International directives all recommend that using restraints on psychiatric patients should be avoided, yet scientific literature shows that such practices are still largely in use. This article aims to lay out strategies that could be put in place in order to gradually discard the use of restraints, particularly through a "restraint-free" approach, nursing, logistic-environmental pathways, and locally centered health care provision. All such tools have proven valuable for the purpose of safeguarding the health of psychiatric patients. Hence, the failure to put in place such measures may lead to litigation and lawsuits against physicians and particularly health care facilities. Undoubtedly, the ability to effectively implement such methods largely depends on the financial resources available, which in countries such as Italy are poorer than in others. Still, the risk of being sued and held professionally liable may constitute a factor in raising awareness among operators, facilities, and public health care management, leading to the implementation of policy changes aimed at minimizing the use of restraints.
{"title":"Physical Restraint in Psychiatric Care: Soon to Fall Out of Use?","authors":"Gianluca Montanari Vergallo, Matteo Gulino","doi":"10.5152/pcp.2021.21237","DOIUrl":"10.5152/pcp.2021.21237","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>International directives all recommend that using restraints on psychiatric patients should be avoided, yet scientific literature shows that such practices are still largely in use. This article aims to lay out strategies that could be put in place in order to gradually discard the use of restraints, particularly through a \"restraint-free\" approach, nursing, logistic-environmental pathways, and locally centered health care provision. All such tools have proven valuable for the purpose of safeguarding the health of psychiatric patients. Hence, the failure to put in place such measures may lead to litigation and lawsuits against physicians and particularly health care facilities. Undoubtedly, the ability to effectively implement such methods largely depends on the financial resources available, which in countries such as Italy are poorer than in others. Still, the risk of being sued and held professionally liable may constitute a factor in raising awareness among operators, facilities, and public health care management, leading to the implementation of policy changes aimed at minimizing the use of restraints.</p>","PeriodicalId":29969,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Experimental Social Psychology","volume":"56 1","pages":"468-473"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11079647/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75838165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-09DOI: 10.1016/bs.aesp.2021.04.001
M. Crockett, J. Everett, Maureen Gill, Jenifer Z. Siegel
{"title":"The relational logic of moral inference","authors":"M. Crockett, J. Everett, Maureen Gill, Jenifer Z. Siegel","doi":"10.1016/bs.aesp.2021.04.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.aesp.2021.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29969,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Experimental Social Psychology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48414523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2601(21)00006-x
{"title":"Copyright","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/s0065-2601(21)00006-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0065-2601(21)00006-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29969,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Experimental Social Psychology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/s0065-2601(21)00006-x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"55869329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2601(21)00023-x
{"title":"Contributors","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/s0065-2601(21)00023-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0065-2601(21)00023-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29969,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Experimental Social Psychology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"55869347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2601(21)00019-8
{"title":"Series Page","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/s0065-2601(21)00019-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0065-2601(21)00019-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29969,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Experimental Social Psychology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"55869340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2601(21)00004-6
{"title":"Series Page","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/s0065-2601(21)00004-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0065-2601(21)00004-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29969,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Experimental Social Psychology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/s0065-2601(21)00004-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"55869320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
What is a group? How do we know to which groups we belong? How do we assign others to groups? A great deal of theorizing across the social sciences has conceptualized ‘groups’ as synonymous with ‘categories,’ however there are a number of limitations to this approach: particularly for making predictions about novel intergroup contexts or about how intergroup dynamics will change over time. Here I join a growing chorus of researchers striving to systematize the conditions under which a generalized coalitional psychology gets activated—the recognition of another’s capacity for and likelihood of coordination not only with oneself but with others. First I review some recent developments in the cognitive processes that give rise to the inference of coalitions and group-biased preferences (even in the absence of category labels). Then I review downstream consequences of inferences about capacity and likelihood of coordination for valuation, emotions, attribution, and inter-coalitional harm. Finally I review examples of how we can use these psychological levers to attenuate intergroup hostility.
{"title":"Causes and consequences of coalitional cognition","authors":"M. Cikara","doi":"10.31219/osf.io/ktpf7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/ktpf7","url":null,"abstract":"What is a group? How do we know to which groups we belong? How do we assign others to groups? A great deal of theorizing across the social sciences has conceptualized ‘groups’ as synonymous with ‘categories,’ however there are a number of limitations to this approach: particularly for making predictions about novel intergroup contexts or about how intergroup dynamics will change over time. Here I join a growing chorus of researchers striving to systematize the conditions under which a generalized coalitional psychology gets activated—the recognition of another’s capacity for and likelihood of coordination not only with oneself but with others. First I review some recent developments in the cognitive processes that give rise to the inference of coalitions and group-biased preferences (even in the absence of category labels). Then I review downstream consequences of inferences about capacity and likelihood of coordination for valuation, emotions, attribution, and inter-coalitional harm. Finally I review examples of how we can use these psychological levers to attenuate intergroup hostility.","PeriodicalId":29969,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Experimental Social Psychology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45961558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2601(20)30019-8
{"title":"Series Page","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/s0065-2601(20)30019-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0065-2601(20)30019-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29969,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Experimental Social Psychology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/s0065-2601(20)30019-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"55869292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2601(20)30021-6
{"title":"Copyright","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/s0065-2601(20)30021-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0065-2601(20)30021-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29969,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Experimental Social Psychology","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/s0065-2601(20)30021-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"55869305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2601(20)30006-x
{"title":"Copyright","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/s0065-2601(20)30006-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0065-2601(20)30006-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29969,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Experimental Social Psychology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/s0065-2601(20)30006-x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"55869282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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