Pub Date : 2023-02-24DOI: 10.3126/tvet.v17i1.52429
H. Lamsal, Anil Muni Bajracharya
The TVET sector faces a number of challenges, including declining enrollment, mismatch between supply and demand, and quality and relevance concerns. These issues may be addressed through a strategic plan that focuses on improving the quality of TVET programs, strengthening the governance and management of the sector, and increasing enrollment and participation. The three-phase 10-year plan in the article paves the path to address these challenges and move the TVET sector in the right direction. The first phase could focus on laying the foundation for a more effective and efficient TVET sector, including investment in infrastructure and technology, development of governance and management systems, and improvement of program quality. The second phase could focus on expanding access to TVET programs and increasing enrollment, while the third phase could focus on consolidating the gains made in the first two phases and making further improvements to the TVET sector. The author of this article conducted a desk review and engaged with various stakeholders to gain a comprehensive understanding of the challenges facing the TVET sector in Nepal. By identifying the current challenges and exploring the way forward through a 10-year plan in three phases, the article contributes to the development of a comprehensive and effective solution for the TVET sector. Overall, the article highlights the importance of a strategic approach to addressing the challenges facing the TVET sector in Nepal. By taking a phased, comprehensive approach, the TVET sector can be developed into a strong and effective source of economic growth and prosperity for the country.
{"title":"TVET Sector Strategic Plan, 2023-2032: A Drive to Success","authors":"H. Lamsal, Anil Muni Bajracharya","doi":"10.3126/tvet.v17i1.52429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/tvet.v17i1.52429","url":null,"abstract":"The TVET sector faces a number of challenges, including declining enrollment, mismatch between supply and demand, and quality and relevance concerns. These issues may be addressed through a strategic plan that focuses on improving the quality of TVET programs, strengthening the governance and management of the sector, and increasing enrollment and participation. The three-phase 10-year plan in the article paves the path to address these challenges and move the TVET sector in the right direction. The first phase could focus on laying the foundation for a more effective and efficient TVET sector, including investment in infrastructure and technology, development of governance and management systems, and improvement of program quality. The second phase could focus on expanding access to TVET programs and increasing enrollment, while the third phase could focus on consolidating the gains made in the first two phases and making further improvements to the TVET sector. The author of this article conducted a desk review and engaged with various stakeholders to gain a comprehensive understanding of the challenges facing the TVET sector in Nepal. By identifying the current challenges and exploring the way forward through a 10-year plan in three phases, the article contributes to the development of a comprehensive and effective solution for the TVET sector. Overall, the article highlights the importance of a strategic approach to addressing the challenges facing the TVET sector in Nepal. By taking a phased, comprehensive approach, the TVET sector can be developed into a strong and effective source of economic growth and prosperity for the country.","PeriodicalId":298944,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Technical and Vocational Education and Training","volume":"232 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134322987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-24DOI: 10.3126/tvet.v17i1.52413
R. Adhikari, S. Adhikari, Dilli Ram Upreti, Keshav Prasad Adhikari
The technical and vocational education and training (TVET) program has been implemented in the country for a long time. Nevertheless, the actual impact it had made on the national economy is unknown. The main objective of this study is to examine the effectiveness of the TVET program in Nepal. The study employed concurrent mixed methods which used both quantitative and qualitative approaches. A retrospective post-then-pre design was used in this study. A total of 21 districts (3 districts from each province) were selected. A survey was conducted with 1,231 Diploma and Pre-Diploma (TSLC) graduates who studied in the institutions either affiliated to or constituent of the Council for Technical Education and Vocational Training (CTEVT). Similarly, 42 key informants’ interviews (2 from each district) were conducted with key stakeholders, such as school principals, instructors, and employers. Overall, out of the total graduates, only 8.8% were working before joining TVET, and the remaining 91% did not work, while the percentage of graduates employed during the time of survey was 58.2%. A remarkable difference in average income was found before and after graduation (NRs 1,815 vs NRs 15,656). The income difference was highest among the people who studied engineering (NRs 16,005) followed by health (NRs 14,908). The income of males was 1.6 times higher than that of females after graduation. Current income is higher among graduates from Lumbini Province (NRs 21,427), followed by Province-1 (NRs 20,396). The study revealed that overall, TVET has a positive impact on the society's economy through increased employment opportunities among youths. TVET has been effective in generating employment for many young people, ultimately contributing to elevate the family's economic status, thereby ensuring quality life.
