The set of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic artefacts from Aukstumala consists exclusively of flint manufactured items. This paper presents exhaustive data on studies of the flint artefacts, and on the reconstruction of their manufacture technique, based on observable characteristics of their manufacture. The functions of the artefacts found in the settlements were established at the Archaeological Material Research Laboratory at Klaipėda University, by means of an Olympus SZX16 microscope, and simultaneously their typology and the chronology of individual items were revised. Key words: Aukstumala, flint technique, flint tools, functional analysis, micro-trace analysis, Palaeolithic, Mesolithic, Lithuania. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.15181/ab.v20i0.816
{"title":"FLINT ARTEFACT MANUFACTURE TECHNIQUES AT THE PALAEOLITHIC AND MESOLITHIC SETTLEMENTS AT AUKŠTUMALA IN LITHUANIA, AND TRACEOLOGICAL STUDIES OF THEM","authors":"Gvidas Slah","doi":"10.15181/AB.V20I0.816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15181/AB.V20I0.816","url":null,"abstract":"The set of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic artefacts from Aukstumala consists exclusively of flint manufactured items. This paper presents exhaustive data on studies of the flint artefacts, and on the reconstruction of their manufacture technique, based on observable characteristics of their manufacture. The functions of the artefacts found in the settlements were established at the Archaeological Material Research Laboratory at Klaipėda University, by means of an Olympus SZX16 microscope, and simultaneously their typology and the chronology of individual items were revised. Key words: Aukstumala, flint technique, flint tools, functional analysis, micro-trace analysis, Palaeolithic, Mesolithic, Lithuania. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.15181/ab.v20i0.816","PeriodicalId":29741,"journal":{"name":"Archaeologia Baltica","volume":"20 1","pages":"190-199"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2014-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67354053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper discusses the most important ancient amber tubular beads from the Zvidze settlement in the Lake Lubāns wetlands, and their analogies in the forest zone of Eastern Europe. Special attention is paid to specific forms of amber bead: cylindrical, beads with a thickening in the middle part, rounded, arched diamond-shaped and other archaic beads, long and short barrel-type, spool-type, beads with oval pinched cross-cuts, and spherical beads.Analogies of amplified amber beads (with a thickening in the middle) have been found in the very wide area of the forest zone of Eastern Europe (Konchanskoe, Repistche, Tudozero, and so on). A review of the Zvidze tubular amber beads allows us to consider that some bead types (barrel-shaped, spherical, diamond-shaped) are more widespread in the ancient world. Key words: Zvidze settlement, Neolithic, amber, tubular beads, distribution, analogies. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.15181/ab.v20i0.813
{"title":"TUBULAR AMBER BEADS FROM THE NEOLITHIC SETLEMENT AT ZVIDZE IN THE LAKE LUBĀNS WETLANDS","authors":"I. Loze","doi":"10.15181/AB.V20I0.813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15181/AB.V20I0.813","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the most important ancient amber tubular beads from the Zvidze settlement in the Lake Lubāns wetlands, and their analogies in the forest zone of Eastern Europe. Special attention is paid to specific forms of amber bead: cylindrical, beads with a thickening in the middle part, rounded, arched diamond-shaped and other archaic beads, long and short barrel-type, spool-type, beads with oval pinched cross-cuts, and spherical beads.Analogies of amplified amber beads (with a thickening in the middle) have been found in the very wide area of the forest zone of Eastern Europe (Konchanskoe, Repistche, Tudozero, and so on). A review of the Zvidze tubular amber beads allows us to consider that some bead types (barrel-shaped, spherical, diamond-shaped) are more widespread in the ancient world. Key words: Zvidze settlement, Neolithic, amber, tubular beads, distribution, analogies. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.15181/ab.v20i0.813","PeriodicalId":29741,"journal":{"name":"Archaeologia Baltica","volume":"20 1","pages":"150-159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2014-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67354125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The history of the medieval Baltic is dominated by the crusading movement of the 13th to 15th centuries. The crusades resulted in significant changes to the organisation, ownership and administration of the landscape, with a significant shift in patterns of land use. However, our understanding of the environmental impact of the crusades has been almost exclusively informed by written sources. This paper synthesises existing palynological evidence for medieval landscape transformation in the southeast and eastern Baltic, focusing on the ecological impact of the crusading movement, and considers some key questions, challenges and priorities for future research. Key words: Crusades, human impact, woodland clearance, agricultural intensification, palynology. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.15181/ab.v20i0.806
