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A New Species of Silverside of the Genus Odontesthes (Atheriniformes: Atherinopsidae) with Hypertrophic Lips from a High-Altitude Basin in Southern Brazil 巴西南部高海拔盆地具肥厚嘴唇的齿齿蛇属银翅一新种(齿齿蛇亚纲:齿齿蛇科)
IF 1.5 3区 生物学 Q2 ZOOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-11-04 DOI: 10.1643/i2021136
Juliana M. Wingert, J. Ferrer, M. P. Neves, Dirceu Baumgartner, L. Malabarba
Odontesthes crossognathos, new species, is described from the Pelotas River basin, upper Uruguay River, southern Brazil. The new species is easily diagnosed by the possession of hypertrophied lips bearing numerous dermal papillae, a character absent in other species of the genus. The new species is also distinguished from congeners, except O. humensis, by having the upper jaw distinctly longer than the lower jaw and a subterminal mouth. These mouth morphology adaptations are probably related to the foraging behavior of the new species, which inhabits rivers with rapids and rocky bottoms in a high-altitude basin. Odontesthes crossognathos, espécie nova, é descrita da bacia do rio Pelotas, alto rio Uruguai, sul do Brasil. A nova espécie é facilmente diagnosticável por possuir lábios hipertrofiados com numerosas papilas dérmicas, caráter ausente em outras espécies do gênero. A nova espécie também se distingue das congêneres, exceto de O. humensis, por ter a mandíbula superior distintamente mais longa do que a inferior e a boca subterminal. Essas adaptações na morfologia da boca provavelmente estão relacionadas ao comportamento de forrageamento da nova espécie, que habita rios de corredeiras e fundos rochosos em uma bacia de altitude elevada.
巴西南部乌拉圭河上游佩洛塔斯河流域的齿齿蛇(Odontesthes crossognathos),新种。这个新种很容易通过拥有肥大的嘴唇来诊断,嘴唇上有许多真皮乳头,这是该属其他物种所没有的特征。这个新物种也与同类区别开来,除了猿人,上颚明显长于下颚和一个下颚。这些口腔形态的适应可能与新物种的觅食行为有关,它们生活在高海拔盆地的急流和岩石底部的河流中。odonteses cross - sognathos, espacei nova, descrita da bacia do bbo Pelotas, alto bba Uruguai, sul do Brasil。A nova espencie facilmente diagnosticável por posir lábios hipertrofiados com numerosas papilas dastrimicas, caráter ausente em outras espenciesimcies do gênero。一个新的espespacei tambacem有独特的das congêneres,除了O. humensis, porter有一个mandíbula高级的鉴别mais长一个低级的boca亚终端。第2章adaptações - 1 .形态发育学的研究进展情况:与新发电子通讯通讯的研究进展情况的关系;与新发电子通讯的研究进展情况的关系;与新发电子通讯的研究进展情况的关系。
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引用次数: 0
Woodland Box Turtle (Terrapene carolina carolina) Abundance Declines with Increasing Urban Land Use in the Piedmont 山地箱龟(Terrapene carolina carolina)的数量随着皮埃蒙特城市土地利用的增加而下降
IF 1.5 3区 生物学 Q2 ZOOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-11-04 DOI: 10.1643/h2022001
Ashley Graham, Jack T Nguyen, K. Sasaki
Urbanization increasingly threatens wildlife, as urban extent is expected to triple by 2030. However, the role of urbanization in population declines remains poorly understood for many species. To determine the role of urbanization in the decline of Woodland Box Turtles (Terrapene carolina carolina), we estimated abundances of box turtles via timed visual surveys at 11 forest patches along a gradient of urbanization in the rapidly urbanizing Piedmont ecoregion. We related abundance of female and male box turtles to landcover variables indicative of urbanization intensity (forest cover, impervious surface cover, and road density) quantified at three spatial extents (circular areas with a radius of 500 m, 1,500 m, and 2,500 m around each sampling area) to capture potential effects at the patch and landscape levels. Female abundance declined most strongly with increasing impervious surface area at a 500 m radius, and to a lesser extent with decreasing forest cover and increasing road density at a 500 m radius, with these variables explaining 42%, 31%, and 29% of the variation in abundance, respectively. Male abundance declined most strongly with decreasing forest cover at the 2,500 m and 500 m radii, but only 18% and 14% of the variation was accounted for by each of these variables, respectively. Observed negative associations between urban landcover and box turtle abundance suggest that urbanization contributes to their decline, especially in females. We advise that preserving or restoring large urban forest patches are important to the long-term persistence of Woodland Box Turtles in ever increasing urban landscapes.