{"title":"Effectiveness of TVET in Nepal","authors":"R. Adhikari, S. Adhikari, Dilli Ram Upreti, Keshav Prasad Adhikari","doi":"10.3126/tvet.v17i1.52413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/tvet.v17i1.52413","url":null,"abstract":"The technical and vocational education and training (TVET) program has been implemented in the country for a long time. Nevertheless, the actual impact it had made on the national economy is unknown. The main objective of this study is to examine the effectiveness of the TVET program in Nepal. The study employed concurrent mixed methods which used both quantitative and qualitative approaches. A retrospective post-then-pre design was used in this study. A total of 21 districts (3 districts from each province) were selected. A survey was conducted with 1,231 Diploma and Pre-Diploma (TSLC) graduates who studied in the institutions either affiliated to or constituent of the Council for Technical Education and Vocational Training (CTEVT). Similarly, 42 key informants’ interviews (2 from each district) were conducted with key stakeholders, such as school principals, instructors, and employers. Overall, out of the total graduates, only 8.8% were working before joining TVET, and the remaining 91% did not work, while the percentage of graduates employed during the time of survey was 58.2%. A remarkable difference in average income was found before and after graduation (NRs 1,815 vs NRs 15,656). The income difference was highest among the people who studied engineering (NRs 16,005) followed by health (NRs 14,908). The income of males was 1.6 times higher than that of females after graduation. Current income is higher among graduates from Lumbini Province (NRs 21,427), followed by Province-1 (NRs 20,396). The study revealed that overall, TVET has a positive impact on the society's economy through increased employment opportunities among youths. TVET has been effective in generating employment for many young people, ultimately contributing to elevate the family's economic status, thereby ensuring quality life.","PeriodicalId":298944,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Technical and Vocational Education and Training","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134056405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-24DOI: 10.3126/tvet.v17i1.52405
P. Paudel, Christiane S. Eberhardt
Apprenticeship training is geared towards meeting the demands of labor market which also ensures self-esteem, employability and vocational career development for the individuals. Against this background, apprenticeship is seen as a successful model for grooming the labor force and reducing youth unemployment. In this paper, we map the current state-of-the-art of apprenticeship in Nepal against the dual system of VET in Germany. The central question in our reflection is how common ownership can be established through responsibility sharing in countries, where other governance principles apply and the governance models also differ from the German model. Hence, in the first step, we focus on the origins of vocational training in both countries. We show that the development of apprenticeship has been driven by social, political and industrial needs, thereby getting deeply rooted in society. We show that despite many challenges, dual training in Germany is an important educational pathway for young people to access the labor market and a backbone of the economy. This is different in Nepal, where despite the governance structures that have been created in the meantime, apprenticeship training is struggling for recognition among the leaders, and actors in the economy. We end up adopting the "six central pillars for successful quality apprenticeships" (i.e. meaningful social dialogue, robust regulatory framework, clear roles and responsibilities, equitable funding, strong labor market and inclusiveness) developed by the ILO (2017). We reflect on them with reference to the Nepali case and in the shadow of the German experiences. In our conclusion, we propose to add "consideration of the country context" as the seventh important pillar for qualitative apprenticeship to ensure sustainable development – free of external funding and support.
