{"title":"Land, Population and the Evolution of New England Society, 1630–1790","authors":"Kenneth A. Lockridge","doi":"10.4324/9780429443602-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429443602-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":298028,"journal":{"name":"European and non-European Societies, 1450–1800","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115354402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-16DOI: 10.4324/9780429443602-13
C. D. Silva
{"title":"Beyond the Cape: The Portuguese Encounter with the Peoples of South Asia","authors":"C. D. Silva","doi":"10.4324/9780429443602-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429443602-13","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":298028,"journal":{"name":"European and non-European Societies, 1450–1800","volume":"35 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130507746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Ethnohistory of Early America: A Reveiw Essay","authors":"J. Axtell","doi":"10.4324/9780429443602-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429443602-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":298028,"journal":{"name":"European and non-European Societies, 1450–1800","volume":"61 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123468482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Les nations europeennes qui tenterent d'etablir un empire dans le nouveau monde partagerent la meme attitude fondamentale meme si leurs facons de traiter les Amerindiens ont differe. Toutes et chacune croyaient qu'en tant que nation chretienne elles avaient un droit d'hegemonie sur les terres et les peuples non-chretiens, voire meme, dans le cas des Ameriques, elles consideraient qu'elles n'avaient pas a tenir compte des desirs des autochtones. Le fait d'etablir une suzerainete supposait, cependant, qu'une entente quelconque s'etablisse entre les Europeens et les Amerindiens, qu'il s'agisse d'une « conquete » ou d'un « accord » obtenu plus ou moins volontairement. Assez curieusement, on appela ces ententes des « traites ». Certains furent ecrits a l'europeenne, d'autres furent conclus a l'amerindienne et certains emprunterent aux deux facons. Regle generale, l'Espagne n'eut recours au traite ecrit que vers la fin du 18e siecle et le Portugal, lui, ne l'utilisa que tres rarement. La France prefera presque toujours la maniere amerindienne sauf dans les cas ou la contrepartie etait alliee a d'autres nations europeennes. L'Angleterre, de son cote, opta tres tot pour le contrat ecrit de meme que la Hollande qui fut la premiere a acheter les terres qu'elle occupait, etablissant ainsi un genre de titre de propriete. Malgre ces diverses facons de faire, les nations europeennes resterent constantes dans leur attitude premiere et, en aucun temps, n'accepterent-elles les Amerindiens en tant que peuples souverains dans la famille des nations ; de meme, elles ne les considererent jamais comme ayant un statut social correspondant aux leurs. C'est cette attitude, bien plus que la bonte ou la cruaute, qui a profondement affecte la situation de l'Amerindien a mesure que l'Europeen s'emparait des Ameriques.
{"title":"Europeans and Amerindians: Some Comparative Aspects of Early Contact","authors":"Olive Patricia Dickason","doi":"10.7202/030842AR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/030842AR","url":null,"abstract":"Les nations europeennes qui tenterent d'etablir un empire dans le nouveau monde partagerent la meme attitude fondamentale meme si leurs facons de traiter les Amerindiens ont differe. Toutes et chacune croyaient qu'en tant que nation chretienne elles avaient un droit d'hegemonie sur les terres et les peuples non-chretiens, voire meme, dans le cas des Ameriques, elles consideraient qu'elles n'avaient pas a tenir compte des desirs des autochtones. Le fait d'etablir une suzerainete supposait, cependant, qu'une entente quelconque s'etablisse entre les Europeens et les Amerindiens, qu'il s'agisse d'une « conquete » ou d'un « accord » obtenu plus ou moins volontairement. Assez curieusement, on appela ces ententes des « traites ». Certains furent ecrits a l'europeenne, d'autres furent conclus a l'amerindienne et certains emprunterent aux deux facons. Regle generale, l'Espagne n'eut recours au traite ecrit que vers la fin du 18e siecle et le Portugal, lui, ne l'utilisa que tres rarement. La France prefera presque toujours la maniere amerindienne sauf dans les cas ou la contrepartie etait alliee a d'autres nations europeennes. L'Angleterre, de son cote, opta tres tot pour le contrat ecrit de meme que la Hollande qui fut la premiere a acheter les terres qu'elle occupait, etablissant ainsi un genre de titre de propriete. Malgre ces diverses facons de faire, les nations europeennes resterent constantes dans leur attitude premiere et, en aucun temps, n'accepterent-elles les Amerindiens en tant que peuples souverains dans la famille des nations ; de meme, elles ne les considererent jamais comme ayant un statut social correspondant aux leurs. C'est cette attitude, bien plus que la bonte ou la cruaute, qui a profondement affecte la situation de l'Amerindien a mesure que l'Europeen s'emparait des Ameriques.","PeriodicalId":298028,"journal":{"name":"European and non-European Societies, 1450–1800","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114380932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"‘We Are Well as We Are’: An Indian Critique of Seventeenth-Century Christian Missions","authors":"James P. Ronda","doi":"10.4324/9780429443602-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429443602-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":298028,"journal":{"name":"European and non-European Societies, 1450–1800","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124067892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-15DOI: 10.4324/9780429260148-14
E. Irschick
{"title":"Peasant Survival Strategies and Rehersals for Rebellion in Eighteenth-Century South India","authors":"E. Irschick","doi":"10.4324/9780429260148-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429260148-14","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":298028,"journal":{"name":"European and non-European Societies, 1450–1800","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127901783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In analyzing the historical development of Meso- and Andean-American society, historians have stressed the hacienda's destructive impact on native settlements, which, once broken down, became disposed to the adoption of Spanish traits. This view focuses primarily on the hacendado's acquisition of Indian land and labor and the resultant destruction, partial or complete, of traditional Indian forms of cultivation, trade, and ultimately social relationships. To the extent that the hacendado forced communal Indians to resettle in newly opened lands, cultivate European crops, and engage in European trade, he encouraged the Indians to abandon their traditional rituals and adopt readily available Spanish patterns as replacements.
