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Vocational and Technical Education: A Functional Education for Sustainable Development in a Global Turbulent Era 职业技术教育:全球动荡时代的可持续发展功能教育
Pub Date : 2024-01-15 DOI: 10.37745/ijvter.15/vol10n1111
Modupe Oluwatoyin Olowe
Vocational and technical education is a programme that prepares occupational fields for effective participation in the world of work for promoting environmentally sound, sustainable development and for alleviating poverty. This study examines the concept of vocational and technical education (VTE), the principles of functional education, and areas/branches of VTE. The study also look into various ways in which vocational and technical education is a functional education which will be a way out at this turbulent period. Recommendations are given that there must be a continuous review of the curricula and high caliber teachers and qualified lecturers must be employed, the educators should be encouraged and allowed to go for in-service training and upgrading themselves academically and be acquainted with the latest technology development. Non-governmental organizations, and local communities should be called upon to support the government and school authority in funding the programme.
职业技术教育是一项培养职业领域人员有效参与工作世界的计划,旨在促进无害环境的可持续发展和减轻贫困。本研究探讨了职业技术教育(VTE)的概念、功能教育的原则以及职业技术教育的领域/分支。本研究还探讨了职业技术教育作为功能教育的各种方式,这将是这一动荡时期的一条出路。建议必须不断审查课程,必须聘用高素质的教师和合格的讲师,应鼓励和允许教育工作者参加在职培训,提高他们的学术水平,并熟悉最新的技术发展。应呼吁非政府组织和当地社区支持政府和学校当局为该计划提供资金。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of Guided Discovery Method On Students’ Attitude to and Achievement in Social Studies in Nigerian Schools 引导发现法对尼日利亚学校学生社会学学习态度和成绩的影响
Pub Date : 2024-01-15 DOI: 10.37745/ijvter.15/vol10n11223
U. E. Ekiugbo
This study was carried out on the effects of guided discovery method on student’s attitude to and achievement in social studies in College of Education (Pre-service) students in Nigeria. Three research questions were raised and three null hypotheses were formulated. The research design was quasi-experimental non-equivalent control group. The study was carried out in four randomly selected Colleges of Education in Ekiti, Edo, Ondo and Ogun State in Nigeria. The sample size was 240 students from four randomly selected intact classes in the sampled school were used. The instruments for data collection were Social studies Achievement Test (SSAT) and Social studies Attitude Questionnaire SSAQ. Descriptive statistics were used to answer the research questions while T-test was used to test the null hypotheses. The results of the analysis showed that these was significant difference between the mean achievement scores of experimental group and control group. The study also revealed that there was no significant difference between the mean achievement scores of males and females’ students in the experimental group. There was a significant difference between the mean attitude scores of males and females students in the experimental group. Based on this study it was concluded that guided discovery method has positive effects on student’s achievement as well as improving their attitude towards Social studies and it is gender friendly. Based on the findings, it was recommended that among others seminars, workshops and conferences should be held for Social studies teachers to acquaint them with the knowledge of
本研究就引导发现法对尼日利亚教育学院(职前)学生社会学学习态度和成绩的影响展开。提出了三个研究问题和三个零假设。研究设计为准实验性非等效对照组。研究在尼日利亚埃基蒂州、埃多州、翁多州和奥贡州随机抽取的四所教育学院进行。抽样规模为 240 名学生,分别来自被抽样学校随机选取的四个完整班级。数据收集工具为社会研究成就测验(SSAT)和社会研究态度问卷 SSAQ。描述性统计用于回答研究问题,T 检验用于检验零假设。分析结果表明,实验组和对照组的平均成绩有显著差异。研究还显示,实验组男女学生的平均成绩没有显著差异。实验组男女学生的平均态度得分有明显差异。根据这项研究得出的结论是,引导式发现法对学生的成绩有积极影响,也能改善他们对社会学的态度,而且对性别友好。根据研究结果,建议为社会学教师举办研讨会、讲习班和会议等,让他们了解引导式发现法的知识。
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引用次数: 0
Producing an Instructional Video for Apprenticeship Training in Basket Weaving in Isale Oyo, Nigeria 为尼日利亚伊萨莱奥约的编筐学徒培训制作教学视频
Pub Date : 2024-01-15 DOI: 10.37745/ijvter.15/vol10n15175
Louis Emmanuel Etsename, Tomiwa Joseph Odeyemi
Basketry, is making interlaced items, typically containers, out of flexible vegetal fibres like twigs, grasses, osiers, bamboo, and rushes or synthetic or plastic materials. The containers created using this technique are known as baskets. Traditional craft methods for producing artefacts are slowly dying and giving way to modern day technology. In the bid to preserve some of such craft skills and impact same on others, the study embarked on the production of an instructional learning resource for weaving traditional baskets in Isale Oyo, Nigeria. The main thrust of this study was to develop an instructional learning resource (video) that would preserve the traditional craft of weaving cane baskets and also train young people. The ADDIE Model of Instruction Systems Design was implemented for the development of the instructional learning material. This involved a preconceived and self-reflexive practical component. The study revealed the stages involved in the production of instructional videos which are the pre-production, production, and post-production stages respectively. Results of the study reaffirms certain findings in some earlier researches associated with instructional materials production. It also strengthened the potential and relevance of instructional videos in documenting and preserving traditional arts and crafts. Consequently, results from the evaluation carried out, suggest that instructional videos can stand in place of a trainer in an apprenticeship training programme.
