The article analyses a set of philosophical statements made by and attributed to Ivan Karamazov in Dostoevsky's The Brothers Karamazov, in order to answer the question as to what kind of philosophy Ivan may be said to express in the novel. My close reading reveals that there is a significant distinction between, on the one hand, Ivan's most radical statements, that is his rational egoism and the idea that "everything is permitted," which are always given in reported speech, and on the other the “Ivan of direct speech,” a character characterized by far more moral sensibility (e.g. in the Pro et contra part). On the basis of these findings the article seeks to bring together two traditions in the reception of Dostoevsky—the philosophical and the narratological. By letting these approaches inform one another I suggest ways in which the structural organization of the text is itself a bearer of philosophical meaning. Moreover, the article takes seriously Bakhtin's claim that Dostoevsky's heroes are not merely stable representations of ideas, but engage with them through dialogue and encounters with others, as exemplified by Ivan Karamazov himself as well as by other characters' responses to his articulations.
{"title":"Ivan Karamazov as a Philosophical Type—but which one?","authors":"K. J. Mjør","doi":"10.7557/6.5895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7557/6.5895","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyses a set of philosophical statements made by and attributed to Ivan Karamazov in Dostoevsky's The Brothers Karamazov, in order to answer the question as to what kind of philosophy Ivan may be said to express in the novel. My close reading reveals that there is a significant distinction between, on the one hand, Ivan's most radical statements, that is his rational egoism and the idea that \"everything is permitted,\" which are always given in reported speech, and on the other the “Ivan of direct speech,” a character characterized by far more moral sensibility (e.g. in the Pro et contra part). On the basis of these findings the article seeks to bring together two traditions in the reception of Dostoevsky—the philosophical and the narratological. By letting these approaches inform one another I suggest ways in which the structural organization of the text is itself a bearer of philosophical meaning. Moreover, the article takes seriously Bakhtin's claim that Dostoevsky's heroes are not merely stable representations of ideas, but engage with them through dialogue and encounters with others, as exemplified by Ivan Karamazov himself as well as by other characters' responses to his articulations. ","PeriodicalId":30040,"journal":{"name":"Poljarnyj Vestnik Norwegian Journal of Slavic Studies","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78445466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article explores two Norwegian publications related to Dostoevskij, both of which were published in 1922. In his doctoral dissertation, Martin Gran, who was the first scholar in Norway to defend a dissertation in the field of Slavic studies, discussed the works of the young Dostoevskij. The second publication under scrutiny is Erik Krag’s novel Ottar Wreike, which shows influence from Dostoevskij’s Raskol’nikov.
{"title":"Ф. М. Достоевский – 200 лет со дня рождения","authors":"Erik Egeberg","doi":"10.7557/6.6344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7557/6.6344","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores two Norwegian publications related to Dostoevskij, both of which were published in 1922. In his doctoral dissertation, Martin Gran, who was the first scholar in Norway to defend a dissertation in the field of Slavic studies, discussed the works of the young Dostoevskij. The second publication under scrutiny is Erik Krag’s novel Ottar Wreike, which shows influence from Dostoevskij’s Raskol’nikov.","PeriodicalId":30040,"journal":{"name":"Poljarnyj Vestnik Norwegian Journal of Slavic Studies","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78489882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article considers Russian onomatopoeic verbal interjections due to the fact that these linguistic units possess a unique grammatical feature of being either completely syntactically independent or act as members of sentence, depending on the context and speaker’s communicative intention. Moreover, there is ambiguity concerning their expressiveness. In some cases they are prosodically foregrounded and have reduplicated morphemes, in others no pauses in speech separate them from the host construction and no expressive morphology is demonstrated. This research aims at establishing correlation between prosodic/morphological expressiveness and syntactic independence of Russian onomatopoeic verbal interjections with the help of a statistical model. Firstly, corpus analysis of data from the Russian Corpus of Spoken Language is applied examine expressiveness of these linguistic units, as well as to investigate their syntactic independence. Finally, a Log-Linear Statistical Model is applied to establish dependencies between absence/presence of these three features and to determine which ones of them have significant correlations.
