Developing small scale turbines pauses challenges in terms of increased stresses due to high rotational speed leading to increase in component thicknesses and turbine overall weight. Therefore this study assesses both; the structural and aerodynamic performance of a Small Scale Radial Turbine SSRT by integrating finite-element methods FEM and Computational Fluid Dynamic CFD. Using Vista preliminary design model in ANSYS and detailed 3D CFD optimization, SSRT with 1–5 kW power for solar powered Brayton cycle was developed with high efficiency of 89.2%. Then both; the turbine’s hub and blades were structurally analysed under various loading conditions to investigate the effect of various rotational speeds and blade shapes on the stress distribution and deformation of the blades. The results of the current study showed that a maximum increment of 65% stress and 57% deformation was noticed when reaching the maximum studied rotational speed at inlet air temperature of 450 K.
{"title":"Structural Analysis of Small Scale Radial Turbine for Solar Powered Brayton Cycle Application","authors":"Ahmed M. Daabo, S. Mahmoud, R. AL-Dadah","doi":"10.1115/ES2018-7597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/ES2018-7597","url":null,"abstract":"Developing small scale turbines pauses challenges in terms of increased stresses due to high rotational speed leading to increase in component thicknesses and turbine overall weight. Therefore this study assesses both; the structural and aerodynamic performance of a Small Scale Radial Turbine SSRT by integrating finite-element methods FEM and Computational Fluid Dynamic CFD. Using Vista preliminary design model in ANSYS and detailed 3D CFD optimization, SSRT with 1–5 kW power for solar powered Brayton cycle was developed with high efficiency of 89.2%. Then both; the turbine’s hub and blades were structurally analysed under various loading conditions to investigate the effect of various rotational speeds and blade shapes on the stress distribution and deformation of the blades. The results of the current study showed that a maximum increment of 65% stress and 57% deformation was noticed when reaching the maximum studied rotational speed at inlet air temperature of 450 K.","PeriodicalId":298211,"journal":{"name":"ASME 2018 12th International Conference on Energy Sustainability","volume":"137 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127344840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Access to energy is crucial in tackling many of the current global development challenges that impact on people’s economic, health and social well-being as well as the ability to meet the commitments of reducing carbon emissions through clean energy use. Despite increased attention from multiple governments and agencies, energy poverty remains a serious sustainable development issue in many developing countries. To date, most research have focused on general access to electricity and the generation of clean energy to replace fossil fuels, failing to address the lack of basic access to clean energy for cooking and heating. More people in the world lack access to clean cooking fuels than to electricity. This issue is one aspect of a broader research which investigates the impacts of optimized energy policy and energy business models on sustainable development in developing countries.
{"title":"The Impact of Lack of Clean Cooking Fuels on Sustainable Development in Developing Countries","authors":"I. Garba, R. Bellingham","doi":"10.1115/ES2018-7112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/ES2018-7112","url":null,"abstract":"Access to energy is crucial in tackling many of the current global development challenges that impact on people’s economic, health and social well-being as well as the ability to meet the commitments of reducing carbon emissions through clean energy use. Despite increased attention from multiple governments and agencies, energy poverty remains a serious sustainable development issue in many developing countries. To date, most research have focused on general access to electricity and the generation of clean energy to replace fossil fuels, failing to address the lack of basic access to clean energy for cooking and heating. More people in the world lack access to clean cooking fuels than to electricity. This issue is one aspect of a broader research which investigates the impacts of optimized energy policy and energy business models on sustainable development in developing countries.","PeriodicalId":298211,"journal":{"name":"ASME 2018 12th International Conference on Energy Sustainability","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124898891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Traditional heat transfer techniques have become inadequate for many applications today and innovation of new technologies has become an urgent necessity. From another angle, securing electrical power remote areas in unconventional ways is receiving widespread attention. In this study, we present a new technique to dissipate heat, which is suitable in narrow and slanted places, as well as, generate electricity. The system consists of a permanent magnet (PM) and a spring where they act as opposing forces on a ferromagnetic disk moving in a specific space. Above the Curie temperature (Tc) of the ferromagnet, spring force (Fspring) overcomes the strength of the PM due to loss the magnetic susceptibility of the ferromagnet. PM’s force is gradually increasing and overcomes the Fspring due to the cooling of the ferromagnetic. Thermally, the system consists of high and low temperature zones and the ferromagnetic works as an active heat carrier. The opposing forces of the PM and the spring make the ferromagnetic moves in two opposite directions. COMSOL Multiphysics 5.2a software is used to get the simulation results in this study. This technique is suitable for many applications especially when heat transfer is required in the horizontal or oblique direction. This technique provides clean energy using only a waste heat from anywhere as a source.