编筐,是用树枝、草、茭白、竹子和芦苇等柔韧的植物纤维或合成材料或塑料材料制作交错的物品,通常是容器。用这种技术制作的容器被称为篮子。传统的工艺品制作方法正在慢慢消亡,让位于现代技术。为了保存这些工艺技能并对其他工艺技能产生影响,本研究着手制作尼日利亚 Isale Oyo 地区编织传统篮子的教学学习资源。这项研究的主旨是开发一种教学学习资源(视频),以保护编织藤篮的传统工艺,并培训年轻人。教学系统设计 ADDIE 模型被用于教学材料的开发。其中包括预先设想和自我反思的实践部分。研究揭示了制作教学视频所涉及的各个阶段,分别是前期制作、制作和后期制作阶段。研究结果再次证实了之前一些与教学材料制作相关的研究结果。它还加强了教学视频在记录和保护传统艺术和手工艺方面的潜力和相关性。因此,评估结果表明,在学徒培训计划中,教学视频可以替代培训师。
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引用次数: 0
Impact of Brand Identity and Brand Image On Fashion Entrepreneurs: A Case Study of Greater Accra Metropolis 品牌认同与品牌形象对时尚企业家的影响:以大阿克拉都市为例
Pub Date : 2023-02-15 DOI: 10.37745/ijvter.15/vol9n25077
Sheila Naa Tetteorkor Clottey, Sylvia Asheley Gyampoh, Mavis Abaane Anaba, Roseline Adeniji
Over the years branding has been the concern of many businesses across the globe, however the fashion world has not been exempted, many studies has also been carried out to investigate relationship that exist between fashion and branding. Brand images and identity has been the major point for competition among fashion customers, clients, investors and brand owners. This call for this research to find out impact of brand image and brand identity has on fashion entrepreneurs. The population was drawn from Accra metropolis covering areas such as McCarthy hill, and North-Kaneshie, Accra. Purposive sampling was used to select 50 respondents made up of fashion entrepreneurs (14), fashion students (18) and consumers (18). The questionnaire was the main tool used for this study. Four research questions were tested in this study using simple percentage, piecharts and frequencies respectively. The results show that the essence of branding on fashion entrepreneurs is inseparable. Logo, symbol/ colors of a fashion enterprise contribute to the progress of fashion entrepreneurs. It was also discovered that brand name has an influence on purchase decision of their clients and that brand identity increases investors and customer awareness and customer loyalty. It was concluded that the impact of brand image and identity such as logo, symbols, colors among others, contribute significantly to customers and loyalty. This study recommends that fashion entrepreneurs should give adequate time to come up with brands that speak for them anytime and anywhere, fashion entrepreneurs should cultivate the habit of setting fund aside for their business needs, as funds will be required to enhance their businesses, relying on government, non-governmental organization or others for loans may not always be available, creativity should be the focus of fashion entrepreneurs, because we live in a world where change is constant.
