The article deals with characteristics of the cultural landscape of archaeological sites of Dollkeim-Kovrovo (Sambian-Natangian) culture dating from the Roman Period. The study is based on a spatial analysis, and is built on the currently known information, drawn from prewar archives, publications, research from the second half of the 20th century, and on the results of field surveys conducted by the author. GIS-based techniques were applied. The archaeological sites from the Roman Period located on the eastern border of Dollkeim-Kovrovo Culture in the valleys of the River Pregolja and the River Dejma are the focus of attention. In order to carry out a comparative analysis, information on the burial grounds of the ‘cultural core’ on the Samland Peninsula is used. The spatial layout of the burial grounds and settlements is analysed. As a result, a pattern for the spatial evolution of Dollkeim-Kovrovo culture in the Roman Period and the testing of the hypothesis of the existence of ‘contact zones’ in the West Balt cultural circle are proposed for consideration. Key words: southeast Baltic region, West Balt cultural circle, Roman Period, Dollkeim-Kovrovo/Sambian-Natangian culture, River Pregolja valley, landscape analysis, geoinformation systems. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15181/ab.v23i0.1297
{"title":"THE LANDSCAPE AND SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF ROMAN PERIOD ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES AT THE EASTERN BORDER OF DOLLKEIM- KOVROVO/SAMBIAN-NATANGIAN CULTURE","authors":"O. Khomiakova","doi":"10.15181/AB.V23I0.1297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15181/AB.V23I0.1297","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with characteristics of the cultural landscape of archaeological sites of Dollkeim-Kovrovo (Sambian-Natangian) culture dating from the Roman Period. The study is based on a spatial analysis, and is built on the currently known information, drawn from prewar archives, publications, research from the second half of the 20th century, and on the results of field surveys conducted by the author. GIS-based techniques were applied. The archaeological sites from the Roman Period located on the eastern border of Dollkeim-Kovrovo Culture in the valleys of the River Pregolja and the River Dejma are the focus of attention. In order to carry out a comparative analysis, information on the burial grounds of the ‘cultural core’ on the Samland Peninsula is used. The spatial layout of the burial grounds and settlements is analysed. As a result, a pattern for the spatial evolution of Dollkeim-Kovrovo culture in the Roman Period and the testing of the hypothesis of the existence of ‘contact zones’ in the West Balt cultural circle are proposed for consideration. Key words: southeast Baltic region, West Balt cultural circle, Roman Period, Dollkeim-Kovrovo/Sambian-Natangian culture, River Pregolja valley, landscape analysis, geoinformation systems. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15181/ab.v23i0.1297","PeriodicalId":29741,"journal":{"name":"Archaeologia Baltica","volume":"23 1","pages":"58-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2016-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67354681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Items with the ox-head are a very interesting archaeological phenomenon in the Baltic Sea area in the Roman Period. The earliest category of these finds is drinking horn fittings, which appeared in the Early Roman Period on Jutland and the Danish islands. At the beginning of the Late Roman Period, in the territory of the West Balts in Masuria, brooches with the ox-head occurred. According to the scientific tradition, they are interpreted as the effect of influences from the western zone of the shore of the Baltic Sea. Nowadays, when new finds of items with the ox-head (drinking horn fittings, brooches) are found in Przeworsk culture, it is necessary to analyse this thesis again. Key words: West Balt Cultural Circle, Przeworsk culture, ox-head items, distribution, contacts. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15181/ab.v23i0.1300
{"title":"Items with the Ox-Head on the Shores of the Baltic Sea in the Roman Period","authors":"W. Nowakowski","doi":"10.15181/AB.V23I0.1300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15181/AB.V23I0.1300","url":null,"abstract":"Items with the ox-head are a very interesting archaeological phenomenon in the Baltic Sea area in the Roman Period. The earliest category of these finds is drinking horn fittings, which appeared in the Early Roman Period on Jutland and the Danish islands. At the beginning of the Late Roman Period, in the territory of the West Balts in Masuria, brooches with the ox-head occurred. According to the scientific tradition, they are interpreted as the effect of influences from the western zone of the shore of the Baltic Sea. Nowadays, when new finds of items with the ox-head (drinking horn fittings, brooches) are found in Przeworsk culture, it is necessary to analyse this thesis again. Key words: West Balt Cultural Circle, Przeworsk culture, ox-head items, distribution, contacts. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15181/ab.v23i0.1300","PeriodicalId":29741,"journal":{"name":"Archaeologia Baltica","volume":"23 1","pages":"129-139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2016-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67354736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The authors discuss archaeological data regarding cultural interactions between west Lithuanian areas and the regions of Ma-suria and Suwalki during the Roman and Migration Periods. Several categories of finds in west Lithuania can be seen as direct imports or the import of ideas from the West Balt area in Masuria. This communication worked in both directions. Influences from coastal Lithuania may also be detected in the style of jewellery or riding gear. Undoubtedly, the warrior elite played an important role in keeping these connections alive. The west Lithuanian area, like Samland, was a trading centre, working as an intermediary in the dissemination of interregional novelties. Key words: West Lithuania, Masuria, Suwalki, West Balts, Roman and Migration Periods, interregional contacts. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15181/ab.v23i0.1302
{"title":"West Lithuania as a Golden Bridge between the Sea and the Baltic hinterland in Northeast Poland during the Roman and Migration Periods","authors":"Rasa Banytė Rowell, A. Wróblewska, C. Reich","doi":"10.15181/AB.V23I0.1302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15181/AB.V23I0.1302","url":null,"abstract":"The authors discuss archaeological data regarding cultural interactions between west Lithuanian areas and the regions of Ma-suria and Suwalki during the Roman and Migration Periods. Several categories of finds in west Lithuania can be seen as direct imports or the import of ideas from the West Balt area in Masuria. This communication worked in both directions. Influences from coastal Lithuania may also be detected in the style of jewellery or riding gear. Undoubtedly, the warrior elite played an important role in keeping these connections alive. The west Lithuanian area, like Samland, was a trading centre, working as an intermediary in the dissemination of interregional novelties. Key words: West Lithuania, Masuria, Suwalki, West Balts, Roman and Migration Periods, interregional contacts. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15181/ab.v23i0.1302","PeriodicalId":29741,"journal":{"name":"Archaeologia Baltica","volume":"23 1","pages":"140-151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2016-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67354601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Bērziņš, Aija Ceriņa, M. Kalniņš, L. Lōugas, H. Lübke, John S. Meadow
The Neolithic site of Priedaine in Jūrmala was excavated on a small scale in 2007–2008, yielding an assemblage of Comb Ceramics, along with unique wooden implements and fragments of pine-lath fishing structures. The environment and subsistence resources are indicated by plant macrofossil remains and a small faunal collection. Located by a palaeolake and also very close to the sea, the site, dated to c. 3700–3500 cal BC, would have been oriented towards aquatic resource exploitation. However, it had a wider range of functions, as indicated by the evidence of flint and amber processing. Key words: Neolithic, pottery, fishing gear, plant macro-remains, faunal remains, lake, coastal settlement. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15181/ab.v23i0.1294
{"title":"Priedaine: A Neolithic Site at the HEAD of the Gulf of Riga","authors":"V. Bērziņš, Aija Ceriņa, M. Kalniņš, L. Lōugas, H. Lübke, John S. Meadow","doi":"10.15181/AB.V23I0.1294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15181/AB.V23I0.1294","url":null,"abstract":"The Neolithic site of Priedaine in Jūrmala was excavated on a small scale in 2007–2008, yielding an assemblage of Comb Ceramics, along with unique wooden implements and fragments of pine-lath fishing structures. The environment and subsistence resources are indicated by plant macrofossil remains and a small faunal collection. Located by a palaeolake and also very close to the sea, the site, dated to c. 3700–3500 cal BC, would have been oriented towards aquatic resource exploitation. However, it had a wider range of functions, as indicated by the evidence of flint and amber processing. Key words: Neolithic, pottery, fishing gear, plant macro-remains, faunal remains, lake, coastal settlement. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15181/ab.v23i0.1294","PeriodicalId":29741,"journal":{"name":"Archaeologia Baltica","volume":"23 1","pages":"12-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2016-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67354487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In 2014 and 2015, new underwater archaeological sites were discovered in Lake Sāviena in the east of Latvia. The first site, according to C14 dating, goes back 4510 +/-55 years. In the other site, artefacts and ceramics from the Late Iron Age were discovered. Here, on the shore of the lake, adjacent cultural occupation of the settlement was discovered. It is possible to make preliminary conclusions that the shores of Lake Sāviena had been inhabited for a long time, which was certainly associated with the lake’s waters. Key words: lake dwelling, flying lake, underwater constructions, settlement. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15181/ab.v23i0.1307