{"title":"Modeling a New Design for Heat Transfer System and Electrical Generator","authors":"A. Homadi, T. Hall","doi":"10.1115/ES2018-7532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/ES2018-7532","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional heat transfer techniques have become inadequate for many applications today and innovation of new technologies has become an urgent necessity. From another angle, securing electrical power remote areas in unconventional ways is receiving widespread attention. In this study, we present a new technique to dissipate heat, which is suitable in narrow and slanted places, as well as, generate electricity. The system consists of a permanent magnet (PM) and a spring where they act as opposing forces on a ferromagnetic disk moving in a specific space. Above the Curie temperature (Tc) of the ferromagnet, spring force (Fspring) overcomes the strength of the PM due to loss the magnetic susceptibility of the ferromagnet. PM’s force is gradually increasing and overcomes the Fspring due to the cooling of the ferromagnetic. Thermally, the system consists of high and low temperature zones and the ferromagnetic works as an active heat carrier. The opposing forces of the PM and the spring make the ferromagnetic moves in two opposite directions. COMSOL Multiphysics 5.2a software is used to get the simulation results in this study. This technique is suitable for many applications especially when heat transfer is required in the horizontal or oblique direction. This technique provides clean energy using only a waste heat from anywhere as a source.","PeriodicalId":298211,"journal":{"name":"ASME 2018 12th International Conference on Energy Sustainability","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126933421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Enweremadu, D. Baruah, S. Mahapatra, D. Patowary, Gunajit Dev Sarma, Sampriti Kataki
The cyclic effect of energy poverty and economic poverty has been conclusively evidenced primarily from the experiences of developing World. In the developing countries, struggle to meet the basic energy needs impacts the life of the poorer section in terms of cost of health, education and quality. However, considering the adequate biomass resources and sustainable technologies for conversion of surplus biomass into useful form of energy; integration of the surplus resources with appropriate technology offers opportunities to address both energy and economic poverty. In this study, feasibility of some proven options of bioenergy based energy technologies and enterprises are investigated to understand their prospects to address energy and economic hardship considering a case study from India and analyzed its replicability in South Africa. Resources inventories, avenues of additional income generation and long term impact of selected bioenergy enterprise options (biogas and producer gas and improved stove) are investigated in the context of both the countries. Organic fertilizer (vermicompost), mushroom and community based agro-industries are some of the prospective entrepreneurial activities which can be supported by the bioenergy options. Considering the abundance and characteristics, feasibility of converting surplus biomass resources (crop residue, manure, food waste) into required energy along with revenue earning avenues is indicated by the study. However, there are social and managerial issues which required to be addressed besides provisions for financial incentives to realize the benefits of such integrated systems.