多年来,品牌一直是全球许多企业关注的问题,然而时尚界也没有豁免,许多研究也进行了调查时尚和品牌之间存在的关系。品牌形象和身份一直是时尚消费者、客户、投资者和品牌所有者之间竞争的主要点。这就要求本研究找出品牌形象和品牌认同对时尚企业家的影响。人口来自阿克拉大都市,包括麦卡锡山和阿克拉的北坎内什等地区。采用有目的抽样的方法,选取了由时尚企业家(14人)、时尚专业学生(18人)和消费者(18人)组成的50名受访者。问卷调查是本研究的主要工具。在本研究中,四个研究问题分别使用简单百分比、皮查图和频率进行测试。研究结果表明,品牌化的本质与时尚企业家密不可分。时尚企业的标志、符号/色彩,为时尚企业家的进步做出贡献。研究还发现,品牌名称对客户的购买决策有影响,品牌认同增加了投资者和客户的认知度和客户忠诚度。结论是,品牌形象和身份的影响,如标志、符号、颜色等,对顾客和忠诚度有显著贡献。本研究建议,时尚企业家应该给予足够的时间,随时随地拿出能为自己代言的品牌,时尚企业家应该培养为自己的商业需求预留资金的习惯,因为资金将需要提升自己的业务,依靠政府、非政府组织或其他人的贷款可能并不总是可用的,创意应该是时尚企业家的重点。因为我们生活在一个不断变化的世界。
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引用次数: 0
Interpersonal Relationship Experiences of Technical University Fashion Learners 技校时装学习者的人际关系体验
Pub Date : 2023-02-15 DOI: 10.37745/ijvter.15/vol9n22539
S. A. Damalie, Phyllis Forster, Edith Abla Kludzi
The article sought to document concerns of fashion learners regarding interpersonal relationship experiences of Technical University fashion learners during the Semester-Out Industrial Attachment (S-O IA) programme. It therefore adopted a cross-sectional descriptive survey design and used a semi-structured questionnaire to collect data from 199 third year HND Fashion learners from five (5) public Technical Universities. The study established that the interpersonal relationship experiences the respondents acquired during the S-O IA programme were significantly favourable albeit with some challenges. It was thus recommended that the Technical University Industrial Liaison Offices (TUILOs) establish a yearly pre and post S-O IA stakeholders’ seminar to discuss students’ concerns before and after the S-O I A programme.
本文旨在记录技术大学时装学习者在学期外工业实习(S-O - IA)课程中对人际关系经历的关注。因此,采用横断面描述性调查设计,并使用半结构化问卷收集来自五所公立技术大学的199名三年级HND时装学习者的数据。研究发现,受访者在S-O - IA项目中获得的人际关系体验是显著有利的,尽管存在一些挑战。因此,我们建议科技大学工业联络处每年举办一次工商管理学院课程前后的持份者研讨会,讨论学生在工商管理学院课程前后所关注的问题。
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引用次数: 0
Adult Education and Human Capacity Building for Community Sustainability in Nigeria 尼日利亚社区可持续发展的成人教育和人的能力建设
Pub Date : 2023-02-15 DOI: 10.37745/ijvter.15/vol9n2112
I. F. Uzoagu
The economic, social and environmental issues threatening humans as well as continual existence of communities in Nigeria, requires the contribution of all. Adult members, constituting greater portion of the country’s population, are seen as agents through which the economic, social and environmental challenges facing communities as well as the countries can be addressed. However, solutions to the plethora of issues confronting community sustainability, requires greater number of the adult’s population possessing the requisite knowledge and skills through education. Education seen as a powerful instrument for social change, helps reduce social and economic issues like poverty, hunger, crime, unemployment, social inequalities, disease, just to mention but few, and give individuals the opportunities to live fulfilled life. Although, education is categorized into formal, informal and non-formal dimension, this study specifically reviews literatures on adult education and human resources capacity building for community sustainability in Nigeria. From the contents of the literature reviewed, it was indicated that adult education programmes contributes towards sustainable growth, successful employment, self-reliance and access to justice for all in communities in Nigeria. Thus, adult education equips individuals with knowledge as well as skills capable of enhancing their potentials as well as capabilities in making effective contributions towards the social, economic and environmental sustainability of communities in Nigeria.
