The addition of olive mill wastes (OMW) to agricultural soils has becoming a common disposal strategy to improve the soil’s physical and chemical properties. There is a dearth of information concerning the impact of OMW on soil properties in Egypt's saline soil conditions. Consequently, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of various types of OMW on soil properties and maize yield in saline soil conditions. This study conducted field experiments in the North Sinai Governorate of Egypt on salt-affected sandy clay loam soil. Different types of OMW were applied at rates of 5 and 10 tons per hectare, either in fresh or compost form, individually or in combination with effective microorganisms (EM-1). The results revealed that the compost from EM-Bokashi and OMW treatment (T7) at a rate of 10 tons per hectare significantly decreased pH, EC, and ESP values. For instance, application of T7 significantly decreased EC by 30.6 and 34.8% compared to the fresh OMW treatment (T3) at a rate of 10 tons per hectare in the soil depths of 0-10 and 10-20 cm, respectively. Moreover, the T7 treatment significantly decreased soil bulk density by 18.7 and 20% compared to the control treatment (T1) in the soil depths of 0-10 and 10-20 cm, respectively. However, the differences between T7 and other treatments were not significant. Furthermore, the application of T7 significantly increased maize yield by 38.5% compared to T1. Overall, the best treatment for reducing salinity and bulk density as well as enhancing soil fertility and maize yields was the application of T7 at a rate of 10 tons per hectare. Therefore, it is desirable to encourage farmers to use the compost of EM-Bokashi and OMW at the rate of 10 tons per hectare as soil amendment in order to enhance soil physicochemical properties and fertility status and to obtain high yields under saline conditions. This practice allows farmers to produce high yields even in saline conditions by improving soil physicochemical properties and fertility status.
{"title":"Effect of Olive Mill Wastes on Soil Physicochemical Properties and Maize Yield Under Saline Soil Conditions","authors":"Haytham Mohamed Salem, A. Ali","doi":"10.56946/jspae.v2i1.156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56946/jspae.v2i1.156","url":null,"abstract":" The addition of olive mill wastes (OMW) to agricultural soils has becoming a common disposal strategy to improve the soil’s physical and chemical properties. There is a dearth of information concerning the impact of OMW on soil properties in Egypt's saline soil conditions. Consequently, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of various types of OMW on soil properties and maize yield in saline soil conditions. This study conducted field experiments in the North Sinai Governorate of Egypt on salt-affected sandy clay loam soil. Different types of OMW were applied at rates of 5 and 10 tons per hectare, either in fresh or compost form, individually or in combination with effective microorganisms (EM-1). The results revealed that the compost from EM-Bokashi and OMW treatment (T7) at a rate of 10 tons per hectare significantly decreased pH, EC, and ESP values. For instance, application of T7 significantly decreased EC by 30.6 and 34.8% compared to the fresh OMW treatment (T3) at a rate of 10 tons per hectare in the soil depths of 0-10 and 10-20 cm, respectively. Moreover, the T7 treatment significantly decreased soil bulk density by 18.7 and 20% compared to the control treatment (T1) in the soil depths of 0-10 and 10-20 cm, respectively. However, the differences between T7 and other treatments were not significant. Furthermore, the application of T7 significantly increased maize yield by 38.5% compared to T1. Overall, the best treatment for reducing salinity and bulk density as well as enhancing soil fertility and maize yields was the application of T7 at a rate of 10 tons per hectare. Therefore, it is desirable to encourage farmers to use the compost of EM-Bokashi and OMW at the rate of 10 tons per hectare as soil amendment in order to enhance soil physicochemical properties and fertility status and to obtain high yields under saline conditions. This practice allows farmers to produce high yields even in saline conditions by improving soil physicochemical properties and fertility status.","PeriodicalId":29812,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil, Plant and Environment","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77378195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aman Nawaz, M. Tariq, K. Khan, Mauz Ul Haq, H. Khan