{"title":"Addressing Economic and Energy Poverty Through Locally Available Biomass Resources: Investigation of Issues Concerning India and South Africa","authors":"C. Enweremadu, D. Baruah, S. Mahapatra, D. Patowary, Gunajit Dev Sarma, Sampriti Kataki","doi":"10.1115/ES2018-7292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/ES2018-7292","url":null,"abstract":"The cyclic effect of energy poverty and economic poverty has been conclusively evidenced primarily from the experiences of developing World. In the developing countries, struggle to meet the basic energy needs impacts the life of the poorer section in terms of cost of health, education and quality. However, considering the adequate biomass resources and sustainable technologies for conversion of surplus biomass into useful form of energy; integration of the surplus resources with appropriate technology offers opportunities to address both energy and economic poverty. In this study, feasibility of some proven options of bioenergy based energy technologies and enterprises are investigated to understand their prospects to address energy and economic hardship considering a case study from India and analyzed its replicability in South Africa. Resources inventories, avenues of additional income generation and long term impact of selected bioenergy enterprise options (biogas and producer gas and improved stove) are investigated in the context of both the countries. Organic fertilizer (vermicompost), mushroom and community based agro-industries are some of the prospective entrepreneurial activities which can be supported by the bioenergy options. Considering the abundance and characteristics, feasibility of converting surplus biomass resources (crop residue, manure, food waste) into required energy along with revenue earning avenues is indicated by the study. However, there are social and managerial issues which required to be addressed besides provisions for financial incentives to realize the benefits of such integrated systems.","PeriodicalId":298211,"journal":{"name":"ASME 2018 12th International Conference on Energy Sustainability","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122345402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A precise calculation of the environmental burden of food products is a prerequisite for creating food eco-labeling as a strategy for environmental impact mitigation. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is widely used for this purpose, and proxy data is traditionally used due to the shortage of data. Uncertainties are introduced in this process since food products contain a variety of origins. In this study, data from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) is used to examine the temporal and geographic variability of the global warming potential (GWP) of seven kinds of field crops. Artificial neural network (ANN) models are then used to predict the GWP of these products at both product and category levels based on temporal and spatial variables such as soil properties, climate, latitude and elevation. The results show that temporally, a monotonic GWP trend was found in corn, soybean and winter wheat. The average geographic variability is more than 27% and is larger than temporal variability. ANN was proven to be a good prediction tool at the product level, with a coefficient of correlation (CC) of at least 0.78 in the simplest model and higher CCs when the number of neurons increases. Predictions with ANN at the category level shows that the selected variables cannot fully encompass all temporal and geographical variability.
{"title":"Estimating the Agricultural Environmental Burden As Part of a Holistic Life Cycle Assessment of Food","authors":"Tao Dai, A. Fleischer, A. Wemhoff, Ross Lee","doi":"10.1115/ES2018-7564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/ES2018-7564","url":null,"abstract":"A precise calculation of the environmental burden of food products is a prerequisite for creating food eco-labeling as a strategy for environmental impact mitigation. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is widely used for this purpose, and proxy data is traditionally used due to the shortage of data. Uncertainties are introduced in this process since food products contain a variety of origins. In this study, data from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) is used to examine the temporal and geographic variability of the global warming potential (GWP) of seven kinds of field crops. Artificial neural network (ANN) models are then used to predict the GWP of these products at both product and category levels based on temporal and spatial variables such as soil properties, climate, latitude and elevation. The results show that temporally, a monotonic GWP trend was found in corn, soybean and winter wheat. The average geographic variability is more than 27% and is larger than temporal variability. ANN was proven to be a good prediction tool at the product level, with a coefficient of correlation (CC) of at least 0.78 in the simplest model and higher CCs when the number of neurons increases. Predictions with ANN at the category level shows that the selected variables cannot fully encompass all temporal and geographical variability.","PeriodicalId":298211,"journal":{"name":"ASME 2018 12th International Conference on Energy Sustainability","volume":"170 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114048877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Airports, one of the important transportation components in this modern age, are under continuous improvement especially in regard to energy sustainability. While most work is concentrated on large airports, smaller airports which are mostly scattered around rural areas seem to be better opportunities for renewable energy utilization. However, while renewable energy has come into use at airports over the past decade, it has been at a slow pace and has not included storage. A reliable storage system can significantly increase the power reliability of a small airport and make a renewable energy system viable. Acquiring the technical requirements of a facility based on its characteristics enables the designer to evaluate the power source options and develop an efficient storage system. The current paper analytically develops a framework to design and integrate an energy storage method for a renewable system into a small airport facility. The framework details include methods for energy storage which are environmentally acceptable in combination with renewable energy sources to produce electrical power for the on-site facilities. The technical analysis which leads to the sizing of the storage unit initiates with categorizing different methods for energy storage and their applicability to an airport facility for off-grid and on-grid modes. Based on the results and conclusions from the first step, the search is narrowed down to mediums for electricity storage for a wind farm or solar power plant. In such a case, the main applications of the storage unit could be either to supply power to the facility during the transition time from the renewable source to the main grid or to regulate the power frequency of the generation unit. Capacitors and batteries were selected as the two options for the given power requirement of the facility. Considering the wide variety of available technologies and lower costs, the appropriate storage system is proposed for both long term and short term applications. A table is presented to compare available battery technologies and their respective storage capacities.