{"title":"Correlation between expressiveness and syntactic independence of Russian onomatopoeic verbal interjections","authors":"O. Kanerva","doi":"10.7557/6.4435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7557/6.4435","url":null,"abstract":"This article considers Russian onomatopoeic verbal interjections due to the fact that these linguistic units possess a unique grammatical feature of being either completely syntactically independent or act as members of sentence, depending on the context and speaker’s communicative intention. Moreover, there is ambiguity concerning their expressiveness. In some cases they are prosodically foregrounded and have reduplicated morphemes, in others no pauses in speech separate them from the host construction and no expressive morphology is demonstrated. This research aims at establishing correlation between prosodic/morphological expressiveness and syntactic independence of Russian onomatopoeic verbal interjections with the help of a statistical model. Firstly, corpus analysis of data from the Russian Corpus of Spoken Language is applied examine expressiveness of these linguistic units, as well as to investigate their syntactic independence. Finally, a Log-Linear Statistical Model is applied to establish dependencies between absence/presence of these three features and to determine which ones of them have significant correlations.","PeriodicalId":30040,"journal":{"name":"Poljarnyj Vestnik Norwegian Journal of Slavic Studies","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89823658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article presents a close reading of Wisława Szymborska’s poem “Monolog dla Kasandry”, "Soliloquy for Cassandra". The view of Cassandra as expressed by the poet is compared with the corresponding motifs in Miłosz and more generally with examples from Polish and Eastern European literature and cultural history. It is argued that Szymborska does not agree with the common and traditional Polish image of Cassandra, but instead polemizes against it in a complex and contradictory manner.
本文对Wisława辛波斯卡的诗歌《卡桑德拉的独白》(Monolog dla Cassandra)进行了细读。诗人所表达的卡桑德拉的观点与Miłosz中相应的母旨进行了比较，并更广泛地与波兰和东欧文学和文化史中的例子进行了比较。辛波丝卡并不认同波兰传统的卡桑德拉形象，而是以一种复杂而矛盾的方式进行反驳。
{"title":"The Cassandra Motif in Szymborska and Miłosz","authors":"Per Bodin","doi":"10.7557/6.4462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7557/6.4462","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents a close reading of Wisława Szymborska’s poem “Monolog dla Kasandry”, \"Soliloquy for Cassandra\". The view of Cassandra as expressed by the poet is compared with the corresponding motifs in Miłosz and more generally with examples from Polish and Eastern European literature and cultural history. It is argued that Szymborska does not agree with the common and traditional Polish image of Cassandra, but instead polemizes against it in a complex and contradictory manner.","PeriodicalId":30040,"journal":{"name":"Poljarnyj Vestnik Norwegian Journal of Slavic Studies","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86593322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, I take as my starting point traditional study of word-formation, i.e. word pairs like sad – sadness, bake – baker, where the members are connected formally as well as semantically. Besides, there is a difference in complexity, based on which each pair is ordered, directional.However, this traditional approach is changed in such a way that the analysis is based entirely on valency properties and semantic relationship is restricted to that of equivalence. So instead of analysing pairs like staryj (‘old’) – starik (‘old man’) I prefer equivalent pairs like staryj muščina (old + man) – starik.The investigation is carried through not only on the word level, but also on the phrase and sentence levels, including (as in the example just given) pairs where the members belong to different levels.Special attention is paid to pairs where the secondary member contains a copula, for example Mašinu vel Ivan (‘The car was driven by Ivan) – Voditelem mašiny byl Ivan (‘The driver of the car was Ivan’).
