度方面,碳纤维增强聚合物的性能优于玻璃纤维增强聚合物。然而,之前一组研究纤维添加剂对混凝土力学性能影响的研究结果表明,纤维添加剂的加入使混凝土的抗压、抗拉和抗弯性能分别提高了25%、75%和80%。
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引用次数: 0
Results of Many Years’ Measurements Conducted at the Czech State Long Distances Measuring Standard Koštice 捷克国家长距离测量标准多年测量结果Koštice
Pub Date : 2023-02-09 DOI: 10.21122/2227-1031-2023-23-1-13-19
N. Kosarev, J. Lechner, V. Padve, I. A. Umnov
Currently, electronic total stations based on the principles of laser long-range distance measurement are used for collecting geospatial information. As time goes, in the process of using the electronic total stations, their technical parameters vary, necessitating periodic calibration of the instruments. Calibration of the long-range distance measurement laser component of the electronic total stations is carried out at specialized baselines and consists in testing the constant component of an electronic total station, determining the scale error and determining the cyclic error. In the territory of the Czech Republic, two geodetic baselines are operated, the National Calibration Baseline Hvězda and Koštice. Koštice is the Czech State Long Distances Measuring Standard, where electronic total stations are calibrated. From 2017 to 2020, about 600 electronic total stations by different manufacturers Leica Geosystems, Trimble, Topcon, Sokkia, Nikon, Pentax, South and Geomax were calibrated. The total number of measurements performed under the program in all combinations has equaled about 40000. In this paper, results of analysis many years’ measurements performed at the geodetic baseline Koštice from 2017 to 2020 with electronic total stations manufactured by Leica Geosystems are presented. In total, 9186 measurements between the baseline sections 1–2, 1–3, 1–4, 1–5, 1–6, 1–7 and 1–8 have been analyzed. For each section, measurements have been detected which did not pass the Grubbs test criterion (the Smirnov – Grubbs test). Altogether, 261 outliers have been detected, totaling 3 % of the total number of measurements. After excluding the detected outliers with the algorithm of the parametric version of least squares optimization, the length of each section of the baseline was found, and the accuracy of the results obtained was evaluated. The calculated values of the length of the baseline sections are in generally good agreement with the results of the measurements performed at the geodetic baseline Koštice by the specialists from the laboratory of the Bundeswehr University in Munich (Germany) and the results of similar measurements conducted at the same baseline by the specialists from the Research Institute of Geodesy, Topography and Cartography (Czech Republic). For section 1–5, based on the results of both verifications, differences have been obtained exceeding the permissible values of the accuracy of determining baseline characteristics. This may be related to the fact that there are displacements of certain pillars, which mainly have a periodic character and depend on the season. To allow more specific assumptions regarding instability of certain pillars, it is recommended to verify the lengths of the baseline sections once in three months, according to the program in all combinations, which will allow comparison of the values of the confidence limits of the baseline section lengths and putting forward hypotheses regarding variations in the p
目前,基于激光远程测量原理的电子全站仪用于地理空间信息的采集。电子全站仪在使用过程中,随着时间的推移,其技术参数会发生变化,需要对仪器进行定期校准。电子全站仪远程测距激光组件的校准是在专门的基线上进行的,主要包括测试电子全站仪的常数分量,确定比例尺误差和确定循环误差。在捷克共和国境内,有两条大地测量基线,即国家校准基线hvzda和Koštice。Koštice是捷克国家长距离测量标准,对电子全站仪进行校准。从2017年到2020年,校准了来自Leica Geosystems、Trimble、Topcon、Sokkia、Nikon、Pentax、South和Geomax等不同制造商的约600台电子全站仪。在所有组合中,在该程序下执行的测量总数约为40000次。本文介绍了莱卡Geosystems公司生产的电子全站仪在2017 - 2020年大地测量基线Koštice上进行的多年测量分析结果。总共分析了基线剖面1-2、1-3、1-4、1-5、1-6、1-7和1-8之间的9186个测量值。对于每个部分,测量已被检测到没有通过格拉布测试标准(斯米尔诺夫-格拉布测试)。总共检测到261个异常值,占测量总数的3%。利用参数化版最小二乘优化算法剔除检测到的离群点后,求出每段基线的长度,并对所得结果的准确性进行评价。基线剖面长度的计算值与慕尼黑(德国)联邦国防军大学实验室的专家在大地基线Koštice上进行的测量结果以及捷克共和国大地测量、地形和制图研究所的专家在同一基线上进行的类似测量结果大体一致。对于第1-5部分,基于两种验证的结果,已经获得的差异超过了确定基线特征的准确度的允许值。这可能与某些柱子的位移有关,这些柱子主要具有周期性,并取决于季节。为了对某些支柱的不稳定性进行更具体的假设,建议每三个月对基线截面的长度进行一次验证,根据所有组合的程序,这将允许比较基线截面长度的置信限值,并提出关于单个中心位置变化的假设。因此,所显示的偏差应纳入长度测量的剩余不确定度。
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引用次数: 0
Optimization of Composition of Nanofiber Concrete in Terms of Fracture Toughness by Matrix Modifiсation 基于基体改性的纳米纤维混凝土断裂韧性成分优化研究
