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From sea salt to glyphosate salt: a history of herbicide use in France 从海盐到草甘膦盐:法国使用除草剂的历史
IF 2.1 4区 农林科学 Q2 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.51694/advweedsci/2022;40:seventy-five008
B. Chauvel, C. Gauvrit, J. Guillemin
: Herbicide use has deeply changed weed management and cultivation practices in France as well as round the world. However, the use of herbicides is more and more questioned, so that it appeared interesting to us to take stock of herbicide use in France. Since 1913, it has been possible to reconstruct the marketing and withdrawal of all the herbicidal active substances used in cultivated plots. Developed to compensate for the lack of manpower, chemical weed control started at the end of the 19th century with the use of mineral molecules. While copper sulfate can be considered as the first active substance with which technical experiments were carried out, sulfuric acid was the molecule that saw the greatest development because of its efficiency. The discovery of active substances in the United States and Great Britain during World War II allowed for the development of selective weed control, first for eudicotyledonous plants and then for grasses. In France, a total of 233 active substances have been authorized either alone or in combinations. Active substances have been used for more than 27 years on average, but 2,4-D and MCPA have been used continuously for more than 75 years. The effects of these molecules on the environment and health are responsible for most of the questions about their use. The withdrawal of key molecules could soon call into question the very effectiveness of weed control and perhaps put an end to an agronomic innovation that has been in use for nearly one hundred years.
除草剂的使用已经深刻地改变了法国和世界各地的杂草管理和种植方式。然而,除草剂的使用受到越来越多的质疑,因此我们对法国的除草剂使用情况进行评估显得很有趣。自1913年以来,已经有可能重建耕地中使用的所有除草活性物质的销售和撤回。化学杂草控制是为了弥补人力的不足而开发的,始于19世纪末,当时使用的是矿物分子。虽然硫酸铜可以被认为是第一个进行技术实验的活性物质,但硫酸是由于其效率而得到最大发展的分子。第二次世界大战期间,美国和英国发现了活性物质,这使得选择性杂草控制技术得以发展,首先是对真子叶植物,然后是禾草。在法国,总共有233种活性物质被单独或组合批准。活性物质的平均使用时间超过27年,但2,4- d和MCPA的连续使用时间超过75年。这些分子对环境和健康的影响是有关其使用的大多数问题的原因。关键分子的退出可能很快就会使杂草控制的有效性受到质疑,并可能使一项已经使用了近百年的农业创新告一段落。
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引用次数: 3
Global patterns of herbicide resistance evolution in Amaranthus spp .: an analysis comparing species, cropping regions and herbicides 苋属植物抗除草剂进化的全球格局:比较品种、种植区域和除草剂的分析
IF 2.1 4区 农林科学 Q2 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.51694/10.51694/advweedsci/2022;40:amaranthus011
M. Yanniccari, T. Gaines, J. Scursoni, R. Prado, M. Vila-Aiub
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引用次数: 1
Herbicidal efficacy of culture filtrates of Alternaria brassicicola and Alternaria gaisen against parthenium weed 油菜互花菌和生互花菌培养滤液对parthenium杂草的除草效果
IF 2.1 4区 农林科学 Q2 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.51694/advweedsci/2022;40:00002
T. Kausar, K. Jabeen, A. Javaid, S. Iqbal
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引用次数: 1
The potential future roles of natural compounds and microbial bioherbicides in weed management in crops 天然化合物和微生物生物除草剂在作物杂草管理中的潜在作用
IF 2.1 4区 农林科学 Q2 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.51694/advweedsci/2022;40:seventy-five003
S. Duke, Z. Pan, J. Bajsa-Hirschel, C. Boyette
: There is a popular demand for more natural means of pest management, including weed management, as well as a demand by farmers for herbicides with new chemistries and/or new modes of action to which current weed resistances do not apply. Natural compounds offer a source compounds that can either meet these needs in their natural state or as templates for herbicides with better physicochemical properties for field use. In some cases, simply identifying a good herbicide target site with a natural phytotoxin can be valuable, even though that compound is not used as a template for new herbicides. Compared to insecticides and fungicides, natural compounds have been under-utilized for herbicides. Despite their need, living, microbial biocontrol agents have had little impact on weed management in crops, despite decades of research to discover and develop such products. Management of insect and plant pathogens with microbial biopesticides has been much more successful. The reasons for this and possible solutions are discussed. Killed microbial preparations containing potent phytotoxins avoid some of the issues with live microbes, and such products are under development. This type of product can also offer more than one new mode of action in a single preparation. Precision and smart spray systems can improve the economics of both natural product-based herbicides and microbial bioherbicides.