{"title":"MEDIEVAL LANDSCAPE TRANSFORMATION IN THE SOUTHEAST AND EASTERN BALTIC: PALAEOENVIRONMENTAL PERSPECTIVES ON THE COLONISATION OF FRONTIER LANDSCAPES","authors":"Alexander D. Brown, A. Pluskowski","doi":"10.15181/AB.V20I0.806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15181/AB.V20I0.806","url":null,"abstract":"The history of the medieval Baltic is dominated by the crusading movement of the 13th to 15th centuries. The crusades resulted in significant changes to the organisation, ownership and administration of the landscape, with a significant shift in patterns of land use. However, our understanding of the environmental impact of the crusades has been almost exclusively informed by written sources. This paper synthesises existing palynological evidence for medieval landscape transformation in the southeast and eastern Baltic, focusing on the ecological impact of the crusading movement, and considers some key questions, challenges and priorities for future research. Key words: Crusades, human impact, woodland clearance, agricultural intensification, palynology. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.15181/ab.v20i0.806","PeriodicalId":29741,"journal":{"name":"Archaeologia Baltica","volume":"20 1","pages":"24-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2014-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67354088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper deals with the function of rectangular bladelets produced in experimental studies. The function of the bladelets produced experimentally was compared with that of a similar flint inventory discovered at the Katra I settlement. The experimental studies were carried out in the traceological laboratory at Klaipėda University. The functional dependence of the laboratory-produced flint blades and artefacts found at the Katra I settlement (in the Varėna district) were established with an Olympus SZX16 microscope. The experimental items were used in contact with dry reeds (Phragmites). It was established that the functions of the laboratory-produced blades and the ones discovered at the Katra I settlement coincided: most of the artefacts from the Mesolithic and Neolithic periods from the Katra I settlement were used for reed cutting. Key words: experimental archaeology, microlithic technology, microblades, sickle insert, functional analysis, use-wear traces. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.15181/ab.v20i0.814
{"title":"RECTANGULAR BLADELETS DISCOVERED AT THE KATRA I SETTLEMENT IN THE VARĖNA DISTRICT OF LITHUANIA: A FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS","authors":"Gvidas Slah","doi":"10.15181/AB.V20I0.814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15181/AB.V20I0.814","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with the function of rectangular bladelets produced in experimental studies. The function of the bladelets produced experimentally was compared with that of a similar flint inventory discovered at the Katra I settlement. The experimental studies were carried out in the traceological laboratory at Klaipėda University. The functional dependence of the laboratory-produced flint blades and artefacts found at the Katra I settlement (in the Varėna district) were established with an Olympus SZX16 microscope. The experimental items were used in contact with dry reeds (Phragmites). It was established that the functions of the laboratory-produced blades and the ones discovered at the Katra I settlement coincided: most of the artefacts from the Mesolithic and Neolithic periods from the Katra I settlement were used for reed cutting. Key words: experimental archaeology, microlithic technology, microblades, sickle insert, functional analysis, use-wear traces. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.15181/ab.v20i0.814","PeriodicalId":29741,"journal":{"name":"Archaeologia Baltica","volume":"20 1","pages":"162-173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2014-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67354250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this review of pollen data from the South Swedish Uplands, evidence is presented of colonisation and strong agricultural expansion during the 11th to 13th centuries, followed by farm abandonment and land use change during the 14th to 15th centuries. The latter is associated with the Black Death and the late medieval crisis. Pollen data show that abandonment in the uplands resulted in the regrowth of woodland, but also in land use change from cereal growing to grazing. Similar cycles of agricultural expansion and decline are identified also from earlier periods during the Iron Age, which highlights the sensitive character of upland agriculture and settlement. Key words: pollen analysis, agriculture, Middle Ages, Black Death, late medieval crisis. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.15181/ab.v20i0.809