城市化对野生动物的威胁越来越大,预计到2030年,城市面积将增加三倍。然而,对于许多物种来说,城市化在人口下降中的作用仍然知之甚少。为了确定城市化在林地箱龟(Terrapene carolina carolina)数量减少中的作用,我们通过对快速城市化的皮埃蒙特生态区中沿着城市化梯度的11个森林斑块进行定时视觉调查,估计了箱龟的丰度。我们将雌性和雄性箱龟的丰度与指示城市化强度的陆地覆盖变量(森林覆盖、不透水表面覆盖和道路密度)联系起来,这些变量在三个空间范围(每个采样区周围半径为500米、1500米和2500米的圆形区域)进行量化,以捕捉斑块和景观层面的潜在影响。雌性丰度在半径500米处随着不透水表面积的增加而下降最为强烈,在半径500 m处随着森林覆盖率的降低和道路密度的增加而减少的程度较小,这些变量分别解释了42%、31%和29%的丰度变化。在2500米和500米半径处,随着森林覆盖率的下降,雄性丰度下降最为强烈,但每一个变量分别只能解释18%和14%的变化。观察到的城市土地覆盖率和箱龟数量之间的负相关关系表明,城市化导致了箱龟数量的下降,尤其是在雌性箱龟中。我们建议,保护或恢复大型城市森林斑块对于Woodland Box Turtles在不断增加的城市景观中的长期生存至关重要。
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引用次数: 1
A New Species of Sternopygus (Gymnotiformes: Sternopygidae) from the Atlantic Coast of the Guiana Shield 圭亚那地盾大西洋海岸Sternopygus一新种(Gymnotiformes:Sternopygidae)
IF 1.5 3区 生物学 Q2 ZOOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-11-04 DOI: 10.1643/i2022013
Kevin T. Torgersen, J. Albert
Sternopygus sabaji, new species, is described from the Atlantic drainages of the Guiana Shield region of South America using traditional methods of morphometrics and meristics and microcomputed tomography (µCT) scans for osteological analysis. The new species is diagnosed from all other species of Sternopygus by the lack of dentition on the anteroventral surface of the endopterygoid and by the possession of a wider mouth. It further differs from its congeners by the following combination of characters: reduced humeral spot with low-contrast and poorly defined margins, possession of a light-colored mid-lateral stripe along posterior portion of lateral line, possession of 1–3 dark saddle-like markings along dorsum of smaller individuals, and a relatively low precaudal vertebrae count. This work provides the first description of a species of Sternopygus that is endemic to the Guiana Shield, joining S. astrabes and S. macrurus in elevating the species richness of the clade in that region to three species and the total number of valid Sternopygus to ten species.