{"title":"Comparison of Different Energy Storage Systems for a Small Airport Facility","authors":"S. Shafiee, M. Mccay","doi":"10.1115/ES2018-7203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/ES2018-7203","url":null,"abstract":"Airports, one of the important transportation components in this modern age, are under continuous improvement especially in regard to energy sustainability. While most work is concentrated on large airports, smaller airports which are mostly scattered around rural areas seem to be better opportunities for renewable energy utilization. However, while renewable energy has come into use at airports over the past decade, it has been at a slow pace and has not included storage. A reliable storage system can significantly increase the power reliability of a small airport and make a renewable energy system viable.\u0000 Acquiring the technical requirements of a facility based on its characteristics enables the designer to evaluate the power source options and develop an efficient storage system. The current paper analytically develops a framework to design and integrate an energy storage method for a renewable system into a small airport facility. The framework details include methods for energy storage which are environmentally acceptable in combination with renewable energy sources to produce electrical power for the on-site facilities. The technical analysis which leads to the sizing of the storage unit initiates with categorizing different methods for energy storage and their applicability to an airport facility for off-grid and on-grid modes.\u0000 Based on the results and conclusions from the first step, the search is narrowed down to mediums for electricity storage for a wind farm or solar power plant. In such a case, the main applications of the storage unit could be either to supply power to the facility during the transition time from the renewable source to the main grid or to regulate the power frequency of the generation unit. Capacitors and batteries were selected as the two options for the given power requirement of the facility. Considering the wide variety of available technologies and lower costs, the appropriate storage system is proposed for both long term and short term applications. A table is presented to compare available battery technologies and their respective storage capacities.","PeriodicalId":298211,"journal":{"name":"ASME 2018 12th International Conference on Energy Sustainability","volume":"457 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124326537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Esmaeeli, Haniph Aliniagerdroudbari, Ashkan Nazari, S. R. Hashemi, Muapper Alhadri, Waleed Zakri, A. Mohammed, C. Batur, Siamak Farhad
Ambient energy harvesting using piezoelectric transducers is becoming popular to provide power for small microelectronics devices. The deflection of tires during rotation is an example of the source of energy for electric power generation. This generated power can be used to feed tire self-powering sensors for bicycles, cars, trucks, and airplanes. The aim of this study is to optimize the energy efficiency of a rainbow shape piezoelectric transducer mounted on the inner layer of a pneumatic tire for providing enough power for microelectronics devices required to monitor tires. For this aim a rainbow shape piezoelectric transducer is adjusted with the tire dimensions and excited based on the car speed and strain. The geometry and load resistance effects of the piezoelectric transducer is optimized using Multiphysics modeling and finite element analysis.
{"title":"Optimization of a Rainbow Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting System for Tire Monitoring Applications","authors":"R. Esmaeeli, Haniph Aliniagerdroudbari, Ashkan Nazari, S. R. Hashemi, Muapper Alhadri, Waleed Zakri, A. Mohammed, C. Batur, Siamak Farhad","doi":"10.1115/ES2018-7496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/ES2018-7496","url":null,"abstract":"Ambient energy harvesting using piezoelectric transducers is becoming popular to provide power for small microelectronics devices. The deflection of tires during rotation is an example of the source of energy for electric power generation. This generated power can be used to feed tire self-powering sensors for bicycles, cars, trucks, and airplanes. The aim of this study is to optimize the energy efficiency of a rainbow shape piezoelectric transducer mounted on the inner layer of a pneumatic tire for providing enough power for microelectronics devices required to monitor tires. For this aim a rainbow shape piezoelectric transducer is adjusted with the tire dimensions and excited based on the car speed and strain. The geometry and load resistance effects of the piezoelectric transducer is optimized using Multiphysics modeling and finite element analysis.","PeriodicalId":298211,"journal":{"name":"ASME 2018 12th International Conference on Energy Sustainability","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126543742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Compared to Solar Photovoltaics (PV), Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) can store the excess solar thermal energy, extend the power generation at night and cloudy days, and levelize the mismatch between energy demand and supply. To make CSP competitive, Thermal Energy Storage (TES) system filled with phase change material (PCM) is a promising indirect energy storage technique, compared to the TES system using concrete or river rocks. It is of great interests to solar thermal community to apply the latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) system for large scale CSP application, because PCMs can store more thermal energy due to the latent heat during the melting/freezing process. Therefore, a comprehensive parametric analysis of LHTES system is necessary in order to improve its systematic performance, since LHTES system has a relatively low energy storage efficiency compared to TES systems using sensible materials. In this study, an 11-dimensionless-parameter space of LHTES system was developed, by considering only the technical constraints (materials properties and operation parameters), instead of economic constraints. Then the parametric analysis was performed based on a 1D enthalpy-based transient model, and the energy storage efficiency was used as the objective function to minimize the number of variables in the parameter space. It was found that Stanton number (St), PCM radius (r), and void fraction (ε) are the three most important ones. The sensitivity study was conducted then based on the three dimensionless-parameter space which will significantly influence the system performance. The results of this study make LHTES system competitive with TES system using sensible materials in terms of energy storage efficiency.
