Due to recent labor reforms and the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) negotiation, Mexico ratified freedom of association and collective bargaining rights. This new labor model promises the end of employer protection unions that thwart labor organizing and drive down wages. Through an ethnographic case study of farm labor organizing in the agro-export industry in San Quintín, Baja California, Mexico, this article argues that recent labor reforms are not sufficient to democratize labor relations in rural industries as they fail to overcome regional and transnational power structures. Although limited to one case, this article fills a gap in the literature on the impact of recent labor reforms on farmworkers. Mexico’s salaried agricultural workers offer critical insights into the promises and failures of current efforts to reform labor laws and remediate the adverse effects of economic integration.
{"title":"Rigged Elections: The Failure of Mexico’s New Labor Model to Protect Farmworker Rights","authors":"James Daria","doi":"10.33679/rfn.v1i1.2332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33679/rfn.v1i1.2332","url":null,"abstract":"Due to recent labor reforms and the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) negotiation, Mexico ratified freedom of association and collective bargaining rights. This new labor model promises the end of employer protection unions that thwart labor organizing and drive down wages. Through an ethnographic case study of farm labor organizing in the agro-export industry in San Quintín, Baja California, Mexico, this article argues that recent labor reforms are not sufficient to democratize labor relations in rural industries as they fail to overcome regional and transnational power structures. Although limited to one case, this article fills a gap in the literature on the impact of recent labor reforms on farmworkers. Mexico’s salaried agricultural workers offer critical insights into the promises and failures of current efforts to reform labor laws and remediate the adverse effects of economic integration.","PeriodicalId":29996,"journal":{"name":"Frontera Norte","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135152833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andry Yanarel Nucamendi Méndez, Nora L Bringas-Rábago, Basilio Verduzco Chávez
This article analyzes, from a relational perspective, interactions between participants of various trust networks and explains their role in preserving the agricultural and rural profile of Valle de Guadalupe, Baja California and its consolidation as the most important wine region in Mexico. Semi-structured interviews and newspaper content analysis were used to study various land use conflicts recorded between 2000 and 2020. Contention scenarios, action repertoires, and outcomes of previous experiences were identified. The results show a diversity of trust networks using a diverse set of mechanisms ranging from participatory innovation to patronage and discretionary appropriation. As the valley has become the country's leading wine tourism destination, these networks have made progress in conflict resolution and land protection, but still face emerging tensions due to tourism and real estate development.
{"title":"Conflictos socioterritoriales en el Valle de Guadalupe, Baja California, México: un acercamiento desde las redes de confianza","authors":"Andry Yanarel Nucamendi Méndez, Nora L Bringas-Rábago, Basilio Verduzco Chávez","doi":"10.33679/rfn.v1i1.2347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33679/rfn.v1i1.2347","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyzes, from a relational perspective, interactions between participants of various trust networks and explains their role in preserving the agricultural and rural profile of Valle de Guadalupe, Baja California and its consolidation as the most important wine region in Mexico. Semi-structured interviews and newspaper content analysis were used to study various land use conflicts recorded between 2000 and 2020. Contention scenarios, action repertoires, and outcomes of previous experiences were identified. The results show a diversity of trust networks using a diverse set of mechanisms ranging from participatory innovation to patronage and discretionary appropriation. As the valley has become the country's leading wine tourism destination, these networks have made progress in conflict resolution and land protection, but still face emerging tensions due to tourism and real estate development.","PeriodicalId":29996,"journal":{"name":"Frontera Norte","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135709356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objective of this article is to analyze violence against women on the border between Brazil (state of Mato Grosso do Sul) and Paraguay (Department of Amambay) through online journalistic reports and the legislation of both countries. From readings of decolonial feminism, it was possible to identify and describe how these information channels give visibility to gender violence on that border. Qualitative research of documentary analysis was carried out with the use of the descriptors women and violence. Femicide is the most recurrent crime in the twin cities; its modus operandi sometimes has characteristics equivalent to execution-type crimes and is usually perpetrated by people close to the victim. It is hoped that this study will contribute to the awareness and visibility of violence against women in this border region.