Toxic metals significantly influence agricultural crop yields and adversely affect animals and humans. Hence, in the current study impact of different strains of phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and levels of phosphorus on the solubility of phosphorus and the stabilization of heavy metals in contaminated soil were studied in a greenhouse pot experiment in 2022. The PSB strains included Bacillus CUM6, Bacillus DUM7, and Bacillus PIS7. Phosphorus was applied at rates of 40, 60, and 80 kg P2O5 ha-1 using single superphosphate, with a basal dose of 120 kg N and 60 kg K2O ha-1. The experiment followed a randomized, two-factorial design. Maize plants (variety "Azam") were inoculated with the PSB strains. Consequently, combining Bacillus PIS7 with 80 kg P2O5 ha-1 significantly increased both fresh and dry maize biomass (35.33 and 24.56 g pot-1) compared to the control (unspiked soil). Phosphorus bioavailability (7.07 and 5.14 mg kg-1) significantly improved with 80 kg ha-1 phosphorus and Bacillus PIS7. Heavy metal concentrations in soil (Cd, Pb, Cr, and Ni) decreased significantly at 80 kg ha-1 phosphorus and Bacillus PIS7, and Cd concentrations in plants decreased to 3.31 mg kg-1 with Bacillus DUM7 and to 2.96, 0.42, and 1.33 mg kg-1 with Bacillus PIS7. The application of PSB strains and phosphorus fertilizer reduced heavy metal concentrations. Notably, 80 kg P2O5 ha-1 with Bacillus PIS7 showed the best performance. Phosphorus uptake increased significantly (0.106 mg pot-1), while heavy metal uptake (Cd, Pb, and Cr) decreased linearly with increasing phosphorus levels and PSB strains. Bacillus PIS7 with 80 kg P2O5 ha-1 had the lowest heavy metal translocation, doing better than the control and other PSB strains (Bacillus CUM6 and Bacillus DUM7). Soil characteristics indicated increased organic matter content (0.73%) and decreased pH (7.61) and electrical conductivity (0.17 dSm-1) with applied phosphorus and PSB strains, suggesting enhanced phosphorus bioavailability and reduced heavy metal concentrations. In conclusion, adding 80 kg P2O5 ha-1 with Bacillus PIS7 helps plants grow better when they are stressed by heavy metals and keeps Cd, Pb, Cr, and Ni stabilized in the soil.
有毒金属严重影响农作物产量，并对动物和人类产生不利影响。因此，本研究将于2022年在温室盆栽试验中，研究不同溶磷菌菌株(PSB)和磷水平对污染土壤中磷溶解度和重金属稳定的影响。PSB菌株包括芽孢杆菌CUM6、芽孢杆菌DUM7和芽孢杆菌PIS7。磷的施用量为40、60和80 kg P2O5 hm -1，使用单一过磷酸钙，基础剂量为120 kg N和60 kg K2O hm -1。实验采用随机、双因子设计。用PSB菌株接种玉米(Azam品种)。结果表明，芽孢杆菌PIS7与80 kg P2O5 ha-1配施显著提高了鲜玉米生物量和干玉米生物量(分别为35.33和24.56 g -1)。施用80 kg ha-1磷和芽孢杆菌PIS7显著提高了磷的生物利用度(7.07和5.14 mg kg-1)。施用80 kg ha-1磷和芽孢杆菌PIS7后，土壤重金属(Cd、Pb、Cr和Ni)浓度显著降低，植物Cd浓度分别为3.31 mg kg-1和2.96、0.42和1.33 mg kg-1。施用PSB菌种和磷肥降低了土壤重金属浓度。其中，80 kg P2O5 ha-1添加芽孢杆菌PIS7效果最好。磷吸收量显著增加(0.106 mg -1)，重金属(Cd、Pb和Cr)吸收量随磷水平和菌株的增加而线性降低。施用80 kg P2O5 ha-1的芽孢杆菌PIS7的重金属迁移量最低，优于对照和其他PSB菌株(芽孢杆菌CUM6和芽孢杆菌DUM7)。土壤特征表明，施用磷和PSB菌株提高了土壤有机质含量(0.73%)，降低了pH值(7.61)和电导率(0.17 dSm-1)，提高了磷的生物利用度，降低了重金属浓度。综上所述，添加80 kg P2O5 ha-1和芽孢杆菌PIS7有助于植物在重金属胁迫下更好地生长，并保持土壤中Cd、Pb、Cr和Ni的稳定。
{"title":"Integrated Effect of Heavy Metal-Tolerant Rhizobacteria and Phosphorus on Maize Growth and Phosphorus Bioavailability in Contaminated Soil","authors":"Aman Nawaz, M. Tariq, K. Khan, Mauz Ul Haq, H. Khan","doi":"10.56946/jspae.v2i1.180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56946/jspae.v2i1.180","url":null,"abstract":"Toxic metals significantly influence agricultural crop yields and adversely affect animals and humans. Hence, in the current study impact of different strains of phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and levels of phosphorus on the solubility of phosphorus and the stabilization of heavy metals in contaminated soil were studied in a greenhouse pot experiment in 2022. The PSB strains included Bacillus CUM6, Bacillus DUM7, and Bacillus PIS7. Phosphorus was applied at rates of 40, 60, and 80 kg P2O5 ha-1 using single superphosphate, with a basal dose of 120 kg N and 60 kg K2O ha-1. The experiment followed a randomized, two-factorial design. Maize plants (variety \"Azam\") were inoculated with the PSB strains. Consequently, combining Bacillus PIS7 with 80 kg P2O5 ha-1 significantly increased both fresh and dry maize biomass (35.33 and 24.56 g pot-1) compared to the control (unspiked soil). Phosphorus bioavailability (7.07 and 5.14 mg kg-1) significantly improved with 80 kg ha-1 phosphorus and Bacillus PIS7. Heavy metal concentrations in soil (Cd, Pb, Cr, and Ni) decreased significantly at 80 kg ha-1 phosphorus and Bacillus PIS7, and Cd concentrations in plants decreased to 3.31 mg kg-1 with Bacillus DUM7 and to 2.96, 0.42, and 1.33 mg kg-1 with Bacillus PIS7. The application of PSB strains and phosphorus fertilizer reduced heavy metal concentrations. Notably, 80 kg P2O5 ha-1 with Bacillus PIS7 showed the best performance. Phosphorus uptake increased significantly (0.106 mg pot-1), while heavy metal uptake (Cd, Pb, and Cr) decreased linearly with increasing phosphorus levels and PSB strains. Bacillus PIS7 with 80 kg P2O5 ha-1 had the lowest heavy metal translocation, doing better than the control and other PSB strains (Bacillus CUM6 and Bacillus DUM7). Soil characteristics indicated increased organic matter content (0.73%) and decreased pH (7.61) and electrical conductivity (0.17 dSm-1) with applied phosphorus and PSB strains, suggesting enhanced phosphorus bioavailability and reduced heavy metal concentrations. In conclusion, adding 80 kg P2O5 ha-1 with Bacillus PIS7 helps plants grow better when they are stressed by heavy metals and keeps Cd, Pb, Cr, and Ni stabilized in the soil.","PeriodicalId":29812,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil, Plant and Environment","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73394199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hadeer Hammad Amin, Abdelanser Badaey Elsayed, H. Maswada, Nabil Ibrahim Elsheery
Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) is susceptible to various diseases, especially powdery mildew, caused by Erysiphe betae. Using nanotechnology in agriculture could revolutionize the sector by providing new tools for fast disease diagnosis and disease resistance. This study investigated the potential of Zn nanoparticles in inducing resistance to powdery mildew in sugar beet plants through two experiments. The first experiment assessed the susceptibility of sugar beet cultivars to powdery mildew, with Puma being the most resistant and Top being the most susceptible. The second experiment examined the impact of Zn NPs in inducing resistance to powdery mildew. Zinc-oxide nanoparticles (ZN) and zinc sulfate (ZS) at concentrations of 100, 50 and 10 ppm were used as foliar applications. The results showed that most treatments significantly increased levels of chlorophyll a, b, and total chlorophyll, total soluble sugars, endogenous H2O2, and activity of peroxidase (POD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO), while reducing the severity of powdery mildew disease, lipid peroxidation (MDA), phenolics concentrations and catalase activity, especially Zn at concentrations of 100 and 50 ppm compared to infected control. The physiological role of Zn NPs in inducing resistance against powdery mildew disease is attributed to the production and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative reactions of phenolic compounds catalyzed by PPO and/or POD. Our results suggested that ZnO nanoparticles at 100 and 50 ppm can be used as a foliar spray to reduce the harmful impacts of biotic stress caused by E. betae in sugar beet plants by inducing resistance to the pathogen.
{"title":"Enhancing Sugar Beet Plant Health with Zinc Nanoparticles: A Sustainable Solution for Disease Management","authors":"Hadeer Hammad Amin, Abdelanser Badaey Elsayed, H. Maswada, Nabil Ibrahim Elsheery","doi":"10.56946/jspae.v2i1.129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56946/jspae.v2i1.129","url":null,"abstract":"Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) is susceptible to various diseases, especially powdery mildew, caused by Erysiphe betae. Using nanotechnology in agriculture could revolutionize the sector by providing new tools for fast disease diagnosis and disease resistance. This study investigated the potential of Zn nanoparticles in inducing resistance to powdery mildew in sugar beet plants through two experiments. The first experiment assessed the susceptibility of sugar beet cultivars to powdery mildew, with Puma being the most resistant and Top being the most susceptible. The second experiment examined the impact of Zn NPs in inducing resistance to powdery mildew. Zinc-oxide nanoparticles (ZN) and zinc sulfate (ZS) at concentrations of 100, 50 and 10 ppm were used as foliar applications. The results showed that most treatments significantly increased levels of chlorophyll a, b, and total chlorophyll, total soluble sugars, endogenous H2O2, and activity of peroxidase (POD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO), while reducing the severity of powdery mildew disease, lipid peroxidation (MDA), phenolics concentrations and catalase activity, especially Zn at concentrations of 100 and 50 ppm compared to infected control. The physiological role of Zn NPs in inducing resistance against powdery mildew disease is attributed to the production and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative reactions of phenolic compounds catalyzed by PPO and/or POD. Our results suggested that ZnO nanoparticles at 100 and 50 ppm can be used as a foliar spray to reduce the harmful impacts of biotic stress caused by E. betae in sugar beet plants by inducing resistance to the pathogen.","PeriodicalId":29812,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil, Plant and Environment","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72657224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research was conducted at the Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agriculture Peshawar during the 2011 growing season of the crop to determine the response of various cultivars of cucumber to different isolates of the downy mildew fungus Pseudoperonspora cubensis under artificial epiphytotic conditions. Five cucumber cultivars (Desi, Long Green, F1 hybrid, Dollar and Khyber) were tested for their response to infection by four different isolates of Pseudoperonospora cubensis. Significant differences (p<0.05) were found among the treated and control plants. F1 Hybrid and Dollar F1 were found to have the least disease severity. Among the isolates, isolate 4 caused the highest disease severity. In control plants, the disease severity was less. The interaction of cultivars and isolates was also significant in disease severity after thirty and forty days of inoculation.