威胁到人类的经济、社会和环境问题以及尼日利亚社区的继续存在需要所有人的贡献。在该国人口中占较大比例的成年成员被视为能够解决社区和国家所面临的经济、社会和环境挑战的代理人。然而,要解决社区可持续性面临的大量问题,需要更多的成年人通过教育掌握必要的知识和技能。教育被视为社会变革的有力工具,有助于减少社会和经济问题,如贫困、饥饿、犯罪、失业、社会不平等、疾病,仅举几例,并为个人提供过上充实生活的机会。虽然教育分为正式、非正式和非正式三个维度,但本研究特别回顾了有关尼日利亚成人教育和人力资源能力建设促进社区可持续发展的文献。从文献审查的内容来看,成人教育方案有助于尼日利亚社区所有人的可持续增长、成功就业、自力更生和诉诸司法。因此,成人教育使个人具备知识和技能,能够提高他们的潜力和能力,为尼日利亚社区的社会、经济和环境可持续性作出有效贡献。
{"title":"Adult Education and Human Capacity Building for Community Sustainability in Nigeria","authors":"I. F. Uzoagu","doi":"10.37745/ijvter.15/vol9n2112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37745/ijvter.15/vol9n2112","url":null,"abstract":"The economic, social and environmental issues threatening humans as well as continual existence of communities in Nigeria, requires the contribution of all. Adult members, constituting greater portion of the country’s population, are seen as agents through which the economic, social and environmental challenges facing communities as well as the countries can be addressed. However, solutions to the plethora of issues confronting community sustainability, requires greater number of the adult’s population possessing the requisite knowledge and skills through education. Education seen as a powerful instrument for social change, helps reduce social and economic issues like poverty, hunger, crime, unemployment, social inequalities, disease, just to mention but few, and give individuals the opportunities to live fulfilled life. Although, education is categorized into formal, informal and non-formal dimension, this study specifically reviews literatures on adult education and human resources capacity building for community sustainability in Nigeria. From the contents of the literature reviewed, it was indicated that adult education programmes contributes towards sustainable growth, successful employment, self-reliance and access to justice for all in communities in Nigeria. Thus, adult education equips individuals with knowledge as well as skills capable of enhancing their potentials as well as capabilities in making effective contributions towards the social, economic and environmental sustainability of communities in Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":300357,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vocational and Technical Education Research","volume":"183 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115063294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Examining factors associated with performance anxiety among soccer players in Katima Mulilo of Zambezi Region in Namibia 在纳米比亚赞比西地区的Katima Mulilo,研究与足球运动员表现焦虑相关的因素
Pub Date : 2023-02-15 DOI: 10.37745/ijvter.15/vol9n21324
Gerald Kela, Judith Kela, Acts Kella
The purpose of this study was to examining factors associated with performance anxiety among soccer players in Katima Mulilo of the Zambezi Region of Namibia. Quantitative methods were used to determine soccer players’ performance anxiety levels prior and during the game. A total of (n = 100) soccer players from Katima Mulilo Zambezi Football League playing for A and B divisions participated in the study. The participants were selected purposively based on a reason that they were soccer players either in A or B division of the league. Data were gathered using a self-filled information questionnaire forms created by the researcher. Data was analysed with a statistical software SPSS programme. Percentages, frequencies, mean and standard deviation numerical figures were used to interpret the results. The highest score of (M = 4.00 ± SD =.000) was recorded for item 11 to which soccer players indicated that they had high level of winning thoughts on their minds prior to the game to be played. The second highest score recorded was item 7 (M = 3.86 ± SD = .355) to which soccer players indicated that they feared their opponents and spectators prior to the game. The third highest score was recorded in item 1 with (M = 3.74 ± SD = .443) to which soccer players indicated they always had spent more time for physical preparation prior to the game. The five lowest scores were recorded in items 5, 8, 24, 25 and 31. The lowest score was recorded in item 25 with (M = 1.11 ± SD = .323) to which soccer players indicated that they often felt blurred vision prior to the game. The second lowest score was recorded in item 31 with (M = 1.20 ± SD = .406) to which players indicated that they often had poor concentration during the game. The third lowest scored was recorded in item 24 with (M = 1.34 ± SD = .482) to which players indicated that they often felt some form of dizziness prior to the game. Therefore this study concludes that performance anxiety is caused by fear of failure, negative thinking, low self-esteem, uncertainty, worry, and lack of motivation, inability to deal with difficulty, negative self-talk, self-evaluation, and overthinking.