{"title":"Newly Discovered Marks of Dwelling in Lake Sāviena (Latvia)","authors":"Juris Urtāns","doi":"10.15181/ab.v23i0.1307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15181/ab.v23i0.1307","url":null,"abstract":"In 2014 and 2015, new underwater archaeological sites were discovered in Lake Sāviena in the east of Latvia. The first site, according to C14 dating, goes back 4510 +/-55 years. In the other site, artefacts and ceramics from the Late Iron Age were discovered. Here, on the shore of the lake, adjacent cultural occupation of the settlement was discovered. It is possible to make preliminary conclusions that the shores of Lake Sāviena had been inhabited for a long time, which was certainly associated with the lake’s waters. Key words: lake dwelling, flying lake, underwater constructions, settlement. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15181/ab.v23i0.1307","PeriodicalId":29741,"journal":{"name":"Archaeologia Baltica","volume":"23 1","pages":"208-213"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2016-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67354897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bartosz Kontny, Tomasz Nowakiewicz, Aleksandra Rzeszotarska Nowakiewicz
In October 2014 and June 2015, a team of scholars and students from the Institute of Archaeology, University of Warsaw featuring the Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, made an underwater survey in the unnamed lake (formerly Herrn-See) in the village of Lubanowo (formerly Liebenow) in Western Pomerania. During the underwater research, weapons, tools and horse harness parts (including chain reins) were found. They are dated mainly to the Roman Period, but also to the Middle Ages. Some items bear traces of ritual destruction. Parallels may be pointed out with weapons in Przeworsk culture, and to some extent also in Scandinavia. The site should be attributed to sacrificial military deposits. Its extraordinary character lies in the fact that so far it is the only site of its type which is still in its ‘lake stage’, i.e. not a marsh or bog. Most probably it was used by local inhabitants, the people of the Lubusz group. Key words: Herrn-See, Lubanowo village, underwater research, weapon deposit, Roman Period. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15181/ab.v23i0.1296
2014年10月和2015年6月，来自华沙大学考古研究所和波兰科学院考古与民族学研究所的一组学者和学生在波美拉尼亚西部卢巴诺沃村(以前的利贝诺)的一个未命名的湖(以前的赫恩湖)进行了水下调查。在水下研究中，发现了武器、工具和马具部件(包括缰绳)。它们主要可以追溯到罗马时期，但也可以追溯到中世纪。有些物品有仪式破坏的痕迹。在普热沃斯克文化中，在某种程度上，在斯堪的纳维亚半岛，也可以指出武器的相似之处。该遗址应归因于牺牲的军事沉积物。它的独特之处在于，到目前为止，它是该类型中唯一一个仍处于“湖泊阶段”的地点，即不是沼泽或沼泽。最有可能的是，它是由当地居民，卢布斯族的人使用的。关键词:herern - see, Lubanowo村，水下研究，武器库，罗马时期DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15181/ab.v23i0.1296
{"title":"THE TURNING POINT: PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF UNDERWATER RESEARCH OF THE FORMER HERRN-SEE AT THE VILLAGE OF LUBANOWO (WESTERN POMERANIA, POLAND)","authors":"Bartosz Kontny, Tomasz Nowakiewicz, Aleksandra Rzeszotarska Nowakiewicz","doi":"10.15181/AB.V23I0.1296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15181/AB.V23I0.1296","url":null,"abstract":"In October 2014 and June 2015, a team of scholars and students from the Institute of Archaeology, University of Warsaw featuring the Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, made an underwater survey in the unnamed lake (formerly Herrn-See) in the village of Lubanowo (formerly Liebenow) in Western Pomerania. During the underwater research, weapons, tools and horse harness parts (including chain reins) were found. They are dated mainly to the Roman Period, but also to the Middle Ages. Some items bear traces of ritual destruction. Parallels may be pointed out with weapons in Przeworsk culture, and to some extent also in Scandinavia. The site should be attributed to sacrificial military deposits. Its extraordinary character lies in the fact that so far it is the only site of its type which is still in its ‘lake stage’, i.e. not a marsh or bog. Most probably it was used by local inhabitants, the people of the Lubusz group. Key words: Herrn-See, Lubanowo village, underwater research, weapon deposit, Roman Period. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15181/ab.v23i0.1296","PeriodicalId":29741,"journal":{"name":"Archaeologia Baltica","volume":"23 1","pages":"45-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2016-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67354628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A silver hoard found in what is currently called Skometno, and bought by the Museum of Prehistory in Berlin, is the basis for a discussion about Medieval hoards in the Baltic region concerning typology and chronology. The hoard, which can be dated to the second half of the 11th century, also shows interesting similarities with a hoard which was found in Skomenten in 1927. It was brought to the Prussia Museum in Konigsberg, and has been lost since the end of the Second World War. Key words: East Prussia, Viking Age, hoard, ingots, Skometno. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15181/ab.v23i0.1304