利用形态计量学和统计学的传统方法以及用于骨学分析的微计算机断层扫描(µCT)扫描,研究了来自南美洲圭亚那盾区大西洋流域的新物种Sternopygus sabaji。这个新种是从所有其他种类的胸骨龙中被诊断出来的,因为在翼内肌的前腹面上没有牙列,而且有一个更宽的嘴。它与同类动物的进一步不同之处在于以下特征的组合:肱骨斑点减少,边缘对比度低,边缘不清晰,沿侧线后部有浅色的中外侧条纹,在较小个体的背部有1-3个深色鞍状斑纹,以及相对较少的前椎体计数。本研究首次描述了圭亚那盾区特有的一种胸腹蛇,加入了S. astrabes和S. macrurus的行列,将该分支的物种丰富度提高到3种,有效的胸腹蛇总数提高到10种。
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引用次数: 2
Phylogeny Reconciles Classification in Antarctic Plunderfishes 系统发育与南极掠鱼的分类相协调
IF 1.5 3区 生物学 Q2 ZOOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-11-03 DOI: 10.1643/i2021126
Elyse Parker, T. Near
The resolution of phylogenetic relationships within rapid radiations poses a significant challenge in systematic biology. However, the integration of genome-scale DNA data with multispecies coalescent-based tree inference methods offers a strategy to resolve historically recalcitrant nodes within radiations of closely related species. Here, we analyze a dataset of over 60,000 loci captured via double digest restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (ddRADseq) using both concatenation- and coalescent-based approaches to infer the phylogenetic relationships of the Antarctic notothenioid lineage Artedidraconinae. Previous studies identify artedidraconines as the most rapidly diversifying subclade of notothenioids, but evolutionary studies of the clade are stymied by pervasive phylogenetic and taxonomic uncertainty. The results of our phylogenomic analyses provide clarity to several long-standing challenges in the systematics of artedidraconines, including the deep paraphyly of Artedidraco. Our findings enable the construction of a classification that reflects phylogenetic relationships, including the description of a new genus and the resurrection of a classification of Notothenioidei that places Artedidraconinae as a subfamily of Harpagiferidae. This work provides a phylogenetic perspective for investigations of the tempo and mode of diversification in artedidraconines, which is likely to provide new insights on the dynamics of the notothenioid adaptive radiation as a whole.
快速辐射系统发育关系的研究对系统生物学提出了重大挑战。然而,将基因组尺度的DNA数据与基于多物种聚结的树推理方法相结合,提供了一种解决近缘物种辐射中历史上顽固节点的策略。在这里,我们分析的数据集60000多位点捕获通过双消化限制site-associated DNA测序(ddRADseq)使用连接-和coalescent-based方法来推断南极notothenioid血统Artedidraconinae的系统发育关系。先前的研究发现,artedidraconines是南极鱼中分化最快的亚支系,但该支系的进化研究受到普遍存在的系统发育和分类不确定性的阻碍。我们的系统基因组分析结果为一些长期存在的挑战提供了清晰的阐释,包括亚龙科的深层分支。我们的发现能够构建一个反映系统发育关系的分类,包括一个新属的描述和Notothenioidei分类的复活,该分类将Artedidraconinae作为Harpagiferidae的一个亚科。这项工作为研究南极鱼多样性的速度和模式提供了一个系统发育的视角,这可能为南极鱼适应辐射的整体动力学提供新的见解。
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引用次数: 1
State of the Amphibia 2020: A Review of Five Years of Amphibian Research and Existing Resources 两栖动物现状2020:两栖动物研究和现有资源五年回顾
IF 1.5 3区 生物学 Q2 ZOOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-11-03 DOI: 10.1643/h2022005
Molly C. Womack, Emma Steigerwald, David C. Blackburn, D. Cannatella, A. Catenazzi, J. Che, M. Koo, J. McGuire, S. Ron, Carol L. Spencer, V. Vredenburg, Rebecca D. Tarvin
Amphibians are a clade of over 8,400 species that provide unique research opportunities and challenges. With amphibians undergoing severe global declines, we posit that assessing our current understanding of amphibians is imperative. Focusing on the past five years (2016–2020), we examine trends in amphibian research, data, and systematics. New species of amphibians continue to be described at a pace of ∼150 per year. Phylogenomic studies are increasing, fueling a growing consensus in the amphibian tree of life. Over 3,000 species of amphibians are now represented by expert-curated accounts or data in AmphibiaWeb, AmphibiaChina, BIOWEB, or the Amphibian Disease Portal. Nevertheless, many species lack basic natural history data (e.g., diet records, morphological measurements, call recordings) and major gaps exist for entire amphibian clades. Genomic resources appear on the cusp of a rapid expansion, but large, repetitive amphibian genomes still pose significant challenges. Conservation continues to be a major focus for amphibian research, and threats cataloged on AmphibiaWeb for 1,261 species highlight the need to address land use change and disease using adaptive management strategies. To further promote amphibian research and conservation, we underscore the importance of database integration and suggest that other understudied or imperiled clades would benefit from similar assessments of existing data.