Pub Date : 2022-12-09 DOI: 10.21122/2227-1031-2022-21-6-499-503
E. Sadovskaya, S. Leonovich
Concrete is a quasi-brittle building material that has low tensile strength. The process of its destruction under loading is inhomogeneous, due to the nature of the concrete structure mass, consisting of components with different physical and mechanical properties. Gradual deformation and destruction can be characterized as a process of formation and development of microcracks. The presence of different-sized components in concrete makes it possible to consider its structure as a multi-level system. In this system, each level is a matrix with its own structural inclusions, which play both a structure-forming role and the role of stress concentrators under the action of mechanical loads. The critical stress intensity factor is a good indicator of the crack resistance (fracture toughness) of a material. Nanoconcrete, from the point of view of a multilevel system, is a concrete composite with crack propagation inhibitors at the level of the cementing substance (carbon nanotubes are consi-dered as inhibitors). The presence of fiber fibers at subsequent scale levels allows us to consider concrete as a composite with multi-level dispersed reinforcement (nanofiber concrete). The paper discusses the change of concrete fracture toughness indicator (crack resistance) with dispersed reinforcement of the matrix at different structural levels. The presented for normal separation of notched cubes under eccentric compression with the determination of the stress intensity factor for concrete modified with carbon nanotubes acting as crack propagation inhibitors at the level of cementing substance (nanoconcrete), as well as for nanofiber concrete with dispersed reinforcement at the level of fine-grained concrete. Based on experimental studies by non-equilibrium methods of fracture mechanics, compositions of nanofiber-reinforced concrete of maximum crack resistance (fracture toughness) with different fiber concentrations and several types of matrices modified with nanocarbon additives are proposed in the paper.
混凝土是一种准脆性建筑材料,抗拉强度低。由于混凝土结构质量的性质,其在荷载作用下的破坏过程是不均匀的,由具有不同物理力学性能的构件组成。逐渐的变形和破坏可以表征为微裂纹的形成和发展过程。混凝土中不同尺寸构件的存在使得将其结构视为多层次系统成为可能。在该体系中,每一层都是一个具有自身结构包裹体的矩阵,在机械载荷作用下,这些结构包裹体既起构造形成作用,又起应力集中作用。临界应力强度因子是材料抗裂性(断裂韧性)的良好指标。纳米混凝土,从多层体系的角度来看,是一种在胶结物质水平上具有裂缝扩展抑制剂(碳纳米管被认为是抑制剂)的混凝土复合材料。纤维纤维在后续尺度上的存在使我们可以将混凝土视为具有多级分散钢筋的复合材料(纳米纤维混凝土)。本文讨论了混凝土断裂韧性指标(抗裂性能)随基体分散配筋在不同结构层次上的变化。本文介绍了在偏心压缩下缺口立方体的正常分离,并确定了在胶结物质(纳米混凝土)水平上以碳纳米管作为裂缝扩展抑制剂改性的混凝土的应力强度因子,以及在细粒混凝土水平上具有分散钢筋的纳米纤维混凝土的应力强度因子。在断裂力学非平衡方法试验研究的基础上,提出了不同纤维浓度的纳米纤维增强混凝土的最大抗裂性(断裂韧性)组成和几种纳米碳改性基体。
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引用次数: 1
Thermodynamic Approaches in Assessing Quality, Efficiency and Environmental Friendliness of Asphalt Concrete 沥青混凝土质量、效率和环境友好性评价的热力学方法
Pub Date : 2022-12-09 DOI: 10.21122/2227-1031-2022-21-6-490-498
Qing Zhang, V. Romaniuk, Y. Aliakseyeu, Q. Hou
The experience of developed countries shows that the development of the road network and transport infrastructure determines the intensity of economic ties and is one of the most important conditions for the development of the state’s economy. Optimization of the composition and production technology of asphalt concrete mixture – the basis of paved roads, is of great importance, both from an economic and environmental point of view. The production of asphalt concrete mixture directly (during the production process at asphalt concrete plants) and indirectly (during delivery from the plant to the place of installation) determines the energy costs for the production of asphalt concrete. At asphalt-concrete plants the specific energy consumption per ton of hot asphalt concrete mixture varies from 0.3 to 0.7 GJ. The range in energy costs is large. This situation indicates the presence of a significant energy-saving potential of asphalt concrete mixture thermal technology. The exergy analysis of technical systems proposed in this paper, which are operated in the asphalt concrete mixture production processes, makes it possible to judge the efficiency of energy use in their thermal units. This approach is expedient not only in the primary production of asphalt concrete mixture, but also for more environmentally friendly, energy- and resource-saving production processes for the operation of equipment during the regeneration of road asphalt concrete.