{"title":"Response of various cultivars of cucumber to different isolates of Pseudoperonospora cubensis (Berk et Curt.) Rostow under artificial epiphytotic conditions","authors":"Amra Roman, Hakim Khan, F. Raziq, Mária","doi":"10.56946/jspae.v1i2.68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56946/jspae.v1i2.68","url":null,"abstract":"This research was conducted at the Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agriculture Peshawar during the 2011 growing season of the crop to determine the response of various cultivars of cucumber to different isolates of the downy mildew fungus Pseudoperonspora cubensis under artificial epiphytotic conditions. Five cucumber cultivars (Desi, Long Green, F1 hybrid, Dollar and Khyber) were tested for their response to infection by four different isolates of Pseudoperonospora cubensis. Significant differences (p<0.05) were found among the treated and control plants. F1 Hybrid and Dollar F1 were found to have the least disease severity. Among the isolates, isolate 4 caused the highest disease severity. In control plants, the disease severity was less. The interaction of cultivars and isolates was also significant in disease severity after thirty and forty days of inoculation.","PeriodicalId":29812,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil, Plant and Environment","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79501643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Managing various organic residues produced from agricultural waste is today's prominent need. The present experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of integrated, chemical, and organic fertilizers on maize productivity. Initially, vermicompost was prepared using different organic residues viz., paddy straw, neem leaves and dhaincha leaves, each in combination with cow dung in 1:1 ratio. Further, prepared vermicompost along with integrated nutrient and chemical fertilizer treatments, were tested on maize productivity. The experiment was carried out in Randomized Block Design. The average two-year data revealed the increased yield and yield attributes of maize with integrated nutrient management followed by the recommended dose of fertilizers and different vermicompost treatments. The least maize productivity was noted with control treatment. The different vermicompost treatments comparatively improved the organic carbon (0.43 to 0.45%) and micronutrient status of the soil in the second year of application (Fe- 10.85 to 13.32 mg kg-1, Zn- 2.95 to 4.18 mg kg-1, Cu- 0.55 to 0.73 mg kg-1, Mn- 10.37 to 15.24 mg kg-1). The result of vermicompost application can be recorded higher in terms of improvement in yield and soil properties in the later years, as the initial organic carbon and nutrient content of the experimental soil was recorded to be low, and, it takes almost three to four years for the positive response of soil to the applied organic amendments. Therefore, long-term experiments are required to evaluate the effects of vermicompost on soil chemical properties and maize productivity. The investigation revealed that integrated nutrient treatment proved better in terms of improving the yield and nutrient status of the soil.