{"title":"MEDIEVAL COLONISATION AND ABANDONMENT IN THE SOUTH SWEDISH UPLANDS: A REVIEW OF SETTLEMENT AND LAND USE DYNAMICS INFERRED FROM THE POLLEN RECORD","authors":"P. Lagerås","doi":"10.15181/AB.V20I0.809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15181/AB.V20I0.809","url":null,"abstract":"In this review of pollen data from the South Swedish Uplands, evidence is presented of colonisation and strong agricultural expansion during the 11th to 13th centuries, followed by farm abandonment and land use change during the 14th to 15th centuries. The latter is associated with the Black Death and the late medieval crisis. Pollen data show that abandonment in the uplands resulted in the regrowth of woodland, but also in land use change from cereal growing to grazing. Similar cycles of agricultural expansion and decline are identified also from earlier periods during the Iron Age, which highlights the sensitive character of upland agriculture and settlement. Key words: pollen analysis, agriculture, Middle Ages, Black Death, late medieval crisis. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.15181/ab.v20i0.809","PeriodicalId":29741,"journal":{"name":"Archaeologia Baltica","volume":"20 1","pages":"77-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2014-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67353879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Viljandi (Fellin), a small town in medieval Livonia, was founded in the second quarter of the 13th century, soon after the Estonian Crusades. The Estonians’ prehistoric hill-fort was replaced by a castle of the Livonian branch of the Teutonic Order, the prehistoric settlement was abandoned, and the location for the new town was chosen on the site of a former field more suitable for fortification. In this paper, zooarchaeological material from three sites, the prehistoric settlement, the Order’s castle and the early medieval town, will be discussed. Despite the presumed changes in Estonian society associated with the Crusades, the analyses reveal no profound differences in meat consumption in the transitional period from prehistory to the Middle Ages. Key words: zooarchaeology, Late Iron Age, Middle Ages, Teutonic Order’s castle, medieval town, meat consumption. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.15181/ab.v20i0.807
Viljandi (felin)是中世纪利沃尼亚的一个小镇，建于13世纪下半叶，在爱沙尼亚十字军东征之后不久。爱沙尼亚人的史前山丘堡垒被条顿骑士团利沃尼亚分支的城堡所取代，史前定居点被遗弃，新城镇的位置被选在更适合防御工事的前田野的遗址上。本文将从史前聚落、骑士团城堡和中世纪早期城镇这三个遗址的动物考古资料进行讨论。尽管假定爱沙尼亚社会的变化与十字军东征有关，但分析显示，从史前到中世纪的过渡时期，肉类消费没有深刻的差异。关键词:动物考古，铁器时代晚期，中世纪，条顿骑士团城堡，中世纪城镇，肉类消费。DOI: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.15181/ab.v20i0.807
{"title":"SOME SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL ASPECTS OF ANIMAL UTILISATION IN VILJANDI, MEDIEVAL LIVONIA","authors":"E. Rannamäe, H. Valk","doi":"10.15181/AB.V20I0.807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15181/AB.V20I0.807","url":null,"abstract":"Viljandi (Fellin), a small town in medieval Livonia, was founded in the second quarter of the 13th century, soon after the Estonian Crusades. The Estonians’ prehistoric hill-fort was replaced by a castle of the Livonian branch of the Teutonic Order, the prehistoric settlement was abandoned, and the location for the new town was chosen on the site of a former field more suitable for fortification. In this paper, zooarchaeological material from three sites, the prehistoric settlement, the Order’s castle and the early medieval town, will be discussed. Despite the presumed changes in Estonian society associated with the Crusades, the analyses reveal no profound differences in meat consumption in the transitional period from prehistory to the Middle Ages. Key words: zooarchaeology, Late Iron Age, Middle Ages, Teutonic Order’s castle, medieval town, meat consumption. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.15181/ab.v20i0.807","PeriodicalId":29741,"journal":{"name":"Archaeologia Baltica","volume":"20 1","pages":"47-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2014-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67354176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In 2004, an archaeological survey was carried out in Aukstumala upland bog (in the Silutė district in western Lithuania), during which the remains of settlements from the Late Palaeolithic and Middle Mesolithic periods were discovered. These were the first sites from the Late Glacial and Early Holocene periods to be found in the lower reaches of the River Nemunas. The chronology and topography of the sites helped to identify the chronology of the area’s population, and to localise the natural environment in which the people of these periods lived. Based on the typology of the discovered artefacts, manufactured flint items in the Palaeolithic settlement were identified as being close to Late Arensburgian culture, and those of the Middle Mesolithic to Maglemosian or Early Nemunas culture. Key words: Aukstumala, Palaeolithic site, Mesolithic site, Arensburgian, Mesolithic Nemunas culture, Lithuania. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.15181/ab.v20i0.815
