Pub Date : 2010-01-01DOI: 10.1016/S0065-2601(10)43005-1
Christopher R Jones, Michael A Olson, Russell H Fazio
Evaluative conditioning (EC) refers to attitude formation or change toward an object due to that object's mere co-occurrence with another valenced object or objects. This chapter focuses on the "how" question, that is, the question of what cognitive processes intervene between mere co-occurrence and attitude formation or change. Though EC has typically been thought of as occurring through a single, albeit contentious, mechanism, we begin by pointing out that both the heterogeneity of EC methodologies and the abundance of inconsistent results suggest that multiple processes with different characteristics can produce EC. We describe how the earliest posited process of EC, Pavlovian conditioning or signal learning, is a valid mechanism of EC that appears to have operated in some experiments but is unlikely to have operated in others and also cannot account for various EC findings. We describe other mechanisms of EC, when they can be expected to occur, and what characteristics they have. We particularly focus our attention on a process model of EC we have recently introduced, the implicit misattribution model. Finally, we describe the implications of a multi-process view of EC, which we argue can help resolve theoretical controversies and further the application of EC as a practical intervention for influencing attitudes in various domains.
{"title":"Evaluative Conditioning: The \"How\" Question.","authors":"Christopher R Jones, Michael A Olson, Russell H Fazio","doi":"10.1016/S0065-2601(10)43005-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(10)43005-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Evaluative conditioning (EC) refers to attitude formation or change toward an object due to that object's mere co-occurrence with another valenced object or objects. This chapter focuses on the \"how\" question, that is, the question of what cognitive processes intervene between mere co-occurrence and attitude formation or change. Though EC has typically been thought of as occurring through a single, albeit contentious, mechanism, we begin by pointing out that both the heterogeneity of EC methodologies and the abundance of inconsistent results suggest that multiple processes with different characteristics can produce EC. We describe how the earliest posited process of EC, Pavlovian conditioning or signal learning, is a valid mechanism of EC that appears to have operated in some experiments but is unlikely to have operated in others and also cannot account for various EC findings. We describe other mechanisms of EC, when they can be expected to occur, and what characteristics they have. We particularly focus our attention on a process model of EC we have recently introduced, the implicit misattribution model. Finally, we describe the implications of a multi-process view of EC, which we argue can help resolve theoretical controversies and further the application of EC as a practical intervention for influencing attitudes in various domains.</p>","PeriodicalId":29969,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Experimental Social Psychology","volume":"43 ","pages":"205-255"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0065-2601(10)43005-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30384613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-01-01DOI: 10.1016/S0065-2601(10)43003-8
Dale T. Miller, Daniel A. Effron
{"title":"Psychological license: When it is needed and how it functions.","authors":"Dale T. Miller, Daniel A. Effron","doi":"10.1016/S0065-2601(10)43003-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(10)43003-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29969,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Experimental Social Psychology","volume":"43 1","pages":"115-155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0065-2601(10)43003-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"55869180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-01-01DOI: 10.1016/S0065-2601(10)42002-X
G. A. Kleef, C. Dreu, A. S. R. Manstead
{"title":"An interpersonal approach to emotion in social decision making: the emotions as social information model","authors":"G. A. Kleef, C. Dreu, A. S. R. Manstead","doi":"10.1016/S0065-2601(10)42002-X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(10)42002-X","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29969,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Experimental Social Psychology","volume":"46 1","pages":"45-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85686706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-01-01DOI: 10.1016/S0065-2601(10)43006-3
A. Ledgerwood, Y. Trope, N. Liberman
{"title":"Flexibility and Consistency in Evaluative Responding: The Function of Construal Level","authors":"A. Ledgerwood, Y. Trope, N. Liberman","doi":"10.1016/S0065-2601(10)43006-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(10)43006-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29969,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Experimental Social Psychology","volume":"43 1","pages":"257-295"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0065-2601(10)43006-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"55869211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-01-01DOI: 10.1016/S0065-2601(10)43004-X
W. Stroebe, B. Nijstad, E. Rietzschel
{"title":"Beyond productivity loss in brainstorming groups: The evolution of a question","authors":"W. Stroebe, B. Nijstad, E. Rietzschel","doi":"10.1016/S0065-2601(10)43004-X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(10)43004-X","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29969,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Experimental Social Psychology","volume":"43 1","pages":"157-203"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0065-2601(10)43004-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"55869201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-01-01DOI: 10.1016/S0065-2601(10)42001-8
G. Maio
{"title":"Mental representations of social values","authors":"G. Maio","doi":"10.1016/S0065-2601(10)42001-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(10)42001-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29969,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Experimental Social Psychology","volume":"42 1","pages":"1-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0065-2601(10)42001-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"55869011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-01-01DOI: 10.1016/S0065-2601(10)42004-3
Shelly L. Gable, H. Reis
{"title":"Good News! Capitalizing on Positive Events in an Interpersonal Context","authors":"Shelly L. Gable, H. Reis","doi":"10.1016/S0065-2601(10)42004-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(10)42004-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29969,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Experimental Social Psychology","volume":"42 1","pages":"195-257"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0065-2601(10)42004-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"55869055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-01-01DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2601(10)43002-6
Geoffrey J Leonardelli, C. Pickett, M. Brewer
{"title":"Optimal Distinctiveness Theory","authors":"Geoffrey J Leonardelli, C. Pickett, M. Brewer","doi":"10.1016/s0065-2601(10)43002-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0065-2601(10)43002-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29969,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Experimental Social Psychology","volume":"1 1","pages":"63-113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/s0065-2601(10)43002-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"55869136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-01-01DOI: 10.1016/S0065-2601(10)42005-5
D. Smeesters, S. Wheeler, Aaron C. Kay
{"title":"Indirect Prime-to-Behavior Effects: The Role of Perceptions of the Self, Others, and Situations in Connecting Primed Constructs to Social Behavior","authors":"D. Smeesters, S. Wheeler, Aaron C. Kay","doi":"10.1016/S0065-2601(10)42005-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(10)42005-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29969,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Experimental Social Psychology","volume":"42 1","pages":"259-317"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0065-2601(10)42005-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"55869100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-01-01DOI: 10.1016/S0065-2601(08)00403-6
E. Harmon-Jones, D. Amodio, Cindy Harmon-Jones
{"title":"Chapter 3 Action‐Based Model of Dissonance: A Review, Integration, and Expansion of Conceptions of Cognitive Conflict","authors":"E. Harmon-Jones, D. Amodio, Cindy Harmon-Jones","doi":"10.1016/S0065-2601(08)00403-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(08)00403-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29969,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Experimental Social Psychology","volume":"41 1","pages":"119-166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0065-2601(08)00403-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"55866022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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