{"title":"Violencia contra las mujeres en la frontera entre Brasil y Paraguay: legislación y feminismo decolonial","authors":"Pamela Staliano, Marcos Mondardo, Adriana Yuri Kaneko","doi":"10.33679/rfn.v1i1.2290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33679/rfn.v1i1.2290","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this article is to analyze violence against women on the border between Brazil (state of Mato Grosso do Sul) and Paraguay (Department of Amambay) through online journalistic reports and the legislation of both countries. From readings of decolonial feminism, it was possible to identify and describe how these information channels give visibility to gender violence on that border. Qualitative research of documentary analysis was carried out with the use of the descriptors women and violence. Femicide is the most recurrent crime in the twin cities; its modus operandi sometimes has characteristics equivalent to execution-type crimes and is usually perpetrated by people close to the victim. It is hoped that this study will contribute to the awareness and visibility of violence against women in this border region.\u0000","PeriodicalId":29996,"journal":{"name":"Frontera Norte","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42636207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article addresses Central American climate migration from a human, gender, and environmental (HUGE security) approach. It examines documents, government reports, press publications, international and national statistical data, and interviews to establish complex interrelationships between migration, disasters, poverty, pandemic, and survival dilemma. Militarized borders, pressure from the U.S. government, and transnational organized crime have increased the dangers and costs of undocumented migration. Could a U.S. immigration reform overcome this maelstrom of illegal migration and generate development in Northern Central America by sending remittances to their families? The article explores multiculturalism, ecosystem restoration, climate change adaptation, gender recognition, and a culture of care that would offer vulnerable people in Central America an alternative livelihood agenda in their country of origin.
{"title":"Migración climática y fronteras militarizadas: seguridad humana, de género y ambiental","authors":"Úrsula Oswald","doi":"10.33679/rfn.v1i1.2292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33679/rfn.v1i1.2292","url":null,"abstract":"This article addresses Central American climate migration from a human, gender, and environmental (HUGE security) approach. It examines documents, government reports, press publications, international and national statistical data, and interviews to establish complex interrelationships between migration, disasters, poverty, pandemic, and survival dilemma. Militarized borders, pressure from the U.S. government, and transnational organized crime have increased the dangers and costs of undocumented migration. Could a U.S. immigration reform overcome this maelstrom of illegal migration and generate development in Northern Central America by sending remittances to their families? The article explores multiculturalism, ecosystem restoration, climate change adaptation, gender recognition, and a culture of care that would offer vulnerable people in Central America an alternative livelihood agenda in their country of origin.\u0000","PeriodicalId":29996,"journal":{"name":"Frontera Norte","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41938749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article’s objective is to understand the youth experiences, assessment, and meaning construction of drug trafficking. The fieldwork was carried out in 2018 and 2019 in Culiacán, Sinaloa. A qualitative approach was made to the sociocultural understanding of drug trafficking. We interviewed 16 young persons between the ages of 18 to 29 who collaborated or were involved with drug trafficking. The results highlight drug trafficking entrance motivation and experience; permanence, risk assessment, and consequences of the activities carried out; making plans within and outside drug trafficking. It is concluded that young people join and remain in drug trafficking due to the idealization of a successful life, economic retribution, acceptance, legitimacy, and recognition of drug trafficking in the context. For young people, drug trafficking is constituted as a space for work, projection, and building a future.
{"title":"Narrativas juveniles sobre el narcotráfico en Sinaloa: ingreso, riesgos y planes a futuro","authors":"Jairo Elí Valdez Bátiz, Víctor Horacio Esparza Bernal, César Jesús Burgos Dávila","doi":"10.33679/rfn.v1i1.2306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33679/rfn.v1i1.2306","url":null,"abstract":"The article’s objective is to understand the youth experiences, assessment, and meaning construction of drug trafficking. The fieldwork was carried out in 2018 and 2019 in Culiacán, Sinaloa. A qualitative approach was made to the sociocultural understanding of drug trafficking. We interviewed 16 young persons between the ages of 18 to 29 who collaborated or were involved with drug trafficking. The results highlight drug trafficking entrance motivation and experience; permanence, risk assessment, and consequences of the activities carried out; making plans within and outside drug trafficking. It is concluded that young people join and remain in drug trafficking due to the idealization of a successful life, economic retribution, acceptance, legitimacy, and recognition of drug trafficking in the context. For young people, drug trafficking is constituted as a space for work, projection, and building a future.\u0000","PeriodicalId":29996,"journal":{"name":"Frontera Norte","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46591841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article addresses the current theoretical elaborations put forth by prominent figures of the new right in Latin America and their strategic diffusion in Baja California. The conducted ethnography has provided insights into the mechanisms employed to redefine and reinforce a right-wing perspective that perceives itself as renewed. Among the findings, it was discovered that despite political and religious discrepancies within the so-called new right-wing groups, they coincide in the reworking of a theoretical corpus that addresses gender ideology, which stems from cultural studies, highlighting the relationship between culture and power. It is noted that there is an updated production of the discourse of the new right that seeks to maintain a worldview contrary to that expressed by feminisms, achieved through the co-optation and manipulation of progressive theorizations to engage audiences and expand their political ranks.