{"title":"Evaluation of integrated nutrient management on soil health, maize productivity and grain quality","authors":"Karanbir kaur Bal, Neeraj Chhatwal","doi":"10.56946/jspae.v1i2.71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56946/jspae.v1i2.71","url":null,"abstract":"Managing various organic residues produced from agricultural waste is today's prominent need. The present experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of integrated, chemical, and organic fertilizers on maize productivity. Initially, vermicompost was prepared using different organic residues viz., paddy straw, neem leaves and dhaincha leaves, each in combination with cow dung in 1:1 ratio. Further, prepared vermicompost along with integrated nutrient and chemical fertilizer treatments, were tested on maize productivity. The experiment was carried out in Randomized Block Design. The average two-year data revealed the increased yield and yield attributes of maize with integrated nutrient management followed by the recommended dose of fertilizers and different vermicompost treatments. The least maize productivity was noted with control treatment. The different vermicompost treatments comparatively improved the organic carbon (0.43 to 0.45%) and micronutrient status of the soil in the second year of application (Fe- 10.85 to 13.32 mg kg-1, Zn- 2.95 to 4.18 mg kg-1, Cu- 0.55 to 0.73 mg kg-1, Mn- 10.37 to 15.24 mg kg-1). The result of vermicompost application can be recorded higher in terms of improvement in yield and soil properties in the later years, as the initial organic carbon and nutrient content of the experimental soil was recorded to be low, and, it takes almost three to four years for the positive response of soil to the applied organic amendments. Therefore, long-term experiments are required to evaluate the effects of vermicompost on soil chemical properties and maize productivity. The investigation revealed that integrated nutrient treatment proved better in terms of improving the yield and nutrient status of the soil.","PeriodicalId":29812,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil, Plant and Environment","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87075702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Ilyas Jan, F. Ullah, Badshah Islam, M. Uddin, M. Romman, Amina Shamsheer Ul Haq
This study was conducted to evaluate different apricot germplasms on the bases of phenotypic traits at the Agricultural Research Institute Mingora, Swat, during the year 2016. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design (CRD). We choose various traits of six different varieties of apricot, i.e., Protici, Vitilo, Begali, Shernabi, Swat Selection and Luizet, which are collected from diverse agro-ecological zones were evaluated to ascertain the extent of genetic diversity and assess geographical heterogeneity among these varieties. Data on different quantitative and qualitative traits such as number of fruits kg-1, total soluble solids, fruit color, kernel taste, and stone nature were recorded through physical and biochemical tests. The variety Luizet produced the largest size fruit with an average of 17.33 fruits kg-1. Whereas, the variety Begali produced the smallest size fruits with an average of 54 fruits kg-1. The maximum total soluble solids (18.06 oBrix) were recorded in the variety Begali and Luizet followed by the variety Vitilo (17.36 oBrix). Whereas the least amount of TSS were recorded in the variety Swat selection (13.2 oBrix). The fruits of Shernabi, Swat selection and Luizet had a uniform yellow color. However, fruits of other varieties were greenish to yellowish. Furthermore, free stones were most frequent in the fruits of Protici, Vitilo, Begali, Swat Selection and Shernabi, whereas, Luizet had semi-cling stones. Our results suggest that the variety Luizet is the best in terms of fruit size, TSS, fruit color and kernel taste as compared to the other tested varieties and is recommended for cultivation under the agro-climatic condition of Swat.
{"title":"Analysis of Apricot Germplasm through Phenotypic Traits Under the Agro-Climatic Condition","authors":"Muhammad Ilyas Jan, F. Ullah, Badshah Islam, M. Uddin, M. Romman, Amina Shamsheer Ul Haq","doi":"10.56946/jspae.v1i2.105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56946/jspae.v1i2.105","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to evaluate different apricot germplasms on the bases of phenotypic traits at the Agricultural Research Institute Mingora, Swat, during the year 2016. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design (CRD). We choose various traits of six different varieties of apricot, i.e., Protici, Vitilo, Begali, Shernabi, Swat Selection and Luizet, which are collected from diverse agro-ecological zones were evaluated to ascertain the extent of genetic diversity and assess geographical heterogeneity among these varieties. Data on different quantitative and qualitative traits such as number of fruits kg-1, total soluble solids, fruit color, kernel taste, and stone nature were recorded through physical and biochemical tests. The variety Luizet produced the largest size fruit with an average of 17.33 fruits kg-1. Whereas, the variety Begali produced the smallest size fruits with an average of 54 fruits kg-1. The maximum total soluble solids (18.06 oBrix) were recorded in the variety Begali and Luizet followed by the variety Vitilo (17.36 oBrix). Whereas the least amount of TSS were recorded in the variety Swat selection (13.2 oBrix). The fruits of Shernabi, Swat selection and Luizet had a uniform yellow color. However, fruits of other varieties were greenish to yellowish. Furthermore, free stones were most frequent in the fruits of Protici, Vitilo, Begali, Swat Selection and Shernabi, whereas, Luizet had semi-cling stones. Our results suggest that the variety Luizet is the best in terms of fruit size, TSS, fruit color and kernel taste as compared to the other tested varieties and is recommended for cultivation under the agro-climatic condition of Swat.","PeriodicalId":29812,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil, Plant and Environment","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83694822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Agriculture has a vital role in the life cycle of an economy. Phytopathogenic microorganisms negatively influence many crops, the economy, and the Environment worldwide. Beneficial plant microbiomes have the immense potential to provide cost-effective and maintainable solutions to existing agricultural challenges. The yield improvement can partly be credited to advanced plant pest and disease management, including better knowledge of phytopathogens and diverse control methods. Well-organized and balanced crop protection is of vast economic and ecological importance for food and feed production. A varied variety of goods made of plastics are utilized in farming which consists of poly-tunnels, plastic reservoirs, mulches, ropes, agrochemical cans, various nets, irrigation systems, packaging bags, nursery pots, anti-bird nets, greenhouses, and their components, wear and tear of these products are hosts of diverse microorganisms in agriculture. However, little investigation has been done to explore plastic microbes' diversity, survival strategies, and interaction mechanisms with plants. Several advanced approaches, including metagenomics, metabolomics, metatranscriptomics, metaproteomics, and culturomics, are currently available to scrutinize the multiplicity, composition, and functions of the microbiomes in soil and plant habitats such as rhizosphere, phyllosphere, and endosphere. This review highlights the increasing use of plastic, plastic microbiomes, subsequent challenges, and future perspectives in agriculture. It emphasizes using advanced molecular tools and techniques to explore the microbiome diversity and the mechanism of plant-microbe interaction. The analyzed knowledge gaps in the host-pathogen relationship research area will help to redraft better research approaches based on economic thresholds.
