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The Odyssey Continues 奥德赛继续
Pub Date : 2021-05-15 DOI: 10.7591/cornell/9781501755439.003.0012
M. Gershun, J. Lantos
This chapter chronicles the author's narrative following her new hypertension medication routine until her blood pressure met Mayo standards. It details the costs, the hassles, and the barriers to donating a kidney that the author experienced, notably the blood kit shipping glitch, the early arrival of the blood pressure cuff, and having to return the blood pressure apparatus and submit her PAP smear, colonoscopy, and mammogram results. The chapter then shifts to illustrate the results of the committee deliberation after the rigorous process and evaluation the author went through. Finally, the chapter presents the possibility of entering the Kidney Paired Donation program after the author and Deb Porter Gill obtained the results.
这一章记录了作者在她新的高血压药物治疗之后的故事,直到她的血压达到了梅奥标准。书中详细描述了作者在捐肾过程中所经历的费用、麻烦和障碍,特别是血包运输故障、血压袖带提前到达、必须归还血压计并提交她的PAP涂片、结肠镜检查和乳房x光检查结果。然后,本章转向说明经过严格的程序和评估后,委员会审议的结果。最后,本章介绍了作者和Deb Porter Gill获得结果后进入肾脏配对捐赠计划的可能性。
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引用次数: 0
Do I Own My Organs? 我拥有我的器官吗?
Pub Date : 2021-05-15 DOI: 10.7591/cornell/9781501755439.003.0005
M. Gershun, J. Lantos
This chapter evaluates the author's narrative after her meeting with Deb Porter Gill. It offers a variety of outcomes if the author had not liked Deb and withdrawn the offer to donate. That could have been for any reason, including political values, lifestyle, religion, or skin color. The chapter argues that living donors are treated by the law and by doctors as the owners of their bodies, and their body parts are considered goods that they can donate or not to whomever they want. The chapter examines the justice-based approach to organ allocation. In contrast with the living donors, cadaveric donors are generally put into national pools and allocated according to nationally agreed-upon criteria. The chapter states that their use is governed not by the autonomy-based preferences of the donor or the donor's family but, instead, by considerations of justice that are built into the administrative rules that dictate how organs should be allocated. Ultimately, the chapter presents the practical reasons for treating cadaveric organs differently than organs from a living donor.
本章评价作者与黛布·波特·吉尔会面后的叙述。如果作者不喜欢黛布并撤回捐赠提议,它会提供各种结果。这可能是任何原因造成的,包括政治价值观、生活方式、宗教信仰或肤色。该章节认为,法律和医生将活体捐赠者视为自己身体的主人,他们的身体部位被视为物品,他们可以将其捐赠或不捐赠给任何他们想要的人。本章探讨了以公正为基础的器官分配方法。与活体捐献者不同的是,尸体捐献者通常被纳入国家捐献库,并根据国家商定的标准进行分配。这一章指出,它们的使用不是由捐赠者或捐赠者家庭基于自主的偏好决定的,而是由行政规则中规定如何分配器官的正义考虑决定的。最后,本章提出了处理尸体器官与活体供体器官不同的实际原因。
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引用次数: 0
Why Not Me? 为什么不是我?
Pub Date : 2021-05-15 DOI: 10.7591/cornell/9781501755439.003.0002
M. Gershun, J. Lantos
This chapter discusses a system for screening living donors. The chapter begins with a narrative of the author as she was anxiously waiting to hear whether the Transplant Selection Committee at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, was going to approve her as a kidney donor. It then recounts the author's decision to donate one of her kidneys to a stranger. A few months earlier, she had read an article in the Kansas City Jewish Chronicle about a woman who needed a kidney. The article detailed how Deb Porter Gill had been diagnosed with insulin dependent diabetes and developed unrelated chronic kidney disease. The chapter narrates the reasons why Deb's story tugged at the author. Ultimately, the chapter looks at the importance of the whole series of evaluation and screening in kidney transplantation.
本章讨论筛选活体捐献者的制度。这一章从作者的叙述开始,她焦急地等待着明尼苏达州罗切斯特市梅奥诊所(Mayo Clinic)的移植选择委员会(transplantation Selection Committee)是否会批准她作为肾脏捐赠者。然后叙述了作者决定将她的一个肾脏捐给一个陌生人。几个月前,她在《堪萨斯城犹太纪事报》(Kansas City Jewish Chronicle)上读到一篇文章,说一位妇女需要一个肾脏。这篇文章详细描述了Deb Porter Gill是如何被诊断为胰岛素依赖型糖尿病并发展成无关的慢性肾脏疾病的。这一章叙述了黛布的故事吸引作者的原因。最后,本章着眼于整个系列的评估和筛选肾移植的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Lessons Learned 经验教训
Pub Date : 2021-05-15 DOI: 10.7591/cornell/9781501755439.003.0021
M. Gershun, J. Lantos
This chapter talks about the key lessons following the author's story. It argues that kidney donors are not patients in the traditional sense of that word, and should perhaps think of them as philanthropists who donate a body part instead of donating money. The chapter investigates the attitudes, procedures and practices, and ethos of transplant centers with regard to living donors. It examines the sorts of barriers that the author described, and studies how the process or the cost may put off good candidates to donate. The chapter then turns to discuss the significance of increasing the number of kidney transplants in society. It illustrates how research into the motivations of donors led to the development and widespread adoption of a set of guidelines for evaluating stranger donors. Ultimately, the chapter discusses transplant centers and advocacy organizations' use of conventional and social media, and personal networks to encourage, train, and help patients to “recruit” unrelated donors.