{"title":"THE FIRST PALAEOLITHIC AND MESOLITHIC SETTLEMENTS IN AUKŠTUMALA, ŠILUTĖ DISTRICT, THE NEMUNAS RIVER DELTA","authors":"Marijus Grigaliūnas","doi":"10.15181/AB.V20I0.815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15181/AB.V20I0.815","url":null,"abstract":"In 2004, an archaeological survey was carried out in Aukstumala upland bog (in the Silutė district in western Lithuania), during which the remains of settlements from the Late Palaeolithic and Middle Mesolithic periods were discovered. These were the first sites from the Late Glacial and Early Holocene periods to be found in the lower reaches of the River Nemunas. The chronology and topography of the sites helped to identify the chronology of the area’s population, and to localise the natural environment in which the people of these periods lived. Based on the typology of the discovered artefacts, manufactured flint items in the Palaeolithic settlement were identified as being close to Late Arensburgian culture, and those of the Middle Mesolithic to Maglemosian or Early Nemunas culture. Key words: Aukstumala, Palaeolithic site, Mesolithic site, Arensburgian, Mesolithic Nemunas culture, Lithuania. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.15181/ab.v20i0.815","PeriodicalId":29741,"journal":{"name":"Archaeologia Baltica","volume":"20 1","pages":"174-189"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2014-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67353864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents a comparative, diachronic study of the faunal assemblages recovered from two key political, cultural and commercial centres in the medieval Polish-Prussian borderlands: Kaldus in the Kulmerland, and Gdansk in Pomerania. Both centres were situated in a region which was incorporated into the Teutonic Order’s state following the Crusades against the Prussian tribes in the 13th century. Although comparative trends are noticeable between the two centres which can be linked to the development of the Polish (Piast) state, the variation reflects specific local ecological and cultural contexts. Due to the constraints of space, this study focuses on the relative representation of different species of mammals, birds and fish, demonstrating how diachronic trends can be linked to the marked historical phases associated with the cultural and environmental transformation of this frontier, from one dominated by the Piast state to the later Teutonic Order’s polity. Key words: zooarchaeology, Kaldus, Gdansk, Polish state, Teutonic Order, environment, mammals, birds, fish. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.15181/ab.v20i0.810
{"title":"THE CHARACTER OF ANIMAL EXPLOITATION AND THE ENVIRONMENT AT THE POLISH/PRUSSIAN FRONTIER IN THE MEDIEVAL PERIOD: A CASE STUDY","authors":"D. Makowiecki, Marzena Makowiecka","doi":"10.15181/AB.V20I0.810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15181/AB.V20I0.810","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a comparative, diachronic study of the faunal assemblages recovered from two key political, cultural and commercial centres in the medieval Polish-Prussian borderlands: Kaldus in the Kulmerland, and Gdansk in Pomerania. Both centres were situated in a region which was incorporated into the Teutonic Order’s state following the Crusades against the Prussian tribes in the 13th century. Although comparative trends are noticeable between the two centres which can be linked to the development of the Polish (Piast) state, the variation reflects specific local ecological and cultural contexts. Due to the constraints of space, this study focuses on the relative representation of different species of mammals, birds and fish, demonstrating how diachronic trends can be linked to the marked historical phases associated with the cultural and environmental transformation of this frontier, from one dominated by the Piast state to the later Teutonic Order’s polity. Key words: zooarchaeology, Kaldus, Gdansk, Polish state, Teutonic Order, environment, mammals, birds, fish. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.15181/ab.v20i0.810","PeriodicalId":29741,"journal":{"name":"Archaeologia Baltica","volume":"20 1","pages":"91-116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2014-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67353941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Daugnora, A. Vasks, Salomėja Sovaitė, A. Girininkas
In the excavated Padure (Beltes) hill-fort in Latvia, cultural layers from the Late Bronze Age and the Early Iron Age (Stage 1), and the Middle Iron Age and the Late Iron Age (Stage 2), were detected, which, besides the archaeological material typical of that period, provided abundant zooarchaeological material. This article presents the investigation data from the zooarchaeological material of both stages: the data relate to the butchering techniques used, and the identification of the composition of the faunal species. The investigation was carried out in the bioarchaeological laboratory of the Institute of Baltic Region History and Archaeology at Klaipėda University. As is proven by the investigation, the ratio of domestic animals to hunted wildlife in the two periods compared is not identical. In the second period of habitation of the hill-fort, the number of cattle and sheep/goats decreased, while the number of swine and especially of horses increased. The article also deals with characteristics of butchering techniques of domestic animals and wildlife in both periods of the habitation of the hill-fort, and changes identified in the meat processing. In the second period, the level of processing resulted in greater amounts of meat suitable for food, due to the technical properties of the raw material and the nutritional and commodity value. Key words: Padure (Beltes) hill-fort, Latvia, zooarchaeology, Late Bronze Age, Iron Age, slaughtering. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.15181/ab.v20i0.811