{"title":"Approaching Apprenticeship in Nepal: Lessons from Dual-VET of Germany","authors":"P. Paudel, Christiane S. Eberhardt","doi":"10.3126/tvet.v17i1.52405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/tvet.v17i1.52405","url":null,"abstract":"Apprenticeship training is geared towards meeting the demands of labor market which also ensures self-esteem, employability and vocational career development for the individuals. Against this background, apprenticeship is seen as a successful model for grooming the labor force and reducing youth unemployment. In this paper, we map the current state-of-the-art of apprenticeship in Nepal against the dual system of VET in Germany. The central question in our reflection is how common ownership can be established through responsibility sharing in countries, where other governance principles apply and the governance models also differ from the German model. Hence, in the first step, we focus on the origins of vocational training in both countries. We show that the development of apprenticeship has been driven by social, political and industrial needs, thereby getting deeply rooted in society. We show that despite many challenges, dual training in Germany is an important educational pathway for young people to access the labor market and a backbone of the economy. This is different in Nepal, where despite the governance structures that have been created in the meantime, apprenticeship training is struggling for recognition among the leaders, and actors in the economy. We end up adopting the \"six central pillars for successful quality apprenticeships\" (i.e. meaningful social dialogue, robust regulatory framework, clear roles and responsibilities, equitable funding, strong labor market and inclusiveness) developed by the ILO (2017). We reflect on them with reference to the Nepali case and in the shadow of the German experiences. In our conclusion, we propose to add \"consideration of the country context\" as the seventh important pillar for qualitative apprenticeship to ensure sustainable development – free of external funding and support.","PeriodicalId":298944,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Technical and Vocational Education and Training","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126446011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-19DOI: 10.3126/tvet.v1i16.45184
Anil Muni Bajracharya
In Nepal, more than eighty percent learners gain skills through work and experiences. The informal sector is dominant in the nation. If the skills acquired by the work and experiences are accredited through the testing authority, underemployment and underpayment can be addressed and decent employment and gainful income assured. The recognition of the informally learned skill will transform the path for the formal stream. Despite having the benefits of recognition of the prior learning and establishment of testing authority for forty-five years, the number of the informal skills learners appearing for the accreditation is not encouraging. In this context, this paper explains the challenges of the informal skill learners that encounter during the accreditation of their skills through the National Skill Testing Board. I came up with the qualitative research with seven participants, including informal skill learners and testing authority officials. As the informal skill learners explore the lack of information, awareness and orientation of the skill test system, the information provided must be clear, short, user friendly, precise and free from complexity. Similarly, the testing authority and informal skill learners shared that the skill-testing certificates are less valued by the employers during the recruitment.
{"title":"Addressing Informal Skill Learners' Challenges in Skill Test in Nepal","authors":"Anil Muni Bajracharya","doi":"10.3126/tvet.v1i16.45184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/tvet.v1i16.45184","url":null,"abstract":"In Nepal, more than eighty percent learners gain skills through work and experiences. The informal sector is dominant in the nation. If the skills acquired by the work and experiences are accredited through the testing authority, underemployment and underpayment can be addressed and decent employment and gainful income assured. The recognition of the informally learned skill will transform the path for the formal stream. Despite having the benefits of recognition of the prior learning and establishment of testing authority for forty-five years, the number of the informal skills learners appearing for the accreditation is not encouraging. In this context, this paper explains the challenges of the informal skill learners that encounter during the accreditation of their skills through the National Skill Testing Board. I came up with the qualitative research with seven participants, including informal skill learners and testing authority officials. As the informal skill learners explore the lack of information, awareness and orientation of the skill test system, the information provided must be clear, short, user friendly, precise and free from complexity. Similarly, the testing authority and informal skill learners shared that the skill-testing certificates are less valued by the employers during the recruitment.","PeriodicalId":298944,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Technical and Vocational Education and Training","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127343410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-19DOI: 10.3126/tvet.v1i16.45186
B. Lamsal
Instructional leadership is the position in any educational institute that can utilize individual skills and knowledge to ensure the academic performance of students with necessary support for all teachers, students, and school staff. There are various components and dimensions of instructional leadership, such as planning, curriculum design and development, training delivery and professional development, evaluation and monitoring of teachers, and assessment of students. The purpose of the study is to explore the perceptions of school principals about instructional leadership and narrate their experiences. The research adopted a qualitative research method in which principals of renowned schools of Lalitpur district of Nepal were interviewed as the participants. The study shows that principals of high-performing schools possess certain qualities as instructional leaders. Since the study was conducted with limited participants, it can be further taken to larger extent to explore additional details and dimension about instructional leadership.