{"title":"Comprehensive Parametric Analysis and Sensitivity Study of Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage System in Concentrated Solar Power Plants","authors":"Hermes Chirino, Ben Xu","doi":"10.1115/ES2018-7437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/ES2018-7437","url":null,"abstract":"Compared to Solar Photovoltaics (PV), Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) can store the excess solar thermal energy, extend the power generation at night and cloudy days, and levelize the mismatch between energy demand and supply. To make CSP competitive, Thermal Energy Storage (TES) system filled with phase change material (PCM) is a promising indirect energy storage technique, compared to the TES system using concrete or river rocks. It is of great interests to solar thermal community to apply the latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) system for large scale CSP application, because PCMs can store more thermal energy due to the latent heat during the melting/freezing process. Therefore, a comprehensive parametric analysis of LHTES system is necessary in order to improve its systematic performance, since LHTES system has a relatively low energy storage efficiency compared to TES systems using sensible materials.\u0000 In this study, an 11-dimensionless-parameter space of LHTES system was developed, by considering only the technical constraints (materials properties and operation parameters), instead of economic constraints. Then the parametric analysis was performed based on a 1D enthalpy-based transient model, and the energy storage efficiency was used as the objective function to minimize the number of variables in the parameter space. It was found that Stanton number (St), PCM radius (r), and void fraction (ε) are the three most important ones. The sensitivity study was conducted then based on the three dimensionless-parameter space which will significantly influence the system performance. The results of this study make LHTES system competitive with TES system using sensible materials in terms of energy storage efficiency.","PeriodicalId":298211,"journal":{"name":"ASME 2018 12th International Conference on Energy Sustainability","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131037528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annika Hacker, R. Gorthala, Maria-Isabel Carnasciali
Electric vehicles (EVs) are receiving more attention these days because they are environmentally friendly (no emissions) and are much quieter than internal combustion engine vehicles with rapidly decreasing prices. One of the serious limitations of EVs is the limited driving range. When conventional heating and air conditioning systems are used in winter and summer, the driving range is reduced further because they consume a lot of electric energy stored in the batteries. A thermoelectric cooling system integrated with thermal energy storage has been identified as an attractive alternative to traditional air conditioning in electric vehicles. The main goal of such a system is to minimize the amount of electricity that is drawn for air-conditioning from the electric battery of the vehicle, thus eliminating further reduction in driving range. Not only is the alternative more light weight than the conventional vapor compression based air-conditioning system, it also reduces the amount of electricity drawn from the battery. The proposed system is comprised of thermal energy storage (TES) employing phase change materials (PCMs), thermoelectric electric modules, and a fan. The TES, also referred to as a thermal battery here, can be charged before at home or at a charging station before driving like the electric battery, and is discharged when used in driving. This study involved the design and development of a TES for EVs employing computational fluid dynamics and heat transfer analyses. The model includes all the key components such as thermoelectric (Peltier) modules, heat sinks and the PCM. Various simulations for thermal battery charging and discharging have been conducted to demonstrate the feasibility of incorporating TES coupled with thermoelectric modules.