{"title":"ZOOARCHAEOLOGICAL MATERIAL FROM THE PADURE (BELTES) HILL-FORT IN LATVIA: BUTCHERING TECHNIQUES AND THE COMPOSITION OF SPECIES","authors":"L. Daugnora, A. Vasks, Salomėja Sovaitė, A. Girininkas","doi":"10.15181/AB.V20I0.811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15181/AB.V20I0.811","url":null,"abstract":"In the excavated Padure (Beltes) hill-fort in Latvia, cultural layers from the Late Bronze Age and the Early Iron Age (Stage 1), and the Middle Iron Age and the Late Iron Age (Stage 2), were detected, which, besides the archaeological material typical of that period, provided abundant zooarchaeological material. This article presents the investigation data from the zooarchaeological material of both stages: the data relate to the butchering techniques used, and the identification of the composition of the faunal species. The investigation was carried out in the bioarchaeological laboratory of the Institute of Baltic Region History and Archaeology at Klaipėda University. As is proven by the investigation, the ratio of domestic animals to hunted wildlife in the two periods compared is not identical. In the second period of habitation of the hill-fort, the number of cattle and sheep/goats decreased, while the number of swine and especially of horses increased. The article also deals with characteristics of butchering techniques of domestic animals and wildlife in both periods of the habitation of the hill-fort, and changes identified in the meat processing. In the second period, the level of processing resulted in greater amounts of meat suitable for food, due to the technical properties of the raw material and the nutritional and commodity value. Key words: Padure (Beltes) hill-fort, Latvia, zooarchaeology, Late Bronze Age, Iron Age, slaughtering. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.15181/ab.v20i0.811","PeriodicalId":29741,"journal":{"name":"Archaeologia Baltica","volume":"20 1","pages":"117-133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2014-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67353978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Seetah, A. Pluskowski, D. Makowiecki, L. Daugnora
This paper focuses on a number of examples of cut marks on animal bones from a range of sites associated with the cultural transformations in the eastern Baltic following the Crusades in the 13th century. Recorded observational and interpretational characteristics are quantified and explained through more detailed selected case studies. The study represents a pilot project, the foundation for a more detailed and systematic survey of a larger dataset within the framework of the ecology of Crusading project. Relatively clear differences between sites are observable on the basis of the cut marks; however, the initial trends do not suggest a straightforward connection between butchery technology and colonisation in the east Baltic region. Key words: zooarchaeology, butchery, technology, Crusades, colonisation, Teutonic Order, eastern Baltic. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.15181/ab.v20i0.808
{"title":"NEW TECHNOLOGY OR ADAPTATION AT THE FRONTIER? BUTCHERY AS A SIGNIFIER OF CULTURAL TRANSITIONS IN THE MEDIEVAL EASTERN BALTIC","authors":"K. Seetah, A. Pluskowski, D. Makowiecki, L. Daugnora","doi":"10.15181/AB.V20I0.808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15181/AB.V20I0.808","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on a number of examples of cut marks on animal bones from a range of sites associated with the cultural transformations in the eastern Baltic following the Crusades in the 13th century. Recorded observational and interpretational characteristics are quantified and explained through more detailed selected case studies. The study represents a pilot project, the foundation for a more detailed and systematic survey of a larger dataset within the framework of the ecology of Crusading project. Relatively clear differences between sites are observable on the basis of the cut marks; however, the initial trends do not suggest a straightforward connection between butchery technology and colonisation in the east Baltic region. Key words: zooarchaeology, butchery, technology, Crusades, colonisation, Teutonic Order, eastern Baltic. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.15181/ab.v20i0.808","PeriodicalId":29741,"journal":{"name":"Archaeologia Baltica","volume":"20 1","pages":"59-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2014-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67353812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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