本文以传统构词法的研究为出发点，如sad - sadness、bake - baker等构词法，这些构词法的词性和语义都是相互联系的。此外，在复杂性上也有差异，基于这一点，每一对都是有序的、有方向性的。然而，这种传统方法发生了变化，分析完全基于价属性，语义关系仅限于等价关系。因此，与其分析像staryj (' old ') - staryk (' old man ')这样的配对，我更喜欢像staryj muščina (old + man) - staryk这样的对等配对。调查不仅在单词层面上进行，而且在短语和句子层面上进行，包括(如刚才给出的例子)成员属于不同层次的对。需要特别注意的是次要成员包含连字符的对，例如Mašinu vel Ivan(“这辆车是由Ivan驾驶的”)- Voditelem mašiny byl Ivan(“这辆车的司机是Ivan”)。
{"title":"Морфологическая производность","authors":"Lennart Lönngren","doi":"10.7557/6.4288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7557/6.4288","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, I take as my starting point traditional study of word-formation, i.e. word pairs like sad – sadness, bake – baker, where the members are connected formally as well as semantically. Besides, there is a difference in complexity, based on which each pair is ordered, directional.However, this traditional approach is changed in such a way that the analysis is based entirely on valency properties and semantic relationship is restricted to that of equivalence. So instead of analysing pairs like staryj (‘old’) – starik (‘old man’) I prefer equivalent pairs like staryj muščina (old + man) – starik.The investigation is carried through not only on the word level, but also on the phrase and sentence levels, including (as in the example just given) pairs where the members belong to different levels.Special attention is paid to pairs where the secondary member contains a copula, for example Mašinu vel Ivan (‘The car was driven by Ivan) – Voditelem mašiny byl Ivan (‘The driver of the car was Ivan’).","PeriodicalId":30040,"journal":{"name":"Poljarnyj Vestnik Norwegian Journal of Slavic Studies","volume":"468 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77849275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this article, I examine depictions of the city of Murmansk in Soviet and contemporary Russian literature: how different works describe Murmansk’s liminal location and role as a frontier city in the Russian Arctic. I approach this question by analyzing three themes central in the texts about Murmansk: 1) future visions of the city, 2) the role of the sea/ocean and the port in the city life, and 3) depictions of the geographical location and natural surroundings of the city. I ask how the image of the city may have changed during the last century and how different actors and places in the city space influence the urban experiences of the protagonists. The Arctic became “a key component of the modern mythology” in the Soviet Union in the 1930s (McCannon 1998: 81). This “Arctic myth”, examined extensively by John McCannon (1998, 2003), is an important context for my study. I am interested in the role of urbanization, focusing on the city of Murmansk, in the Arctic myth and in conquering the North in the 1930s. I also cover questions about the relationship between gender and urban space in this Arctic city text.My theoretical frameworks come from literary urban studies, geocriticism, ecocriticism and semiotics. I analyze Soviet texts in parallel with the contemporary material. The geocritic Bertrand Westphal proposes the geocentered approach to texts: “the geocritical study of literature is not organized around texts or authors but around geographic sites” (Prieto 2011: 20, italics mine). According to Westphal, analyzing a single text or a single author makes the study of a place lopsided, and geocritical study should emphasize the space more than an observer (Westphal 2011: 126, 131, italics mine). Applying Westphal’s geocentered approach to texts, I analyze depictions of Murmansk in multiple texts from different authors and decades. I prefer this kind of approach because exploring different eras’ texts about Murmansk, I want to give a comparative perspective to the history of Murmansk as a literary city.
{"title":"(Literary) Capital of the Russian Arctic: Murmansk in Russian Literature","authors":"Anni Lappela","doi":"10.7557/6.4446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7557/6.4446","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, I examine depictions of the city of Murmansk in Soviet and contemporary Russian literature: how different works describe Murmansk’s liminal location and role as a frontier city in the Russian Arctic. I approach this question by analyzing three themes central in the texts about Murmansk: 1) future visions of the city, 2) the role of the sea/ocean and the port in the city life, and 3) depictions of the geographical location and natural surroundings of the city. I ask how the image of the city may have changed during the last century and how different actors and places in the city space influence the urban experiences of the protagonists. The Arctic became “a key component of the modern mythology” in the Soviet Union in the 1930s (McCannon 1998: 81). This “Arctic myth”, examined extensively by John McCannon (1998, 2003), is an important context for my study. I am interested in the role of urbanization, focusing on the city of Murmansk, in the Arctic myth and in conquering the North in the 1930s. I also cover questions about