{"title":"La cultura para la nueva derecha en América Latina y su accionar en Baja California","authors":"Areli Veloz Contreras","doi":"10.33679/rfn.v1i1.2333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33679/rfn.v1i1.2333","url":null,"abstract":"The article addresses the current theoretical elaborations put forth by prominent figures of the new right in Latin America and their strategic diffusion in Baja California. The conducted ethnography has provided insights into the mechanisms employed to redefine and reinforce a right-wing perspective that perceives itself as renewed. Among the findings, it was discovered that despite political and religious discrepancies within the so-called new right-wing groups, they coincide in the reworking of a theoretical corpus that addresses gender ideology, which stems from cultural studies, highlighting the relationship between culture and power. It is noted that there is an updated production of the discourse of the new right that seeks to maintain a worldview contrary to that expressed by feminisms, achieved through the co-optation and manipulation of progressive theorizations to engage audiences and expand their political ranks.","PeriodicalId":29996,"journal":{"name":"Frontera Norte","volume":"2013 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135501996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Public issues regarding water are defined based on aspects of ownership and institutional responsibility, which has repercussions on their ability to implement effective actions for water resource management. The objective of this paper is to analyze government actions regarding urban water management and explain how they influence its institutional capacity. The methodology employed involved the use of institutional ethnography, which revealed the interactions between water resource management agencies and the priority action plans of governments. The findings recognize that the lack of institutional capacity is influenced by the particular interests of decision-makers who limit the political continuity of previous administrations. It is concluded that each administration addresses public issues according to their own interests, which may not always align with the needs and priorities of society.
{"title":"Problemas públicos y capacidad institucional de la gestión del agua urbana en Baja California","authors":"Omar Miranda-Gómez, Patricia Rivera-Castañeda","doi":"10.33679/rfn.v1i1.2328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33679/rfn.v1i1.2328","url":null,"abstract":"Public issues regarding water are defined based on aspects of ownership and institutional responsibility, which has repercussions on their ability to implement effective actions for water resource management. The objective of this paper is to analyze government actions regarding urban water management and explain how they influence its institutional capacity. The methodology employed involved the use of institutional ethnography, which revealed the interactions between water resource management agencies and the priority action plans of governments. The findings recognize that the lack of institutional capacity is influenced by the particular interests of decision-makers who limit the political continuity of previous administrations. It is concluded that each administration addresses public issues according to their own interests, which may not always align with the needs and priorities of society.","PeriodicalId":29996,"journal":{"name":"Frontera Norte","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135501999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper identifies the Trump administration’s violent practices toward Central American and Mexican asylum-seeking families as a defensive response to the legal framework that grants them this protection tool in their relationship with the State. Through in-depth interviews and participant observation with migrant families in Tijuana during 2017-2020, it is concluded that the various measures implemented sought to limit asylum as a right and to configure an illegal subject based on suspicion, criminalization, and trauma. In this way, it was sought to reverse the character of legality that protects asylum seekers and rebuild a dominant vertical relationship of racialized subjection. The analysis seeks to contribute to migration studies by understanding the tension between the legality of asylum and the Trump administration’s actions to disrupt this framework.