{"title":"Instructional Leadership Behavior among Principals of Two Schools in Lalitpur, Nepal","authors":"B. Lamsal","doi":"10.3126/tvet.v1i16.45186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/tvet.v1i16.45186","url":null,"abstract":"Instructional leadership is the position in any educational institute that can utilize individual skills and knowledge to ensure the academic performance of students with necessary support for all teachers, students, and school staff. There are various components and dimensions of instructional leadership, such as planning, curriculum design and development, training delivery and professional development, evaluation and monitoring of teachers, and assessment of students. The purpose of the study is to explore the perceptions of school principals about instructional leadership and narrate their experiences. The research adopted a qualitative research method in which principals of renowned schools of Lalitpur district of Nepal were interviewed as the participants. The study shows that principals of high-performing schools possess certain qualities as instructional leaders. Since the study was conducted with limited participants, it can be further taken to larger extent to explore additional details and dimension about instructional leadership.","PeriodicalId":298944,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Technical and Vocational Education and Training","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128175503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-19DOI: 10.3126/tvet.v1i16.45189
R. Adhikari, Bidur Bastola, Unnata Timalsina, Ranju K.C.
Migration has been a main pillar of the nation as well as the household economy of Nepal. However, COVID-19 has caused stigma and discrimination and increased risks of violence, disrupting GBV prevention and response mechanisms. The objectives of the study are to examine the prevalence and determinants of experience of violence due to COVID-19 among returnee migrants of the Far-western province of Nepal. Data for this survey were collected through a cross-sectional research design using quantitative methods in the Far-western province of Nepal. A total of 1182 respondents were surveyed to gather quantitative information. Univariate, Bivariate and multivariate analyses were applied to data. In addition, multivariable analysis was used to identify whether independent variables affected the risk of Gender-Based Violence. An overwhelming majority of returnee migrants were male (94.2%), while about 6 percent were female. One-third of respondents were youth aged below 25 years. Thirty-two percent of them had primary or below education. Eighteen percent of returnee migrants do not have food sufficient for a month in their household. Three in five returnee migrants (60%) reported that they had experienced violence. Multivariate analysis shows that female migrants were more likely to experience violence (aOR=2.1, 95% CI=1.02-4.3) than male migrants. Older age migrants were more likely to experience violence than younger migrants aged below 20. Migrants from poor households were more likely to experience violence (aOR=4.5, 95% CI= 3.1-6.7) than rich households. Physically disabled migrants were 4 times more likely (aOR=4.5, 95% CI= 2.6-7.5) than those who are not disabled. Experience of violence is very high among returnee migrants of Sudurpashchim province of Nepal. Our study found that female migrants, physically disabled migrants, who had elderly in their houses, and migrants from poor households were more likely to experience violence. Therefore, there is a need for a comprehensive awareness program and services that can help to prevent violence among returnee migrants.
{"title":"Experience of Violence due to COVID-19 among Returnee Migrants of Far-Western Province of Nepal","authors":"R. Adhikari, Bidur Bastola, Unnata Timalsina, Ranju K.C.","doi":"10.3126/tvet.v1i16.45189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/tvet.v1i16.45189","url":null,"abstract":"Migration has been a main pillar of the nation as well as the household economy of Nepal. However, COVID-19 has caused stigma and discrimination and increased risks of violence, disrupting GBV prevention and response mechanisms. The objectives of the study are to examine the prevalence and determinants of experience of violence due to COVID-19 among returnee migrants of the Far-western province of Nepal. Data for this survey were collected through a cross-sectional research design using quantitative methods in the Far-western province of Nepal. A total of 1182 respondents were surveyed to gather quantitative information. Univariate, Bivariate and multivariate analyses were applied to data. In addition, multivariable analysis was used to identify whether independent variables affected the risk of Gender-Based Violence. An overwhelming majority of returnee migrants were male (94.2%), while about 6 percent were female. One-third of respondents were youth aged below 25 years. Thirty-two percent of them had primary or below education. Eighteen percent of returnee migrants do not have food sufficient for a month in their household. Three in five returnee migrants (60%) reported that they had experienced violence. Multivariate analysis shows that female migrants were more likely to experience violence (aOR=2.1, 95% CI=1.02-4.3) than male migrants. Older age migrants were more likely to experience violence than younger migrants aged below 20. Migrants from poor households were more likely to experience violence (aOR=4.5, 95% CI= 3.1-6.7) than rich households. Physically disabled migrants were 4 times more likely (aOR=4.5, 95% CI= 2.6-7.5) than those who are not disabled. Experience of violence is very high among returnee migrants of Sudurpashchim province of Nepal. Our study found that female migrants, physically disabled migrants, who had elderly in their houses, and migrants from poor households were more likely to experience violence. Therefore, there is a need for a comprehensive awareness program and services that can help to prevent violence among returnee migrants.","PeriodicalId":298944,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Technical and Vocational Education and Training","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132489922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-19DOI: 10.3126/tvet.v1i16.45190