{"title":"Thermoelectric Heating and Cooling System With Integrated Thermal Energy Storage (Thermal Battery) for Electric Vehicles","authors":"Annika Hacker, R. Gorthala, Maria-Isabel Carnasciali","doi":"10.1115/ES2018-7238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/ES2018-7238","url":null,"abstract":"Electric vehicles (EVs) are receiving more attention these days because they are environmentally friendly (no emissions) and are much quieter than internal combustion engine vehicles with rapidly decreasing prices. One of the serious limitations of EVs is the limited driving range. When conventional heating and air conditioning systems are used in winter and summer, the driving range is reduced further because they consume a lot of electric energy stored in the batteries. A thermoelectric cooling system integrated with thermal energy storage has been identified as an attractive alternative to traditional air conditioning in electric vehicles. The main goal of such a system is to minimize the amount of electricity that is drawn for air-conditioning from the electric battery of the vehicle, thus eliminating further reduction in driving range. Not only is the alternative more light weight than the conventional vapor compression based air-conditioning system, it also reduces the amount of electricity drawn from the battery. The proposed system is comprised of thermal energy storage (TES) employing phase change materials (PCMs), thermoelectric electric modules, and a fan. The TES, also referred to as a thermal battery here, can be charged before at home or at a charging station before driving like the electric battery, and is discharged when used in driving. This study involved the design and development of a TES for EVs employing computational fluid dynamics and heat transfer analyses. The model includes all the key components such as thermoelectric (Peltier) modules, heat sinks and the PCM. Various simulations for thermal battery charging and discharging have been conducted to demonstrate the feasibility of incorporating TES coupled with thermoelectric modules.","PeriodicalId":298211,"journal":{"name":"ASME 2018 12th International Conference on Energy Sustainability","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124831184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents the feasibility and economics of using fuel cell backup power systems in telecommunication cell towers to provide grid services (e.g., ancillary services, demand response). The fuel cells are able to provide power for the cell tower during emergency conditions. This study evaluates the strategic integration of clean, efficient, and reliable fuel cell systems with the grid for improved economic benefits. The backup systems have potential as enhanced capability through information exchanges with the power grid to add value as grid services that depend on location and time. The economic analysis has been focused on the potential revenue for distributed telecommunications fuel cell backup units to provide value-added power supply. This paper shows case studies on current fuel cell backup power locations and regional grid service programs. The grid service benefits and system configurations for different operation modes provide opportunities for expanding backup fuel cell applications responsive to grid needs. The objective of this work primarily focuses on how fuel cells can become a significant part of the telecom backup power to reduce system costs, environmental impact, and dependence on fossil fuels, while ensuring continuity of indispensable service for mobile users. The study identifies the approaches on the fuel cell application through nano/microgrids for an extensive network of fuel cells as distributed energy resources. The possibilities of various application scenarios extend the fuel cell technologies and microgrid for reliable power supply.
{"title":"Fuel Cell Backup Power System for Grid-Service and Micro-Grid in Telecommunication Applications","authors":"Zhiwen Ma, J. Eichman, J. Kurtz","doi":"10.1115/ES2018-7184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/ES2018-7184","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the feasibility and economics of using fuel cell backup power systems in telecommunication cell towers to provide grid services (e.g., ancillary services, demand response). The fuel cells are able to provide power for the cell tower during emergency conditions. This study evaluates the strategic integration of clean, efficient, and reliable fuel cell systems with the grid for improved economic benefits. The backup systems have potential as enhanced capability through information exchanges with the power grid to add value as grid services that depend on location and time. The economic analysis has been focused on the potential revenue for distributed telecommunications fuel cell backup units to provide value-added power supply. This paper shows case studies on current fuel cell backup power locations and regional grid service programs. The grid service benefits and system configurations for different operation modes provide opportunities for expanding backup fuel cell applications responsive to grid needs.\u0000 The objective of this work primarily focuses on how fuel cells can become a significant part of the telecom backup power to reduce system costs, environmental impact, and dependence on fossil fuels, while ensuring continuity of indispensable service for mobile users. The study identifies the approaches on the fuel cell application through nano/microgrids for an extensive network of fuel cells as distributed energy resources. The possibilities of various application scenarios extend the fuel cell technologies and microgrid for reliable power supply.","PeriodicalId":298211,"journal":{"name":"ASME 2018 12th International Conference on Energy Sustainability","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129741076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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