{"title":"Hacienda-Indian Community Relations and Indian Acculturation: An Historiographical Essay","authors":"E. P. Grieshaber","doi":"10.4324/9780429260148-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429260148-4","url":null,"abstract":"In analyzing the historical development of Meso- and Andean-American society, historians have stressed the hacienda's destructive impact on native settlements, which, once broken down, became disposed to the adoption of Spanish traits. This view focuses primarily on the hacendado's acquisition of Indian land and labor and the resultant destruction, partial or complete, of traditional Indian forms of cultivation, trade, and ultimately social relationships. To the extent that the hacendado forced communal Indians to resettle in newly opened lands, cultivate European crops, and engage in European trade, he encouraged the Indians to abandon their traditional rituals and adopt readily available Spanish patterns as replacements.","PeriodicalId":298028,"journal":{"name":"European and non-European Societies, 1450–1800","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129517559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The approaching quincentenary of Christopher Columbus's arrival in the Caribbean is stimulating much discussion about how the native peoples of the New World perceived and reacted to European intruders during the sixteenth century. This occurs as both history and anthropology are being strongly influenced by the resurgence of cultural relativism, which accords to the beliefs transmitted within specific cultures a preeminent role as determinants of human behavior. This view has challenged and largely eclipsed the rationalist claim that human behavior is shaped mainly by calculations of individual self-interest that are uniform from one culture to another. Studies of how native peoples perceived the first Europeans they encountered will probably be strongly influenced by this shift in emphasis. I wish to investigate in this paper whether it is sound to assign cultural relativism a dominant role in the discussion of this issue. To answer that question, I will examine the conflicting claims of cultural relativists and rationalists and the utility of each position for interpreting the historical evidence. I will seek to demonstrate that, while cultural beliefs may have significantly influenced Indian reactions in the early stages of their en-
{"title":"Early Native North American Responses to European Contact: Romantic versus Rationalistic Interpretations","authors":"B. Trigger","doi":"10.2307/2078259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2078259","url":null,"abstract":"The approaching quincentenary of Christopher Columbus's arrival in the Caribbean is stimulating much discussion about how the native peoples of the New World perceived and reacted to European intruders during the sixteenth century. This occurs as both history and anthropology are being strongly influenced by the resurgence of cultural relativism, which accords to the beliefs transmitted within specific cultures a preeminent role as determinants of human behavior. This view has challenged and largely eclipsed the rationalist claim that human behavior is shaped mainly by calculations of individual self-interest that are uniform from one culture to another. Studies of how native peoples perceived the first Europeans they encountered will probably be strongly influenced by this shift in emphasis. I wish to investigate in this paper whether it is sound to assign cultural relativism a dominant role in the discussion of this issue. To answer that question, I will examine the conflicting claims of cultural relativists and rationalists and the utility of each position for interpreting the historical evidence. I will seek to demonstrate that, while cultural beliefs may have significantly influenced Indian reactions in the early stages of their en-","PeriodicalId":298028,"journal":{"name":"European and non-European Societies, 1450–1800","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127604085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Feudalism, Capitalism, and the World-System in the Perspective of Latin America and the Caribbean","authors":"S. Stern","doi":"10.1086/AHR/93.4.829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/AHR/93.4.829","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":298028,"journal":{"name":"European and non-European Societies, 1450–1800","volume":"05 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129214995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1980-02-01DOI: 10.4324/9780203991640-10
I. Berlin
{"title":"Time, Space, and the Evolution of Afro-American Society on British Mainland North America","authors":"I. Berlin","doi":"10.4324/9780203991640-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203991640-10","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":298028,"journal":{"name":"European and non-European Societies, 1450–1800","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125126331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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