Rojina Basnet
The COVID-19 pandemic has been causing a severe threat to multiple sectors, including people's psychosocial health. The main objective of this review is to identify the association of COVID-19 pandemic with the psychological health of children, adolescents and young adults. Total 18 primary studies, including most of the studies being cross sectional descriptive studies, were included in the review. The review found that the prevalence of anxiety levels among children ranges from 23.87 % to 38%. Similarly, in adolescents, it ranged from 29.27% to 31% and depression level ranges from 22.28% to 44.5 %. The prevalence of depression in young adults was found to be nearly 82 % while the prevalence of anxiety was found to be nearly 88 %.Most of the studies identified COVID-19 as major factor contributing to anxiety, depression and sleep disorders in children, adolescents and young adults. In the review, almost half of the papers described the factors associated with mental health status due to COVID-19 pandemic. The major factors to increase anxiety and depression were found to be restriction on movement, social distancing, closures of schools, little interaction with peers, educational status, smartphone and internet addiction, frequent watching, listening, or reading news related with COVID-19. Thus, efforts must be initiated to improve services within the country to overcome the increasing mental health problems in these groups. The findings of this review would be relevant for all health professionals, medical persons, and educational institutions to sensitize them about the prevalence of psychological problems among children, adolescents and young adults in terms of overcoming and addressing this pressing issue.
{"title":"COVID-19 and Its Association with Psychological Health of Children, Adolescents and Young Adults","authors":"Rojina Basnet","doi":"10.3126/tvet.v1i16.45190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/tvet.v1i16.45190","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic has been causing a severe threat to multiple sectors, including people's psychosocial health. The main objective of this review is to identify the association of COVID-19 pandemic with the psychological health of children, adolescents and young adults. Total 18 primary studies, including most of the studies being cross sectional descriptive studies, were included in the review. The review found that the prevalence of anxiety levels among children ranges from 23.87 % to 38%. Similarly, in adolescents, it ranged from 29.27% to 31% and depression level ranges from 22.28% to 44.5 %. The prevalence of depression in young adults was found to be nearly 82 % while the prevalence of anxiety was found to be nearly 88 %.Most of the studies identified COVID-19 as major factor contributing to anxiety, depression and sleep disorders in children, adolescents and young adults. In the review, almost half of the papers described the factors associated with mental health status due to COVID-19 pandemic. The major factors to increase anxiety and depression were found to be restriction on movement, social distancing, closures of schools, little interaction with peers, educational status, smartphone and internet addiction, frequent watching, listening, or reading news related with COVID-19. Thus, efforts must be initiated to improve services within the country to overcome the increasing mental health problems in these groups. The findings of this review would be relevant for all health professionals, medical persons, and educational institutions to sensitize them about the prevalence of psychological problems among children, adolescents and young adults in terms of overcoming and addressing this pressing issue.","PeriodicalId":298944,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Technical and Vocational Education and Training","volume":"29 20","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132273451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-19DOI: 10.3126/tvet.v1i16.45191
H. Lamsal, Anil Muni Bajracharya
Skilling people is channeled through formal, informal or non-formal education systems in Nepal. Formal education includes structured curriculum and mode of delivery where knowledge and skills are acquired in a hierarchical layer. Non-formal education includes the skill development activities in a less structured patterns, whereas imparting knowledge and skills from generation to generation falls under the category of informal mode of education. Similarly, skills development in formal system includes four different types of programs in Nepal. These are short-term training program, professional development program, secondary level technical and vocational education program (including diploma level program) and technical higher education program. This paper opens discussion on these programs, uncovers issues and challenges and suggests some measures for the improvement of program design and implementation. While preparing the paper, secondary documents are analyzed. In some cases, author's experiences are also used. This article is expected to contribute knowledge to the skill development efforts in Nepal.