{"title":"El asilo en disputa: estrategias violentas de sujeción durante el gobierno de Donald Trump","authors":"Nohora Constanza Niño Vega","doi":"10.33679/rfn.v1i1.2277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33679/rfn.v1i1.2277","url":null,"abstract":"This paper identifies the Trump administration’s violent practices toward Central American and Mexican asylum-seeking families as a defensive response to the legal framework that grants them this protection tool in their relationship with the State. Through in-depth interviews and participant observation with migrant families in Tijuana during 2017-2020, it is concluded that the various measures implemented sought to limit asylum as a right and to configure an illegal subject based on suspicion, criminalization, and trauma. In this way, it was sought to reverse the character of legality that protects asylum seekers and rebuild a dominant vertical relationship of racialized subjection. The analysis seeks to contribute to migration studies by understanding the tension between the legality of asylum and the Trump administration’s actions to disrupt this framework.\u0000","PeriodicalId":29996,"journal":{"name":"Frontera Norte","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44463843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objective of this article is to analyze the narratives of four young people from border cities who were deprived of their liberty for having proven their participation in a crime. The narratives are approached from a qualitative perspective to delve into the meanings involved in building identities in a border context. The field work was developed during 2018 and 2019 in the treatment centers for adolescents in San Luis Río Colorado and Nogales, Sonora, as well as in Güémez, Tamaulipas, Mexico. One of the substantive findings was to identify the process of internalization and normalization of a state of permanent precariousness in the actors in the absence of structural strategies that homogenize the youth. The analysis from these dimensions provides empirical elements in the discussion about heterogeneities in youth identities; elements for an epistemological, holistic and situational discussion on the accumulation of situations of vulnerability that certain actors experience in a given geographic space.
{"title":"Ser joven privado de la libertad en ciudades del norte de México","authors":"Óscar Bernardo Rivera García","doi":"10.33679/rfn.v1i1.2193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33679/rfn.v1i1.2193","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this article is to analyze the narratives of four young people from border cities who were deprived of their liberty for having proven their participation in a crime. The narratives are approached from a qualitative perspective to delve into the meanings involved in building identities in a border context. The field work was developed during 2018 and 2019 in the treatment centers for adolescents in San Luis Río Colorado and Nogales, Sonora, as well as in Güémez, Tamaulipas, Mexico. One of the substantive findings was to identify the process of internalization and normalization of a state of permanent precariousness in the actors in the absence of structural strategies that homogenize the youth. The analysis from these dimensions provides empirical elements in the discussion about heterogeneities in youth identities; elements for an epistemological, holistic and situational discussion on the accumulation of situations of vulnerability that certain actors experience in a given geographic space.\u0000","PeriodicalId":29996,"journal":{"name":"Frontera Norte","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42788580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We address the trends in the incorporation of the Guatemalan workforce in the Mexico-Guatemala Crossborder Region (MGCR). Through quantitative methodology, 22 Mexican border municipalities are studied, and the microdata of the 2010 Population Census and the 2015 Intercensal Survey of INEGI are processed. It is observed that people of Guatemalan origin are initially engaged in agricultural activities, although due to the precarity in the Mexican countryside in the last decade, they have been linked mainly to informal activities and jobs in the service sector. The article provides empirical data to understand the phenomenon analyzed in the border municipalities as a whole. Even with the limitations of census sources, the study shows the relationship between job insecurity and the non-formal productive structures that prevail, as well as the economic and political-administrative asymmetries between the states in question.
{"title":"Expresiones de la incorporación de personas guatemaltecas a la estructura productiva no formal de los municipios mexicanos transfronterizos con Guatemala","authors":"Jorge Enrique Horbath, María Amalia Gracia","doi":"10.33679/rfn.v1i1.2265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33679/rfn.v1i1.2265","url":null,"abstract":"We address the trends in the incorporation of the Guatemalan workforce in the Mexico-Guatemala Crossborder Region (MGCR). Through quantitative methodology, 22 Mexican border municipalities are studied, and the microdata of the 2010 Population Census and the 2015 Intercensal Survey of INEGI are processed. It is observed that people of Guatemalan origin are initially engaged in agricultural activities, although due to the precarity in the Mexican countryside in the last decade, they have been linked mainly to informal activities and jobs in the service sector. The article provides empirical data to understand the phenomenon analyzed in the border municipalities as a whole. Even with the limitations of census sources, the study shows the relationship between job insecurity and the non-formal productive structures that prevail, as well as the economic and political-administrative asymmetries between the states in question.\u0000","PeriodicalId":29996,"journal":{"name":"Frontera Norte","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44676242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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