两栖动物是8400多个物种的分支,提供了独特的研究机会和挑战。随着两栖动物在全球范围内的严重衰退,我们认为评估我们目前对两栖动物的理解是当务之急。着眼于过去五年(2016-2020),我们考察了两栖动物研究、数据和系统学的趋势。两栖动物的新物种继续以每年约150种的速度被描述。系统发育基因组学的研究越来越多,推动了两栖动物生命树的共识。现在,超过3000种两栖动物在AmphibiaWeb、AmphibiaChina、BIOWEB或两栖动物疾病门户网站上有专家策划的账户或数据。然而,许多物种缺乏基本的自然历史数据(例如,饮食记录、形态测量、叫声记录),整个两栖动物分支存在重大差距。基因组资源似乎处于快速扩张的风口浪尖,但大型、重复的两栖动物基因组仍然构成重大挑战。保护仍然是两栖动物研究的主要焦点,两栖动物网络上1261个物种的威胁目录强调了使用适应性管理策略解决土地利用变化和疾病的必要性。为了进一步促进两栖动物的研究和保护,我们强调了数据库整合的重要性,并建议其他研究不足或濒危的分支将受益于对现有数据的类似评估。
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引用次数: 11
A Novel Association between Larval and Juvenile Erythrocles schlegelii (Teleostei: Emmelichthyidae) and Pelagic Tunicates 鳞红鱼幼体和幼体与远洋被囊动物的新联系
IF 1.5 3区 生物学 Q2 ZOOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-11-03 DOI: 10.1643/i2022008
M. Pastana, M. Girard, Mike I. Bartick, G. Johnson
We describe the first documented associations between an emmelichthyid and a pelagic tunicate. An in situ observation of larval and juvenile Japanese Rubyfish, Erythrocles schlegelii (Emmelichthyidae) was made during blackwater scuba dives in the epipelagic waters off the coast of the Philippines. The fish were in close association with the pelagic salp Pegea confoederata (Thaliacea; Salpidae), either drifting alongside a colony of salps or residing inside individual salp cavities. Our results describe and illustrate this behavior, highlighting a previously undocumented family of fishes that associates with pelagic gelatinous invertebrates. This finding also demonstrates the importance of community science to further our understanding of the early life history of marine fishes.
我们描述了第一个记录的关联之间的emmelichthyid和远洋被囊动物。在菲律宾近海的黑水水肺潜水中,对日本红宝石鱼幼鱼和幼鱼进行了现场观察。这些鱼与远洋海带Pegea confoederata (Thaliacea;Salpidae),或与一群salp一起漂流或居住在单个salp的腔内。我们的研究结果描述并说明了这种行为,突出了以前未记载的与远洋胶状无脊椎动物相关的鱼类家族。这一发现也证明了群落科学对我们进一步了解海洋鱼类早期生活史的重要性。
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引用次数: 2
Dr. Molly C. Womack Molly C.Womack博士
IF 1.5 3区 生物学 Q2 ZOOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-10-31 DOI: 10.1643/t2022076
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引用次数: 0
William E. Duellman (1930–2022) 威廉·E·杜尔曼(1930–2022)
IF 1.5 3区 生物学 Q2 ZOOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-10-31 DOI: 10.1643/t2022033
J. Mendelson
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引用次数: 2
Genomic Data Clarify Aquarana Systematics and Reveal Isolation-by-Distance Dominates Phylogeography of the Wide-Ranging Frog Rana clamitans 基因组数据阐明了水族系统学,揭示了广泛分布的蛙类海蛙的系统地理学中距离隔离占主导地位
IF 1.5 3区 生物学 Q2 ZOOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-10-31 DOI: 10.1643/h2021129
Daniel J. MacGuigan, G. Mount, G. Watkins-Colwell, T. Near, Max R. Lambert
Wide-ranging species often span geographic dispersal barriers, providing opportunity for divergence via genetic drift or natural selection. Such conditions can be favorable for speciation, and wide-ranging taxa are frequently subdivided into multiple species by modern molecular studies. However, with wide-ranging species, it is important to explicitly test for isolation-by-distance (IBD), which can produce continuous genetic variation that may be misinterpreted as discrete population structure or even distinct species. Here we examine the Green Frog (Rana clamitans), a wide-ranging species of the Aquarana clade distributed across much of North America. The broader phylogenetic context for R. clamitans within Aquarana is poorly understood, particularly its relationship with the closely related and IUCN Vulnerable Florida Bog Frog (Rana okaloosae). Additionally, although phenotypic variation within Rana clamitans previously merited description of two subspecies, patterns of genetic diversity remain unclear. Using genome-wide ddRAD markers, we largely resolve relationships within Aquarana and unambiguously identify R. okaloosae as the sister lineage to R. clamitans. Despite mtDNA introgression, we find little genomic evidence of hybridization between R. okaloosae and R. clamitans. Within R. clamitans there are two well-supported and geographically divided clades, which are identified as distinct species by a multispecies coalescent-based approach. However, the two clades exhibit low genealogical divergence. Population genetic analyses reveal that genetic variation within R. clamitans is best described by a pattern of IBD rather than independently evolving lineages. We conclude that R. clamitans is indeed a single species and the subspecies concept is of limited use. Our analysis demonstrates the importance of understanding continuous genetic variation when delimiting lineages and highlights the power of combining population genetic and phylogenetic perspectives to describe diversity within wide-ranging taxa.