{"title":"Skilling People in Nepal: Reality Vs Dream","authors":"H. Lamsal, Anil Muni Bajracharya","doi":"10.3126/tvet.v1i16.45191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/tvet.v1i16.45191","url":null,"abstract":"Skilling people is channeled through formal, informal or non-formal education systems in Nepal. Formal education includes structured curriculum and mode of delivery where knowledge and skills are acquired in a hierarchical layer. Non-formal education includes the skill development activities in a less structured patterns, whereas imparting knowledge and skills from generation to generation falls under the category of informal mode of education. Similarly, skills development in formal system includes four different types of programs in Nepal. These are short-term training program, professional development program, secondary level technical and vocational education program (including diploma level program) and technical higher education program. This paper opens discussion on these programs, uncovers issues and challenges and suggests some measures for the improvement of program design and implementation. \u0000While preparing the paper, secondary documents are analyzed. In some cases, author's experiences are also used. This article is expected to contribute knowledge to the skill development efforts in Nepal.","PeriodicalId":298944,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Technical and Vocational Education and Training","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125869401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-19DOI: 10.3126/tvet.v1i16.45185
Rakshya Acharya
Occupational shift, people shifting from the traditional sector to the modern economic sector, is a global phenomenon. People in Nepal are also shifting away from agriculture to other economic sector. But in Nepal, the socio cultural dynamics is considered more vital in this shift. This paper analyzes peoples’ perception regarding their experiences of occupational shift from sociocultural perspective. This study adopts a qualitative research design with narrative inquiry approach. For this, the experience of four research participants from Kathmandu valley were purposefully selected. In addition to listening and reflecting to their life stories about engagement to abandon agriculture occupation, their activities, emotions, and lifestyle were also narrated, observed and analyzed. The findings of this research indicate that several socio cultural aspects such as modernization, urbanization, industrialization had greater influence in this process. People in the name of being modern, were gradually shifting from traditional sector (agriculture) to modern economic sectors. The research hence concludes that potentiality of agricultural sector is still high for the country to generate employment and thus it is important to redefine the agricultural policy to attract youth towards it.
{"title":"Occupational Shift in Semi-urban areas of Nepal: A Socio-cultural Dynamics","authors":"Rakshya Acharya","doi":"10.3126/tvet.v1i16.45185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/tvet.v1i16.45185","url":null,"abstract":"Occupational shift, people shifting from the traditional sector to the modern economic sector, is a global phenomenon. People in Nepal are also shifting away from agriculture to other economic sector. But in Nepal, the socio cultural dynamics is considered more vital in this shift. This paper analyzes peoples’ perception regarding their experiences of occupational shift from sociocultural perspective. This study adopts a qualitative research design with narrative inquiry approach. For this, the experience of four research participants from Kathmandu valley were purposefully selected. In addition to listening and reflecting to their life stories about engagement to abandon agriculture occupation, their activities, emotions, and lifestyle were also narrated, observed and analyzed. The findings of this research indicate that several socio cultural aspects such as modernization, urbanization, industrialization had greater influence in this process. People in the name of being modern, were gradually shifting from traditional sector (agriculture) to modern economic sectors. The research hence concludes that potentiality of agricultural sector is still high for the country to generate employment and thus it is important to redefine the agricultural policy to attract youth towards it.","PeriodicalId":298944,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Technical and Vocational Education and Training","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131758665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-19DOI: 10.3126/tvet.v1i16.45181
Binod Badal
No abstract available.
没有摘要。
{"title":"Technical and Vocational Education and Training from the Vantage Point","authors":"Binod Badal","doi":"10.3126/tvet.v1i16.45181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/tvet.v1i16.45181","url":null,"abstract":"No abstract available.","PeriodicalId":298944,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Technical and Vocational Education and Training","volume":"280 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123290992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：