人们普遍要求采用更自然的有害生物管理方法,包括杂草管理,农民也要求使用具有新化学成分和/或新的作用方式的除草剂,而目前的杂草抗性并不适用。天然化合物提供了一种源化合物,既可以在其自然状态下满足这些需要,也可以作为具有更好物理化学性质的除草剂模板用于田间使用。在某些情况下,简单地用天然植物毒素确定一个好的除草剂靶点可能是有价值的,即使该化合物不用作新除草剂的模板。与杀虫剂和杀菌剂相比,天然化合物在除草剂方面的利用不足。尽管有这样的需要,但尽管经过几十年的研究发现和开发了这样的产品,但活的微生物生物防治剂对作物杂草管理的影响很小。用微生物生物杀虫剂管理昆虫和植物病原体已经取得了更大的成功。讨论了造成这种情况的原因和可能的解决方案。含有强效植物毒素的杀微生物制剂避免了活微生物的一些问题,这类产品正在开发中。这种类型的产品也可以在单一制剂中提供一种以上的新作用模式。精确和智能喷雾系统可以提高天然产品除草剂和微生物生物除草剂的经济性。
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引用次数: 17
Interaction of clethodim with glyphosate and/or 2,4-d at different doses and spray volumes in the control of glyphosate-resistant ryegrass 不同剂量和喷雾量的氯噻灵与草甘膦和/或2,4-d的相互作用在防治草甘膦抗性黑麦草中的作用
IF 2.1 4区 农林科学 Q2 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.51694/advweedsci/2022;40:00022
D. Agostinetto, C. S. Pigatto, R. R. Zandoná, A. Roberto, B. M. Silva, A. Andres
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引用次数: 2
Multiple resistance in goosegrass to clethodim, haloxyfop-methyl and glyphosate 鹅草对草硫磷、氟草磷和草甘膦的多重抗性
IF 2.1 4区 农林科学 Q2 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.51694/advweedsci/2022;40:00001
J. Nunes, R. Werle, M. M. D. Freitas, P. C. R. D. Cunha
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引用次数: 1
Multiscale properties of weeds in no-till system 免耕系统中杂草的多尺度特性
IF 2.1 4区 农林科学 Q2 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.51694/advweedsci/2022;40:00008
D. M. da Silva, José F. Mendanha, Ricardo N. Buss, G. M. Siqueira
: Background: Weeds have high spatial variability and show clustering behavior, with heterogeneity in scales that can be evaluated through multifractal analysis. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the spatial variability of weeds using multifractal analysis in a no-till area. Methods: Sampling was conducted at 1,015 sampling points in an experimental plot with a regular grid of 5 × 5 m (2.38 ha) with no tillage. The area was cultivated with triticale ( Triticum secale ), and in the summer of 2011, the area was cultivated with soybean ( Glycine max ). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multifractal analysis using the box-counting method to determine the scaling properties of the variables. Results: The predominance of Raphanus raphanistrum was identified in the winter crop and Commelina ssp. during the summer. The singularity spectrum showed greater asymmetry for Raphanus raphanistrum and Commelina ssp. in relation to the category of other weeds (OW). The degree of multifractality varied throughout the study period, showing the ecological patterns of the studied species. Scale heterogeneity was revealed, with different degrees of multifractality that evidenced the processes of dispersion and colonization of the environment by the different weed species evaluated. Conclusions: The species Raphanus raphanistrum and Commelina ssp. showed domains of low measurement values, and OW was the most heterogeneous.
背景:杂草具有较高的空间变异性和聚类行为,其尺度异质性可通过多重分形分析来评价。目的:利用多重分形分析方法评价免耕区杂草的空间变异性。方法:在免耕的5 × 5 m (2.38 ha)规则格网试验地块上取样1015个采样点。该区域种植小黑麦(Triticum secale), 2011年夏季种植大豆(Glycine max)。对数据进行描述性统计和多重分形分析,采用盒计数法确定变量的标度特性。结果:在冬季作物和毛莨属植物中鉴定出了莴苣属优势菌。在夏天。奇点谱显示出更大的不对称性,这是Raphanus raphanistrum和Commelina ssp。与其他杂草(OW)的类别有关。在整个研究期间,多重分形的程度不同,反映了研究物种的生态模式。尺度异质性表现为不同程度的多重分形,反映了不同杂草对环境的分散和定植过程。结论:大黄菜属和小黄菜属。显示测量值较低的域,OW的异质性最大。
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引用次数: 1
Investigation of the effectiveness of AC/DC electric current as a weed control method using NDVI technique 用NDVI技术研究交直流电流作为杂草控制方法的有效性
IF 2.1 4区 农林科学 Q2 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.51694/advweedsci/2022;40:00018
H. Şahin
: Due to the negative environmental effects of herbicides, restrictions are imposed in many developed countries and the transition to alternative methods is encouraged. Upon these restrictions and prohibitions, non-chemical weed control methods have been started to be developed. One of these alternative weed control methods is the electric current method. Background: Using multiple electrodes, the mortality rates were measured by exposing the plants germinated in laboratory conditions to AC and DC currents for different periods. Objective: In this study, the effects of direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC) on the mortality rates of plants were investigated. Methods: difference and of AC/DC on the mortality rate was determined. Results: While mortality was between 11% and 17% for AC, mortality occurred at a rate of 31% in plants that had 300 volts DC applied for 350 s. Conclusions: The degrees (r) of these relationships were 79.7% and 95.7%, respectively. According to these results, mortality rates increased as the voltage increased.
