Abstract:In 1975 Melville Clinic opened as an experimental community mental health centre in the ethnically-diverse, working-class inner Melbourne suburb of Brunswick. It was established with funding support from the Victorian and Commonwealth governments and was intended to test and refine elements of a community care model that was starting to provide an alternative to entrenched systems of mental hospital care. Developing alongside and extending on European and United States interpretations of the model, Melville Clinic was designed as a force for innovation in the areas of clinical work style, staff roles, organisational structure, and geographic positioning within the community it served. It also aspired to novel types of involvement in community work, multicultural sensitivity, collection of evidence about its performance, and timely self-evaluation. This paper scrutinises the bumpy course of its experimental strategies over the course of seven years during which the clinic retained some of its innovations, divested itself of others, while also changing key aspects of the way it delivered public community-based mental health services. A candid self-evaluation published in 1982 reflected insights gained during the experiment. From a present-day perspective the clinic, now defunct, provides a useful case study of community-based care at an important stage in the evolution of public mental health service formulation and delivery in Australia.
{"title":"Melville Clinic, A Utopian Experiment in Community Mental Health Services: What Was New and What Survived?","authors":"A. Westmore","doi":"10.1353/hah.2022.0040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/hah.2022.0040","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:In 1975 Melville Clinic opened as an experimental community mental health centre in the ethnically-diverse, working-class inner Melbourne suburb of Brunswick. It was established with funding support from the Victorian and Commonwealth governments and was intended to test and refine elements of a community care model that was starting to provide an alternative to entrenched systems of mental hospital care. Developing alongside and extending on European and United States interpretations of the model, Melville Clinic was designed as a force for innovation in the areas of clinical work style, staff roles, organisational structure, and geographic positioning within the community it served. It also aspired to novel types of involvement in community work, multicultural sensitivity, collection of evidence about its performance, and timely self-evaluation. This paper scrutinises the bumpy course of its experimental strategies over the course of seven years during which the clinic retained some of its innovations, divested itself of others, while also changing key aspects of the way it delivered public community-based mental health services. A candid self-evaluation published in 1982 reflected insights gained during the experiment. From a present-day perspective the clinic, now defunct, provides a useful case study of community-based care at an important stage in the evolution of public mental health service formulation and delivery in Australia.","PeriodicalId":29747,"journal":{"name":"Health and History","volume":"24 1","pages":"31 - 5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49240854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Life and Letters of Elizabeth McMillan 1882–1943 ed. by Clare F. Ashton (review)","authors":"L. Bryder","doi":"10.1353/hah.2022.0032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/hah.2022.0032","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29747,"journal":{"name":"Health and History","volume":"24 1","pages":"197 - 199"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45309018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reflections about the Impact of Interviews for Interviewees and Interviewers in the ARC Project: The Development of Australian Community Psychiatry after 1970","authors":"R. Burge","doi":"10.1353/hah.2022.0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/hah.2022.0022","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29747,"journal":{"name":"Health and History","volume":"24 1","pages":"152 - 160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48735761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Admissions: Voices Within Mental Health ed. by David Stavanger, Radhiah Chowdhury and Mohammad Awad (review)","authors":"James Dunk","doi":"10.1353/hah.2022.0036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/hah.2022.0036","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29747,"journal":{"name":"Health and History","volume":"24 1","pages":"205 - 207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43700817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Schizophrenia: You Can’t Talk About That! Reflections on a Lifetime of Mental Health Advocacy","authors":"M. Leggatt","doi":"10.1353/hah.2022.0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/hah.2022.0018","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29747,"journal":{"name":"Health and History","volume":"24 1","pages":"125 - 130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48210873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:Early initiatives in the 1950s towards community mental health care for older people focussed on dementia care with trans-institutionalisation from state-funded mental hospitals to mainly Commonwealth-funded nursing homes. Initial efforts led by Herbert Bower at Willsmere Hospital in the 1960s focussed on diagnostic assessments and day hospitals. Comprehensive outreach services for older people from mental hospitals appeared in Victoria and NSW in the late 1960s but remained sporadic until the 1990s. The Aged Care Reform strategy of the 1980s resulted in the acceptance that dementia care was largely a Commonwealth responsibility, consolidating the split from mental health. In contrast, the development of state-funded community older people’s mental health services has varied between the states and territories with Victoria leading the way in the 1990s. Gaps in service development emerged in the 2000s accentuated by the focus of successive National Mental Health Plans on younger people.
{"title":"Issues in the Development of Community Mental Health Services for Older People in Australia, 1950–2020","authors":"Brian Draper","doi":"10.1353/hah.2022.0042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/hah.2022.0042","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Early initiatives in the 1950s towards community mental health care for older people focussed on dementia care with trans-institutionalisation from state-funded mental hospitals to mainly Commonwealth-funded nursing homes. Initial efforts led by Herbert Bower at Willsmere Hospital in the 1960s focussed on diagnostic assessments and day hospitals. Comprehensive outreach services for older people from mental hospitals appeared in Victoria and NSW in the late 1960s but remained sporadic until the 1990s. The Aged Care Reform strategy of the 1980s resulted in the acceptance that dementia care was largely a Commonwealth responsibility, consolidating the split from mental health. In contrast, the development of state-funded community older people’s mental health services has varied between the states and territories with Victoria leading the way in the 1990s. Gaps in service development emerged in the 2000s accentuated by the focus of successive National Mental Health Plans on younger people.","PeriodicalId":29747,"journal":{"name":"Health and History","volume":"24 1","pages":"58 - 80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46051882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Image from the January 1985 Newsletter Manic Depressive Self Help Group, Sydney Australia","authors":"Meg Smith","doi":"10.1353/hah.2022.0027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/hah.2022.0027","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29747,"journal":{"name":"Health and History","volume":"24 1","pages":"173 - 173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44823911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:This article analyses Karitāne hospitals as an unrecognised innovation in maternal mental health care in twentieth-century New Zealand. Leading infant welfare organisation, the Plunket Society, established six Karitāne hospitals between 1907 and 1927, which operated until 1980. Historical scholarship has focused predominantly on the infant welfare functions of the hospitals and the nurses who worked there. As a site of interaction with new mothers, the Karitāne hospitals understood and supported mothers identified with mental illness and emotional problems after birth. This article considers the hospitals’ rise and demise through three leaders of the Plunket Society to trace the shifting characterisation of maternal mental illness in New Zealand.
{"title":"New Zealand’s Karitāne Hospitals and Maternal Mental Health Care, 1907 to 1980","authors":"M. Walker","doi":"10.1353/hah.2022.0043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/hah.2022.0043","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article analyses Karitāne hospitals as an unrecognised innovation in maternal mental health care in twentieth-century New Zealand. Leading infant welfare organisation, the Plunket Society, established six Karitāne hospitals between 1907 and 1927, which operated until 1980. Historical scholarship has focused predominantly on the infant welfare functions of the hospitals and the nurses who worked there. As a site of interaction with new mothers, the Karitāne hospitals understood and supported mothers identified with mental illness and emotional problems after birth. This article considers the hospitals’ rise and demise through three leaders of the Plunket Society to trace the shifting characterisation of maternal mental illness in New Zealand.","PeriodicalId":29747,"journal":{"name":"Health and History","volume":"24 1","pages":"104 - 81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47105253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Anatomists of Empire: Race, Evolution and the Discovery of Human Biology in the British World by Ross L. Jones (review)","authors":"K. Winkel","doi":"10.1353/hah.2022.0035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/hah.2022.0035","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29747,"journal":{"name":"Health and History","volume":"24 1","pages":"203 - 205"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46787382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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