{"title":"THE SECOND HOARD OF SKOMĘTNO","authors":"Heino Neumayer","doi":"10.15181/AB.V23I0.1304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15181/AB.V23I0.1304","url":null,"abstract":"A silver hoard found in what is currently called Skometno, and bought by the Museum of Prehistory in Berlin, is the basis for a discussion about Medieval hoards in the Baltic region concerning typology and chronology. The hoard, which can be dated to the second half of the 11th century, also shows interesting similarities with a hoard which was found in Skomenten in 1927. It was brought to the Prussia Museum in Konigsberg, and has been lost since the end of the Second World War. Key words: East Prussia, Viking Age, hoard, ingots, Skometno. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15181/ab.v23i0.1304","PeriodicalId":29741,"journal":{"name":"Archaeologia Baltica","volume":"26 1","pages":"171-180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2016-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67355032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Penannular brooches with rolled terminals are known in Latgallian areas from the eighth century, and brooches with polygonal (faceted and funnel-shaped) terminals from the middle of the ninth century. At the same time, they were widespread in a large area, including Scandinavia. Penannular brooches on Gotland have been analysed, and these are very similar to those of the Latgallians. Although the origin of the polygonal terminals of brooches is unclear, the same ornamentation can be found on Gotland, and in a broader context in the Scandinavian Vendel Period patterns of ornamentation. The new ideas appeared in the form of Latgallian penannular brooches at the same time or a little later than on Gotland. The new pattern of ornamentation also influenced the ornamentation of bracelets, or vice versa. The contacts between Latgallians and Gotland or Scandinavia were possibly long-standing, lasting about three centuries. If Latgallian artisans were themselves producing this kind of penannular brooch, then they were not creating new forms, but imitating existing ones. Key words: penannular brooches, polygonal, faceted, funnel-shaped and star-shaped terminals, ornamentation of the hoop of the brooch, Gotland, Latgallians. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15181/ab.v23i0.1306
{"title":"Artistic Influence or Close Trading Contacts? Latgallian Penannular Brooches and Gotland (the Ninth to Eleventh Century)","authors":"B. Vaska","doi":"10.15181/ab.v23i0.1306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15181/ab.v23i0.1306","url":null,"abstract":"Penannular brooches with rolled terminals are known in Latgallian areas from the eighth century, and brooches with polygonal (faceted and funnel-shaped) terminals from the middle of the ninth century. At the same time, they were widespread in a large area, including Scandinavia. Penannular brooches on Gotland have been analysed, and these are very similar to those of the Latgallians. Although the origin of the polygonal terminals of brooches is unclear, the same ornamentation can be found on Gotland, and in a broader context in the Scandinavian Vendel Period patterns of ornamentation. The new ideas appeared in the form of Latgallian penannular brooches at the same time or a little later than on Gotland. The new pattern of ornamentation also influenced the ornamentation of bracelets, or vice versa. The contacts between Latgallians and Gotland or Scandinavia were possibly long-standing, lasting about three centuries. If Latgallian artisans were themselves producing this kind of penannular brooch, then they were not creating new forms, but imitating existing ones. Key words: penannular brooches, polygonal, faceted, funnel-shaped and star-shaped terminals, ornamentation of the hoop of the brooch, Gotland, Latgallians. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15181/ab.v23i0.1306","PeriodicalId":29741,"journal":{"name":"Archaeologia Baltica","volume":"23 1","pages":"199-207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2016-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67355270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One peculiarity of the Suwalska Group of Sudovian culture is the very large number of barrows with destroyed inhumation graves. Since the 1950s, this fact has been interpreted as the result of the robbery of grave goods, which took place in late Antiquity. Common features in the ‘robbed graves’ observed in cemeteries at Osowa site I, and the villages of Szwajcaria and Żywa Woda, were: 1) the concavity of the top of the barrow and the lack of stones in the stone lining on the barrow surface; 2) traces of the ‘robbery trench’; 3) the multilayer stone pavement (concentration) over the skeleton grave; 4) the complete or partial lack of human bones in the grave, especially the lack of a skull and bones of the post-cranial skeleton, with the exception of the legs; and 5) traces of fire in the grave pits and on the stone pavements. These features and the almost complete lack of human bones in the stratified layers of the barrows, formed as a result of ‘robbery’, lead us to the conclusion that they were material traces of ritual practices connected with opening the barrows and relocating human bones and grave goods from inhumations. The basis of these activities was probably the principle of the proper burial of the dead. The real moment of death was not the end of the vital functions, but the complete decomposition of the body. After that, the re-deposition and secondary burial of bones took place. Key words: West Balts, Roman Period, robbed barrows, ritual activities. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15181/ab.v23i0.1301