{"title":"Comprehensive analysis of the mechanism underlying plastic microbiome and plants interaction, with future perspectives","authors":"Q. Khan, M. Kashif, Jalil Shah","doi":"10.56946/jspae.v1i2.73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56946/jspae.v1i2.73","url":null,"abstract":"Agriculture has a vital role in the life cycle of an economy. Phytopathogenic microorganisms negatively influence many crops, the economy, and the Environment worldwide. Beneficial plant microbiomes have the immense potential to provide cost-effective and maintainable solutions to existing agricultural challenges. The yield improvement can partly be credited to advanced plant pest and disease management, including better knowledge of phytopathogens and diverse control methods. Well-organized and balanced crop protection is of vast economic and ecological importance for food and feed production. A varied variety of goods made of plastics are utilized in farming which consists of poly-tunnels, plastic reservoirs, mulches, ropes, agrochemical cans, various nets, irrigation systems, packaging bags, nursery pots, anti-bird nets, greenhouses, and their components, wear and tear of these products are hosts of diverse microorganisms in agriculture. However, little investigation has been done to explore plastic microbes' diversity, survival strategies, and interaction mechanisms with plants. Several advanced approaches, including metagenomics, metabolomics, metatranscriptomics, metaproteomics, and culturomics, are currently available to scrutinize the multiplicity, composition, and functions of the microbiomes in soil and plant habitats such as rhizosphere, phyllosphere, and endosphere. This review highlights the increasing use of plastic, plastic microbiomes, subsequent challenges, and future perspectives in agriculture. It emphasizes using advanced molecular tools and techniques to explore the microbiome diversity and the mechanism of plant-microbe interaction. The analyzed knowledge gaps in the host-pathogen relationship research area will help to redraft better research approaches based on economic thresholds.","PeriodicalId":29812,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil, Plant and Environment","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90493671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hua Zhang, F. Ullah, R. Ahmad, S. A. Ali Shah, Abdullah Khan, M. Adnan
In recent years, biochar application to soil has become more popularized due to its potential roles on soil fertility, plant growth, and development. In this review, we discussed the impact of biochar on the relative abundance of soil proteobacteria and its relationship with soil physiochemical properties under different rhizospheres. It was observed that biochar applied to different soil improved proteobacteria, and its lowest and highest relative abundance was ranged from 30-80%, respectively. A positive relationship of soil proteobacteria with soil pH, total nitrogen, available phosphorous, available potassium, total carbon were observed in several studies. Both the relative abundance of proteobacteria and its relationship with soil properties depend on biochar type, soil type, and fertilizers applied to the soil. Most of the ammonia-oxidizing bacteria including nitrogen-fixing bacteria, ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, cellulose-decomposing bacteria, nitrifying bacteria, and denitrifying bacteria belong to proteobacteria, which plays a significant role in nitrogen recycling that is beneficial for the plant growth, yield and fruits/seeds quality. Furthermore, a positive relationship between soil proteobacteria and plant yield was also highlighted. In this context, the use of biochar plays a potential role to improve the relative abundance of proteobacteria in sustainable agriculture. We highlighted future research guidelines that might benefit the sustainable agricultural system. Moreover, further studies are needed to explore the potential role of biochar application on Proteobaceria families such as Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Deltaproteobacteria, and Epsilonproteobacteria.