本章讨论了作者故事的关键教训。它认为,肾脏捐赠者不是传统意义上的病人,也许应该把他们看作是捐赠身体部位而不是捐款的慈善家。本章调查的态度,程序和做法,和精神的移植中心,关于活体捐赠者。它检查了作者所描述的各种障碍,并研究了过程或成本如何阻止优秀的候选人捐赠。然后,本章转向讨论增加肾脏移植数量在社会上的意义。它说明了对捐赠者动机的研究如何导致了一套评估陌生人捐赠者的指导方针的发展和广泛采用。最后,这一章讨论了移植中心和倡导组织使用传统和社会媒体,以及个人网络来鼓励、培训和帮助患者“招募”无关的捐赠者。
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引用次数: 0
Going Public, Moving Forward 上市,前进
Pub Date : 2021-05-15 DOI: 10.7591/cornell/9781501755439.003.0014
M. Gershun, J. Lantos
This chapter looks at how the author and Deb Porter Gill decided to go public on social media about their match. The chapter narrates the people's reactions upon hearing their story, most either thought the author was a living saint or a misguided fool. It also inspired some of their acquaintances to share their own family stories about kidney disease, organ donation, and other medical miracles. Some talked about the health problems that regrettably meant they could never donate. The chapter also mentions the Kansas City Jewish Chronicle's update to Deb's story, which launched quite a bit of quiet speculation in the Kansas City Jewish community about who had been identified as Deb's match.
本章将探讨作者和黛布·波特·吉尔是如何决定在社交媒体上公开他们的恋情的。这一章讲述了人们听到他们的故事后的反应,大多数人要么认为作者是一个活着的圣人,要么是一个误入歧途的傻瓜。这也激励了他们的一些熟人分享他们自己关于肾脏疾病、器官捐赠和其他医学奇迹的家庭故事。一些人谈到了健康问题,遗憾的是,这意味着他们永远无法捐赠。这一章还提到了《堪萨斯城犹太纪事报》对黛布故事的更新,这在堪萨斯城犹太社区引发了相当多的猜测,关于谁被认定是黛布的配偶。
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引用次数: 0
The Countdown Begins 倒计时开始
Pub Date : 2021-05-15 DOI: 10.7591/cornell/9781501755439.003.0015
M. Gershun, J. Lantos
This chapter begins with Deb Porter Gill and the author's discussion about directed donation after their chain in the paired exchange called off. The chapter then displays Deb's frustrations with the Mayo Clinic's lack of communication and attention to detail in the process of her impending surgery and other necessary tests. It then turns to highlight the author's biggest obstacle: the dry ice saga. The author received an email from Mayo, with template language saying they were required to recheck blood for HIV and hepatitis within twenty-eight days of all organ donation surgeries. The chapter describes how the author struggled to find a dry ice source and shipment to ship the HIV-hepatitis lab kit back to Mayo on time.
本章从Deb Porter Gill和作者在配对交换链被取消后对定向捐赠的讨论开始。然后,这一章展示了黛布对梅奥诊所在她即将进行的手术和其他必要的检查过程中缺乏沟通和对细节的关注的失望。然后,它转而强调了作者最大的障碍:干冰传奇。提交人收到了梅奥医院的一封电子邮件,邮件中模版语言说,他们被要求在所有器官捐献手术后的28天内重新检查血液中是否有艾滋病毒和肝炎。本章描述了作者如何努力寻找干冰源和运输,将hiv -肝炎实验室试剂盒按时运回梅奥。
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引用次数: 0
Epilogue 后记
Pub Date : 2021-05-15 DOI: 10.7591/cornell/9781501755439.003.0022
M. Gershun, J. Lantos
This chapter looks at Deb Porter Gill's and the author's lives nearly two years since transplant operation. Both women continue to enjoy good health, with no significant complications from the procedure. It describes Deb's vigilant regimen of medications, as her prescriptions put transplant recipients at particular risk for COVID-19. The chapter also highlights Deb's periodic checkups and the author's sixth-month follow-up and last visit to the clinic. One year after the donation surgery, the author's tests showed that she continued to do well with one kidney. Ultimately, the chapter discusses the friendship they created following the surgery, and the author's partnership to write a book.