幅员辽阔的物种经常跨越地理上的扩散障碍,通过遗传漂变或自然选择提供了分化的机会。这些条件有利于物种形成,现代分子研究经常将广泛的分类群细分为多个物种。然而,对于分布广泛的物种,明确测试距离隔离(IBD)是很重要的,这可能会产生连续的遗传变异,可能被误解为离散的种群结构,甚至是不同的物种。在这里,我们研究了绿蛙(绿蛙),这是一种广泛分布在北美大部分地区的水族分支。人们对水族动物中r.c imitans更广泛的系统发育背景知之甚少,特别是它与密切相关的IUCN脆弱佛罗里达沼泽蛙(Rana okaloosae)的关系。此外,尽管海蛙的表型变异先前有两个亚种的描述,但遗传多样性的模式仍然不清楚。利用全基因组ddRAD标记,我们在很大程度上解决了水族之间的关系,并明确地确定了R. okaloosae是R. clamitans的姐妹谱系。尽管存在mtDNA的渐入性,但我们发现很少有基因组证据表明土鼠和蛤猴之间存在杂交。在蛤蛤中有两个很好的支持和地理上分开的分支,它们通过基于多物种聚结的方法被识别为不同的物种。然而,这两个支系表现出较低的谱系差异。种群遗传分析表明,海蛤的遗传变异最好用IBD的模式来描述,而不是用独立进化的谱系来描述。我们认为,蛤蚌确实是一个单一的物种,亚种概念的使用是有限的。我们的分析证明了在划分谱系时理解连续遗传变异的重要性,并强调了结合群体遗传和系统发育观点来描述广泛分类群内多样性的力量。
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引用次数: 0
Dr. Matthew A. Kolmann Matthew A.Kolmann博士
IF 1.5 3区 生物学 Q2 ZOOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-10-31 DOI: 10.1643/t2022077
Dr. Matthew A. Kolmann
Tell us a little about your research.— I study the evolution of form and function within the context of understanding aquatic biodiversity. My work integrates biomechanics, morphometry, and bio-imaging with phylogenetics and evolutionary ecology. I am principally interested in the evolution of traits, and I rely on this gamut of techniques and perspectives to tease apart the complex histories of why an animal looks and behaves a certain way. For instance, I am how my coauthors and I combined diet data, and high-resolution imaging to tease apart the evolutionary relationships of piranhas and pacus (Serrasal-midae). combination of methods us propose relationships pacus and
告诉我们一些你的研究。——我在理解水生生物多样性的背景下研究形态和功能的进化。我的工作将生物力学、形态计量学和生物成像与系统发育学和进化生态学相结合。我主要对特征的进化感兴趣,我依靠这一系列的技术和视角来梳理动物为什么看起来和行为有某种方式的复杂历史。例如,我和我的合著者是如何将饮食数据和高分辨率成像相结合,来梳理食人鱼和pacus(Serrasal midae)的进化关系的。方法的结合我们提出关系pacus和
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引用次数: 0
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Ichthyology and Herpetology
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