{"title":"Response of Soil Proteobacteria to Biochar Amendment in Sustainable Agriculture- A mini review","authors":"Hua Zhang, F. Ullah, R. Ahmad, S. A. Ali Shah, Abdullah Khan, M. Adnan","doi":"10.56946/jspae.v1i2.56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56946/jspae.v1i2.56","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, biochar application to soil has become more popularized due to its potential roles on soil fertility, plant growth, and development. In this review, we discussed the impact of biochar on the relative abundance of soil proteobacteria and its relationship with soil physiochemical properties under different rhizospheres. It was observed that biochar applied to different soil improved proteobacteria, and its lowest and highest relative abundance was ranged from 30-80%, respectively. A positive relationship of soil proteobacteria with soil pH, total nitrogen, available phosphorous, available potassium, total carbon were observed in several studies. Both the relative abundance of proteobacteria and its relationship with soil properties depend on biochar type, soil type, and fertilizers applied to the soil. Most of the ammonia-oxidizing bacteria including nitrogen-fixing bacteria, ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, cellulose-decomposing bacteria, nitrifying bacteria, and denitrifying bacteria belong to proteobacteria, which plays a significant role in nitrogen recycling that is beneficial for the plant growth, yield and fruits/seeds quality. Furthermore, a positive relationship between soil proteobacteria and plant yield was also highlighted. In this context, the use of biochar plays a potential role to improve the relative abundance of proteobacteria in sustainable agriculture. We highlighted future research guidelines that might benefit the sustainable agricultural system. Moreover, further studies are needed to explore the potential role of biochar application on Proteobaceria families such as Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Deltaproteobacteria, and Epsilonproteobacteria.","PeriodicalId":29812,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil, Plant and Environment","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84458674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Adeleye, M. Yerima, Micheal Edet Nkereuwem, V. Onokebhagbe, Mohammed Garba Daya
This study assessed the heavy metal decontamination potential of bio-enhanced Streptococcus pyogenes and Enterococcus faecalis co-culture in used lubricating oil-contaminated soil. The bacterial co-culture was isolated from the soil obtained from Dutse mechanic village, Nigeria. One thousand five hundred(1500) g of sterilized soil was intentionally contaminated with used lubricating oil at three levels. The sterilized soil was biostimulated with processed compost, powdered cocoa pod husk (PCPH), and powdered cattle dung (PCD). Afterward, the mixtures were bio-augmented with the bacterial co-culture (150 mL). The concentrations of Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Nickel (Ni) and Lead (Pb) in the used lubricating oil contaminated soil were determined at the commencement, fifth and tenth week of the study. A factorial experiment which was laid out in a completely randomized design (CRD) was adopted. Results generated from the As decontamination potential of Streptococcus pyogenes and Enterococcus faecalis co-culture indicated that all the organic amendments significantly (p<0.05) enhanced its decontamination. At the fifth week, PCPH only enhanced the most Cd decontaminations (0.01020 mg kg-1, 0.00220 mg kg-1 and 0.00150 mg kg-1) compared with other organic amendments on 5%, 10% and 15% used lubricating oil contamination levels, respectively. At the tenth week, PCD only enhanced complete removal of Cd on all used lubricating oil contamination levels compared with compost and PCPH only, which attained complete removal of Cd on 5% and 15% of used lubricating oil contamination levels, respectively. The heavy metal decontamination potential of bio-enhanced Streptococcus pyogenes and Enterococcus faecalis co-culture witnessed in this study indicates its suitability in effecting bioremediation of heavy metal impacted environments.
{"title":"Effect of Bio-enhanced Streptococcus pyogenes and Enterococcus faecalis Co-culture on Decontamination of Heavy Metals Content in Used Lubricating Oil Contaminated Soil","authors":"A. Adeleye, M. Yerima, Micheal Edet Nkereuwem, V. Onokebhagbe, Mohammed Garba Daya","doi":"10.56946/jspae.v1i2.