本章回顾了移植手术近两年来黛布·波特·吉尔和作者的生活。两名妇女都很健康,手术后没有出现明显的并发症。它描述了黛布警惕的药物治疗方案,因为她的处方使移植接受者特别容易感染COVID-19。这一章还强调了黛布的定期检查以及作者六个月的随访和最后一次访问诊所。在捐赠手术一年后,提交人的检查显示,她的一个肾仍然很好。最后,这一章讨论了他们在手术后建立的友谊,以及作者合作写书。
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引用次数: 0
The Arcane Process of Screening Living Donors 筛选活体捐赠者的神秘过程
Pub Date : 2021-05-15 DOI: 10.7591/cornell/9781501755439.003.0003
M. Gershun, J. Lantos
This chapter focuses on the careful medical and psychosocial screening that is required for living donors. It analyzes the motivations of family donors, voluntariness, and the possibility of intrafamilial coercion. In the early days of transplantation, nobody was considering living donors who were unrelated to the recipient. That was partly for legal reasons, partly for emotional reasons, but mostly for medical reasons. The chapter then shifts to discuss the first kidney transplant that took place in 1950, and traces the discoveries and developments in early medical science. The key breakthrough in improving outcomes for liver, kidney, and heart transplants was the fortuitous discovery of a remarkable new immunosuppressive medication, cyclosporine, and better tissue typing. The chapter then investigates how these developments in immunosuppression and tissue matching improved the outcomes of transplantation from both related and unrelated donors.
本章的重点是对活体捐赠者进行细致的医疗和心理筛查。分析了家庭捐赠者的动机、自愿性和家庭内部强制的可能性。在移植的早期,没有人考虑与接受者无关的活体捐赠者。这部分是出于法律原因,部分是出于情感原因,但主要是出于医疗原因。然后,本章转向讨论1950年发生的第一次肾脏移植手术,并追溯早期医学的发现和发展。改善肝、肾和心脏移植结果的关键突破是偶然发现了一种引人注目的新型免疫抑制药物环孢素,以及更好的组织分型。然后,本章探讨了免疫抑制和组织匹配的这些发展如何改善来自相关和非相关供体的移植结果。
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引用次数: 0
Complexities of Increasing Organ Supply 增加器官供应的复杂性
Pub Date : 2021-05-15 DOI: 10.7591/cornell/9781501755439.003.0013
M. Gershun, J. Lantos
This chapter investigates why the various matching and swapping arrangements are hard to implement, arguing it is difficult to schedule even one transplant in ways that are convenient for the donor and meet the needs of the recipient. The chapter analyses the difficulties of this complicated exchange, especially if there are two or more transplants. With such awareness, the chapter reviews the innovative program that was recently initiated at the University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center, which allows people to donate a kidney today in exchange for a voucher that a designated recipient can redeem for a kidney in the future if and when a kidney is needed. Even though the new and more complex elaboration of paired exchanges or vouchers increased the pool of people who can donate and increased the chances for people on transplant waiting lists to get an organ, the chapter explores how they begin to look more and more like markets. And, in most countries, markets in organs are illegal.
本章调查了各种匹配和交换安排难以实施的原因,认为很难安排一次移植,既方便捐赠者,又满足接受者的需要。这一章分析了这种复杂交换的困难,特别是如果有两个或更多的移植。有了这样的认识,本章回顾了加州大学洛杉矶医学中心最近发起的创新项目,该项目允许人们今天捐赠一个肾脏,以换取一张代金券,指定的接受者可以在未来需要肾脏时兑换一个肾脏。尽管配对交换或代金券的新和更复杂的阐述增加了可以捐赠器官的人数,并增加了移植等待名单上的人获得器官的机会,但本章探讨了它们如何开始变得越来越像市场。而且,在大多数国家,器官交易市场是非法的。
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引用次数: 0
The Endgame 的结局
Pub Date : 2021-05-15 DOI: 10.7591/cornell/9781501755439.003.0010
M. Gershun, J. Lantos
This chapter begins with detailing the author's final results following her three-day grueling tests for glucose tolerance, psychological screening, kidney function, EKG, and a chest X-ray. The author found out that there was an issue with her blood pressure. It then outlines the four available choices she could take: to end the process, to lose some weight and reduce salt intake and retest in a few months, to start on a very low dose of antihypertensive medication and retest in two weeks, and finally, to take her current results to the Transplant Selection Committee and hope for the best. Ultimately, the chapter presents an alternative plan, to become part of the Kidney Paired Donation program, if the new blood tests ruled the author unable to donate directly to the intended recipient.
本章首先详细介绍了作者经过三天艰苦的葡萄糖耐量、心理筛查、肾功能、心电图和胸部x光检查后的最终结果。作者发现她的血压有问题。然后,它概述了她可以采取的四种选择:结束这个过程,减肥并减少盐的摄入量,并在几个月内重新测试,开始服用非常小剂量的降压药,并在两周内重新测试,最后,将她目前的结果提交给移植选择委员会,并希望最好的结果。最后,这一章提出了一个替代方案,如果新的血液测试规定作者不能直接捐赠给预期的接受者,那么他将成为肾脏配对捐赠计划的一部分。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Kidney to Share
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