本研究的目的是研究与纳米比亚赞比西地区Katima Mulilo足球运动员表现焦虑相关的因素。采用定量方法测定足球运动员在比赛前和比赛中表现焦虑水平。共有(n = 100)名来自赞比西足球联赛A、B级联赛的足球运动员参与了这项研究。参与者是根据他们是联赛a级或B级的足球运动员的原因有目的地选择的。数据是通过研究者自行填写的信息问卷形式收集的。采用SPSS统计软件对数据进行分析。使用百分比、频率、平均值和标准差数值图来解释结果。第11项得分最高(M = 4.00±SD = 0.000),足球运动员表示在比赛前他们的脑海中有很高的获胜想法。第二高的得分是第7项(M = 3.86±SD = .355),即足球运动员在比赛前表示他们害怕对手和观众。得分第三高的是第一项(M = 3.74±SD = 0.443),足球运动员表示他们在比赛前总是花更多的时间进行身体准备。得分最低的5个项目分别是第5、8、24、25和31项。得分最低的是第25项(M = 1.11±SD = .323),其中足球运动员表示他们在比赛前经常感到视力模糊。得分第二低的是第31项(M = 1.20±SD = 0.406),玩家表示他们在游戏过程中经常注意力不集中。得分第三低的是第24项(M = 1.34±SD = .482),玩家表示他们在游戏前经常感到某种形式的头晕。因此,本研究得出的结论是,表现焦虑是由害怕失败、消极思考、低自尊、不确定、担心、缺乏动力、无法处理困难、消极的自我对话、自我评价和过度思考引起的。
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引用次数: 0
Changes in Ghana’s Technical and Vocational Education and Training since its Independence: From the Perspective of Educational Policy 加纳独立以来职业技术教育与培训的变化:教育政策视角
Pub Date : 2023-02-15 DOI: 10.37745/ijvter.15/vol9n24049
Elijah Takyi Mensah
Ghana’s technical and vocational education and training have gone through many policies changes since the country’s independence indicating how important successive governments recognize the crucial role of TVET in Ghana’s social-economic development. The main purpose of this study was to examine the changes in Ghana’s TVET since its independence from the perspective of educational policy. The main source of information for this study is secondary data collected from existing literature that is related to the objective of the study. Documents such as the Government of Ghana's education policy documents, ministry of education documents, journals, books were consulted. The rigorous analysis of literature found that efforts have been made to increase and improve TVET institutions to provide more opportunities for young people through skills development for all levels of TVET institutions. Despite all the efforts, to be able to have effective and efficient human resources to compete in the global world, there is a need to develop career guidance systems to assist learners in choosing appropriate pathways including the provision of up-to-date labor market information to stakeholders, self-assessment tools to identify aptitudes and interests and promote the acquisition of career management skills.
自国家独立以来,加纳的技术和职业教育和培训经历了许多政策变化,表明历届政府都认识到TVET在加纳社会经济发展中的关键作用是多么重要。本研究的主要目的是从教育政策的角度考察加纳独立以来职业技术教育培训的变化。本研究的主要信息来源是从现有文献中收集的与研究目的相关的二手数据。咨询了加纳政府教育政策文件、教育部文件、期刊、书籍等文件。通过对文献的严格分析,我们发现,各国都在努力增加和改善职业技术培训机构,通过各级职业技术培训机构的技能发展,为年轻人提供更多的机会。尽管做出了种种努力,为了能够拥有有效和高效的人力资源,在全球范围内竞争,有必要开发职业指导系统,帮助学习者选择适当的途径,包括向利益相关者提供最新的劳动力市场信息,自我评估工具,以确定能力和兴趣,并促进获得职业管理技能。
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引用次数: 1
Feedback from Technical University Fashion Students On Preparations for Semester-Out Industrial Attachment 技术大学时装专业学生对准备学期外实习的反馈
Pub Date : 2023-01-15 DOI: 10.37745/ijliss.15/vol9n13954
S. A. Damalie, Phyllis Forster, Edith Abla Kludzi
This paper sought feedback from Technical University Higher National Diploma (HND) Fashion Students on the adequacy of their preparations for their Semester-Out Industrial Attachment (S-OIA) programme. The paper adopted a cross-sectional descriptive survey design and used a semi-structured questionnaire to collect data from 199 third year HND Fashion Students from five public Technical Universities in Ghana. The feedback from the students showed varied levels of dissatisfaction about the school-based preparations they went through prior to the S-O IA programme. Even though majority of the students affirmed that the school-based preparations made were necessary, it was obviously not helpful to many in view of the percentage of respondents who were informed on the benefits of the programme during the school-based orientation. It was therefore suggested that Technical Universities Industrial Liaison offices adopt and strictly adhere to the school-based preparation protocols and processes.