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56946/jspae.v1i2.25","url":null,"abstract":"This study assessed the heavy metal decontamination potential of bio-enhanced Streptococcus pyogenes and Enterococcus faecalis co-culture in used lubricating oil-contaminated soil. The bacterial co-culture was isolated from the soil obtained from Dutse mechanic village, Nigeria. One thousand five hundred(1500) g of sterilized soil was intentionally contaminated with used lubricating oil at three levels. The sterilized soil was biostimulated with processed compost, powdered cocoa pod husk (PCPH), and powdered cattle dung (PCD). Afterward, the mixtures were bio-augmented with the bacterial co-culture (150 mL). The concentrations of Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Nickel (Ni) and Lead (Pb) in the used lubricating oil contaminated soil were determined at the commencement, fifth and tenth week of the study. A factorial experiment which was laid out in a completely randomized design (CRD) was adopted. Results generated from the As decontamination potential of Streptococcus pyogenes and Enterococcus faecalis co-culture indicated that all the organic amendments significantly (p<0.05) enhanced its decontamination. At the fifth week, PCPH only enhanced the most Cd decontaminations (0.01020 mg kg-1, 0.00220 mg kg-1 and 0.00150 mg kg-1) compared with other organic amendments on 5%, 10% and 15% used lubricating oil contamination levels, respectively. At the tenth week, PCD only enhanced complete removal of Cd on all used lubricating oil contamination levels compared with compost and PCPH only, which attained complete removal of Cd on 5% and 15% of used lubricating oil contamination levels, respectively. The heavy metal decontamination potential of bio-enhanced Streptococcus pyogenes and Enterococcus faecalis co-culture witnessed in this study indicates its suitability in effecting bioremediation of heavy metal impacted environments.","PeriodicalId":29812,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil, Plant and Environment","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84394775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Planting patterns and different cultivars play a significant role in forage crops quality and productivity. Therefore, we conducted a field experiment under different planting patterns and cultivars to evaluate sorghum crop yield, yield components, and quality at Agronomic Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan, in 2015. The experiment consists of three sorghum cultivars (Jawar 2002, Sorghum-2011, and JS-2002) with a seed rate of 75 kg ha-1 at different planting patterns (P1=60 cm × 20 cm, P2=50cm × 24 cm, and P3=340 cm × 30 cm). Results showed that sorghum 2011 resulted in higher growth and qualitative attributes than other cultivars. For example, increase in plant height (237.11 cm), dry weight plant-1 (40.61 g), forage yield (57.66 ton ha-1), crude protein contents (6.12 %), fiber contents (32.12 %) and ash contents (8.73%) was observed in sorghum 2011 as compared to other cultivars. Whereas, among planting pattern P3 (40 x 30 cm ) produced maximum plant height (236.33 cm), leaves plant-1( 13.66), stem diameter (1.09 cm), forage yield (55.52 ton ha-1), dry matter yield (18.53 ton ha-1) and crude protein contents (6.06 %) as compared to P1 and P2. This study suggested that the cultivar sorghum 2011 with a planting pattern of 40 x 30 cm is a promising option to improve yield, yield components and quality of sorghum crop.
种植方式和品种对饲料作物的品质和产量有重要影响。因此，我们于2015年在巴基斯坦费萨拉巴德农业大学农学系农艺研究农场进行了不同种植模式和品种下的高粱作物产量、产量构成和品质评价的田间试验。试验选用3个高粱品种(Jawar 2002、sorghum -2011和JS-2002)，在不同种植模式(P1=60 cm × 20 cm, P2=50cm × 24 cm, P3=340 cm × 30 cm)下，播种率为75 kg ha-1。结果表明，2011年高粱的生长和品质指标均高于其他品种。例如，与其他品种相比，2011年高粱的株高(237.11 cm)、干重(40.61 g)、产草量(57.66 t hm -1)、粗蛋白质含量(6.12%)、纤维含量(32.12%)和灰分含量(8.73%)均有所增加。与P1和P2相比，P3 (40 × 30 cm)种植模式的株高(236.33 cm)、叶片(13.66 cm)、茎粗(1.09 cm)、饲料产量(55.52 t ha-1)、干物质产量(18.53 t ha-1)和粗蛋白质含量(6.06%)最高。本研究表明，种植面积为40 × 30 cm的2011型高粱是提高高粱产量、产量构成和品质的理想选择。
{"title":"Productivity and the Qualitative Response of Sorghum to Different Planting Patterns and Various Cultivars","authors":"M. Asim, Muhammad Israr Khan, A. Rab","doi":"10.56946/jspae.v1i1.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56946/jspae.v1i1.12","url":null,"abstract":"Planting patterns and different cultivars play a significant role in forage crops quality and productivity. Therefore, we conducted a field experiment under different planting patterns and cultivars to evaluate sorghum crop yield, yield components, and quality at Agronomic Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan, in 2015. The experiment consists of three sorghum cultivars (Jawar 2002, Sorghum-2011, and JS-2002) with a seed rate of 75 kg ha-1 at different planting patterns (P1=60 cm × 20 cm, P2=50cm × 24 cm, and P3=340 cm × 30 cm). Results showed that sorghum 2011 resulted in higher growth and qualitative attributes than other cultivars. For example, increase in plant height (237.11 cm), dry weight plant-1 (40.61 g), forage yield (57.66 ton ha-1), crude protein contents (6.12 %), fiber contents (32.12 %) and ash contents (8.73%) was observed in sorghum 2011 as compared to other cultivars. Whereas, among planting pattern P3 (40 x 30 cm ) produced maximum plant height (236.33 cm), leaves plant-1( 13.66), stem diameter (1.09 cm), forage yield (55.52 ton ha-1), dry matter yield (18.53 ton ha-1) and crude protein contents (6.06 %) as compared to P1 and P2. This study suggested that the cultivar sorghum 2011 with a planting pattern of 40 x 30 cm is a promising option to improve yield, yield components and quality of sorghum crop.","PeriodicalId":29812,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil, Plant and Environment","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87007298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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