发达国家的经验表明,道路网络和交通基础设施的发展程度决定着经济联系的紧密程度,是国家经济发展的重要条件之一。沥青混凝土混合料是铺设道路的基础,从经济和环境的角度来看,沥青混凝土混合料的组成和生产技术的优化具有重要意义。沥青混凝土混合料的直接生产(在沥青混凝土工厂的生产过程中)和间接生产(从工厂到安装地点的运输过程中)决定了沥青混凝土生产的能源成本。在沥青混凝土工厂,每吨热沥青混凝土混合物的比能耗从0.3到0.7吉焦不等。能源成本的变化幅度很大。这表明沥青混凝土混合料热技术具有巨大的节能潜力。本文对沥青混凝土混合料生产过程中运行的技术系统进行了火用分析,从而可以判断其热机组的能源利用效率。这种方法不仅有利于沥青混凝土混合料的初级生产,而且有利于道路沥青混凝土再生过程中设备的运行更加环保、节能、节约生产工艺。
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引用次数: 1
Assessment of the Role of Human Resources in Enhancing Competitiveness of Industrial Organizations in the Transition to Industry 4.0 向工业4.0转型中人力资源在提升工业组织竞争力中的作用评估
Pub Date : 2022-12-09 DOI: 10.21122/2227-1031-2022-21-6-525-534
Minqjun Hu, I. V. Ustsinovich
In the conditions of necessity of transition to Industry 4.0 the human resource potential is considered as an important source of competitive advantage.  Only qualified personnel can make an organization competitive on the basis of market loyalty, product and service quality, differentiated products and technological innovation. Two directions for increasing the competitiveness of industrial enterprises have been identified. The first is the assessment of the system of indicators of human resource level during the transition to Industry 4.0. The second is to identify the most significant factors in assessing the level of human resources that affect the increase in the level of competitiveness of industrial organizations. The paper provides a detailed analysis of a number of economic indicators that characterize the integral indicator of the effectiveness of the human resources development and competitiveness of an industrial organization. The integral indicator has formed the basis of a model for assessing the competitiveness of industrial organizations through human resource development. The model consists of two parts: human resource development and the increase in the level of competitiveness of industrial organizations. The model is based on the following factors: the quality of human resources (staff composition of an industrial organization, the number of employees, their income level, education level, projects related to human resource development) and its development (total corporate income, share employee remuneration in the total organization income, R&D costs, the share of investment in R&D in the total organization income, sales and production). The developed model will allow organizations to adjust their human resource development strategies (recruitment and further development of human resources), and will also contribute to the transformation of corporate talent.
在向工业4.0过渡的必要条件下,人力资源潜力被认为是竞争优势的重要来源。只有合格的人才能使组织在市场忠诚度、产品和服务质量、差异化产品和技术创新的基础上具有竞争力。提出了提高工业企业竞争力的两个方向。一是工业4.0转型时期人力资源水平指标体系评估。二是找出人力资源水平评估中影响产业组织竞争力水平提升的最显著因素。本文对一些经济指标进行了详细的分析,这些指标是衡量一个产业组织人力资源开发有效性和竞争力的综合指标。该综合指标构成了通过人力资源开发评估工业组织竞争力的模型的基础。该模型由人力资源开发和产业组织竞争力水平提升两部分组成。该模型基于以下因素:人力资源质量(产业组织的员工构成、员工人数、员工收入水平、受教育程度、与人力资源开发相关的项目)及其开发(企业总收入、员工薪酬占组织总收入的份额、研发成本、研发投入占组织总收入的份额、销售和生产)。开发的模型将允许组织调整其人力资源开发战略(人力资源的招聘和进一步开发),也将有助于企业人才的转型。
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引用次数: 1
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Science & Technique
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