本文寻求技术大学高级国家文凭(HND)时装专业学生对其学期外工业实习(S-OIA)计划的准备是否充分的反馈。本文采用横断面描述性调查设计,并使用半结构化问卷收集了来自加纳五所公立技术大学的199名HND时装三年级学生的数据。学生们的反馈显示,他们对在S-O - IA课程之前进行的校本准备工作有不同程度的不满。虽然大多数学生肯定校本准备工作是必要的,但鉴于在校本介绍期间被告知该方案的好处的答复者百分比,这显然对许多人没有帮助。因此,建议各技术大学工业联络处采用并严格遵守以学校为基础的准备规程和程序。
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引用次数: 0
Directional and Wayfinding Signage for Takoradi Technical University (Akatakyi Campus) Takoradi工业大学(Akatakyi校区)定向和寻路标志设计
Pub Date : 2023-01-15 DOI: 10.37745/ijliss.15/vol9n1915
J. B. Yandoh, E. A. Sackey, K. Sangban
The paper intended to look for more convenient technology to produce a signage that will create awareness of the new Akatakyi campus of the Takoradi Technical University and also provide functional and efficient direction to people. The research specifically sought to identify suitable landmarks and locations for mounting specific types of signage and directional signs for effective communication at the Akatakyi campus of the Takoradi Technical University. The vibrant growth of the university and the increasing number of the students over the past years has therefore rendered the Effia campus congested hence overstretching the facilities for the university. As a result, the management has acquired one hundred and fifty acres of land for the expansion of the university at the Akatakyi-Ahanta community a suburb of Takoradi to ease congestion on the main campus. The newly Akatakyi campus is intended to accommodate the Faculty of Engineering. It has been observed that most people are not familiar with the location and the program intended to be run at the Akatakyi campus of the university. It is therefore imperative to find ways of creating awareness of the new campus. The descriptive research method was used in the study to identify, describe and document all the data collected. The instruments used in gathering data were conversation, observation and interview. The outcome shows an excellent procedural model with illustrations. It is recommended that the management of Takoradi Technical University management should engaged the researcher and finance this project for the execution of the actual and the standardized sizes. This will help visitors all day to reduce stress hence, to located TTU facilities at ease within Akatakyi campus.
该论文旨在寻找更方便的技术来制作标牌,以提高Takoradi工业大学赤泷新校区的知名度,并为人们提供功能和高效的指导。该研究特别寻求确定合适的地标和位置,以安装特定类型的标志和定向标志,以便在Takoradi工业大学赤泷校区有效沟通。在过去的几年里,大学的蓬勃发展和学生人数的增加使得Effia校园拥挤不堪,从而使大学的设施不堪重负。因此,管理部门在Takoradi郊区的Akatakyi-Ahanta社区获得了150英亩的土地,用于大学的扩建,以缓解主校区的拥堵。赤泷新校区旨在容纳工程学院。据观察,大多数人不熟悉该大学赤泷校区的位置和计划。因此,必须找到创造新校园意识的方法。本研究采用描述性研究方法对收集到的所有数据进行识别、描述和记录。收集资料的手段有谈话、观察和访谈。结果显示了一个优秀的程序模型,并附有插图。建议塔克拉拉迪工业大学管理层聘请研究人员,并为该项目提供资金,以执行实际和标准化的规模。这将有助于游客整天减轻压力,从而在赤武校园内轻松定位TTU设施。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
International Journal of Vocational and Technical Education Research
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