由于除草剂对环境的负面影响,许多发达国家实行了限制,并鼓励向替代方法过渡。在这些限制和禁止的基础上,非化学杂草控制方法已经开始发展。这些可选的杂草控制方法之一是电流法。背景:使用多个电极,将在实验室条件下发芽的植物暴露在交流和直流电流中不同时期,以测量其死亡率。目的:研究直流(DC)和交流(AC)对植物死亡率的影响。方法:测定AC/DC对死亡率的影响。结果:交流电的死亡率在11%到17%之间,而300伏直流电350秒的植物死亡率为31%。结论:相关度(r)分别为79.7%和95.7%。根据这些结果,死亡率随着电压的增加而增加。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of glyphosate on nodulation and nitrogen fixation of transgenic glyphosate-tolerant soybean 草甘膦对转基因耐草甘膦大豆结瘤和固氮的影响
IF 2.1 4区 农林科学 Q2 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.51694/advweedsci/2022;40:00024
R. A. Corral, Gustavo Giaccioa, M. Yanniccari
: Background: The use of glyphosate on glyphosate-tolerant soybean crops led to improved control of a wide range of weeds, which resulted in reduced costs with the no-till system. The emergence of the first herbicide-resistant weeds have driven an increase in glyphosate applications, and even though those soybean materials have a low sensitivity to glyphosate, the rhizobial symbionts could be affected by the herbicide, and plants might be indirectly injured. Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of multiple glyphosate applications throughout the soybean crop cycle on plant growth, nodulation and biological nitrogen fixation (BNF). Methods: The effects of one, two and three treatments of a recommended dose of glyphosate on BNF and growth of glyphosate-tolerant soybean plants were evaluated in greenhouse and field experiments. Results: Two or more applications of glyphosate inhibited the BNF and growth of soybean plants. Under controlled conditions, at least one glyphosate application at V1 affected the number and mass of nodules per plant, and successive applications in advanced phonological stages resulted in the inhibition of nodule growth. With two and three sprayings of glyphosate, the proportion of N derived from the air in plants was reduced by 41% compared with the treatment without glyphosate. In field experiments, detrimental effects of three sequential applications of glyphosate on number of nodules per plant (-25%), biomass production (-21%) and grain yield (-36%) were detected. Conclusions: Multiple glyphosate applications of glyphosate inhibited the BNF and growth of soybean plants and it could be as damaging as +weed interference.
背景:在耐草甘膦的大豆作物上使用草甘膦,可以改善对各种杂草的控制,从而降低免耕系统的成本。第一批抗草甘膦杂草的出现推动了草甘膦应用的增加,尽管这些大豆材料对草甘膦的敏感性较低,但根瘤菌共生体可能受到除草剂的影响,植物可能受到间接伤害。目的:研究大豆作物周期内多次施用草甘膦对植物生长、结瘤和生物固氮的影响。方法:通过温室试验和田间试验,评价推荐剂量草甘膦1、2、3个处理对耐草甘膦大豆BNF和生长的影响。结果:两次或两次以上施用草甘膦抑制了大豆植株的BNF和生长。在控制条件下,在V1期至少施用一次草甘膦会影响单株根瘤的数量和质量,在后期连续施用草甘膦会抑制根瘤的生长。与不施用草甘膦的处理相比,两次和三次喷洒草甘膦后,植物从空气中获得的氮的比例降低了41%。在田间试验中,检测到连续三次施用草甘膦对单株根瘤数(-25%)、生物量(-21%)和籽粒产量(-36%)的不利影响。结论:多次施用草甘膦抑制了大豆植株的BNF和生长,其危害与杂草干扰相当。
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引用次数: 0
Herbicide use history and weed management in Southeast Asia 东南亚除草剂的使用历史和杂草管理
IF 2.1 4区 农林科学 Q2 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.51694/advweedsci/2022;40:seventy-five013
M. Casimero, Mary Joy Abit, A. H. Ramirez, N. G. Dimaano, Johannes Mendoza
: Southeast Asia’s rich natural resources and favorable climatic conditions make it conducive for intensive rice-based, corn-based and perennial crops-based cropping systems. Regardless of the cropping system, weeds remain to be among the major factors that limit yields. The use of herbicides to manage weeds in these systems has been increasing through the years. The use of 2,4-D started in the late 1940s and remains as a major herbicide to control rice weeds. The 1980s saw the introduction of multiple active ingredients of herbicides for rice, corn and perennial crops, mostly selective herbicides with highly specific target sites and MOA.
东南亚丰富的自然资源和有利的气候条件使其有利于以水稻、玉米和多年生作物为基础的集约化种植系统。无论采用何种种植制度,杂草仍然是限制产量的主要因素之一。多年来,在这些系统中使用除草剂来控制杂草的情况一直在增加。2,4- d的使用始于20世纪40年代末,至今仍是控制水稻杂草的主要除草剂。20世纪80年代,水稻、玉米和多年生作物除草剂的多种有效成分被引入,主要是具有高度特异性靶点和MOA的选择性除草剂。
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引用次数: 3
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Advances in Weed Science
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