{"title":"ROBBERY OR RITUAL ACTIVITIES? SEARCHING FOR A REINTERPRETATION AND GENESIS OF THE ‘ROBBED BARROWS’ OF SUDOVIAN CULTURE","authors":"M. Karczewski","doi":"10.15181/AB.V23I0.1301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15181/AB.V23I0.1301","url":null,"abstract":"One peculiarity of the Suwalska Group of Sudovian culture is the very large number of barrows with destroyed inhumation graves. Since the 1950s, this fact has been interpreted as the result of the robbery of grave goods, which took place in late Antiquity. Common features in the ‘robbed graves’ observed in cemeteries at Osowa site I, and the villages of Szwajcaria and Żywa Woda, were: 1) the concavity of the top of the barrow and the lack of stones in the stone lining on the barrow surface; 2) traces of the ‘robbery trench’; 3) the multilayer stone pavement (concentration) over the skeleton grave; 4) the complete or partial lack of human bones in the grave, especially the lack of a skull and bones of the post-cranial skeleton, with the exception of the legs; and 5) traces of fire in the grave pits and on the stone pavements. These features and the almost complete lack of human bones in the stratified layers of the barrows, formed as a result of ‘robbery’, lead us to the conclusion that they were material traces of ritual practices connected with opening the barrows and relocating human bones and grave goods from inhumations. The basis of these activities was probably the principle of the proper burial of the dead. The real moment of death was not the end of the vital functions, but the complete decomposition of the body. After that, the re-deposition and secondary burial of bones took place. Key words: West Balts, Roman Period, robbed barrows, ritual activities. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15181/ab.v23i0.1301","PeriodicalId":29741,"journal":{"name":"Archaeologia Baltica","volume":"23 1","pages":"112-128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2016-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67354341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A settlement was established by English merchants in Sventoji in the second half of the 17th century. The rich collection of artefacts and historic documents distinctly suggests the daily life of merchants. In this paper, the artefacts are assessed as indicators of the cultural and personal identity. Most of the finds were imported, and not locally produced. Their provenance, if possible, was identified and associated with manufacturing centres by using a comparative method. Ceramic dishes, glass vessels and cutlery represent merchants’ dining traditions and habits, while personal belongings can be associated with the presentation of social status or individual expression. Key words: archaeology of the early modern period, Sventoji, English merchants, tableware, personal belongings, cultural identity. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15181/ab.v23i0.1308
{"title":"THE ENGLISH MERCHANTS’ SETTLEMENT IN ŠVENTOJI: AN ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF THE ARTEFACTS","authors":"Edvinas Ubis, Miglė Urbonaitė Ubė","doi":"10.15181/AB.V23I0.1308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15181/AB.V23I0.1308","url":null,"abstract":"A settlement was established by English merchants in Sventoji in the second half of the 17th century. The rich collection of artefacts and historic documents distinctly suggests the daily life of merchants. In this paper, the artefacts are assessed as indicators of the cultural and personal identity. Most of the finds were imported, and not locally produced. Their provenance, if possible, was identified and associated with manufacturing centres by using a comparative method. Ceramic dishes, glass vessels and cutlery represent merchants’ dining traditions and habits, while personal belongings can be associated with the presentation of social status or individual expression. Key words: archaeology of the early modern period, Sventoji, English merchants, tableware, personal belongings, cultural identity. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15181/ab.v23i0.1308","PeriodicalId":29741,"journal":{"name":"Archaeologia Baltica","volume":"23 1","pages":"214-224"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2016-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67354946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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