the relationship between gender and urban space in this Arctic city text.My theoretical frameworks come from literary urban studies, geocriticism, ecocriticism and semiotics. I analyze Soviet texts in parallel with the contemporary material. The geocritic Bertrand Westphal proposes the geocentered approach to texts: “the geocritical study of literature is not organized around texts or authors but around geographic sites” (Prieto 2011: 20, italics mine). According to Westphal, analyzing a single text or a single author makes the study of a place lopsided, and geocritical study should emphasize the space more than an observer (Westphal 2011: 126, 131, italics mine). Applying Westphal’s geocentered approach to texts, I analyze depictions of Murmansk in multiple texts from different authors and decades. I prefer this kind of approach because exploring different eras’ texts about Murmansk, I want to give a comparative perspective to the history of Murmansk as a literary city.","PeriodicalId":30040,"journal":{"name":"Poljarnyj Vestnik Norwegian Journal of Slavic Studies","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91274268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Viimaranta, Oksana A. Kanerva, A. Timofeeva, Gustaf Olsson
В данной статье мы анализируем функцию падежных окончаний в русском языке с помощью двух лингвистических экспериментов. Целью первого является выяснить, насколько хорошо русскоязычные, проживающие в Финляндии (как носители языка, так и те, для кого русский язык не является родным, но владеющие им на высоком уровне), понимают, к какому падежу или числу принадлежит слово в том случае, если правильная форма является омофоном с хотя бы одной другой грамматической формой. Второй эксперимент призван ответить на вопрос, нужны ли падежные окончания носителям русского языка, чтобы определить синтаксические связи между словами. Полагаясь на результаты первого эксперимента, мы утверждаем, что категория числа в восприятии носителей языка более развита, чем падеж; а результаты второго эксперимента предполагают, что в случае падежного синкретизма, другие факторы влияют на определение синтаксических связей между словами внутри предложения. In this article we analyze the function of case endings in the Russian language by means of two linguistic experiments. In the first one we aim to discover how well Russian speakers living in Finland (native speakers and non-natives highly proficient in the language) understand which case or number a word belongs to when the correct word form is homophonous with at least one other form. The second experiment seeks to answer the question of whether native Russian speakers need case endings to be able to distinguish syntactic connections between words. The results of the first experiment show that the category of number is more developed than the category of case in the perception of the native speakers, while the second experiment suggests that in the event of case syncretism other factors influence the identification of syntactic connections between the words in a sentence.
在本文中，我们通过两个语言学实验分析了俄语中二元末尾的功能。旨在找出俄语有多好,第一个居住在芬兰(母语和那些没有母语为俄语,但是他们拥有高级别),字属于哪格或数字,如果是同音异义词的正确形式和至少一个其他语法形式。第二个实验是为了回答俄语载体是否需要形式化结尾来确定单词之间的句法联系。根据第一个实验的结果，我们认为在母语受试者的感知中数字的类别比padege更先进;第二个实验的结果表明，在失语症的情况下，其他因素会影响句子中单词之间的句法联系。在这首诗中，我们分析了俄罗斯语言的结尾，由两种语言体验组成。在我们第一次发现的时候，我们是在芬兰发现的。第二张试探性的照片是关于俄罗斯人对不同的syntactions连接的需要。The results of The first实验show that The a类of number is more developed than The a类of case in The胥黎of The native speakers, while The second实验suggests that in The event of case syncretism other豁免权influence The识别of syntactic connections between The words in a的成分。
{"title":"Признаки избыточности в падежной системе русского языка: трудности с усвоением окончаний и синкретизм падежных форм","authors":"J. Viimaranta, Oksana A. Kanerva, A. Timofeeva, Gustaf Olsson","doi":"10.7557/6.4431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7557/6.4431","url":null,"abstract":"В данной статье мы анализируем функцию падежных окончаний в русском языке с помощью двух лингвистических экспериментов. Целью первого является выяснить, насколько хорошо русскоязычные, проживающие в Финляндии (как носители языка, так и те, для кого русский язык не является родным, но владеющие им на высоком уровне), понимают, к какому падежу или числу принадлежит слово в том случае, если правильная форма является омофоном с хотя бы одной другой грамматической формой. Второй эксперимент призван ответить на вопрос, нужны ли падежные окончания носителям русского языка, чтобы определить синтаксические связи между словами. Полагаясь на результаты первого эксперимента, мы утверждаем, что категория числа в восприятии носителей языка более развита, чем падеж; а результаты второго эксперимента предполагают, что в случае падежного синкретизма, другие факторы влияют на определение синтаксических связей между словами внутри предложения. In this article we analyze the function of case endings in the Russian language by means of two linguistic experiments. In the first one we aim to discover how well Russian speakers living in Finland (native speakers and non-natives highly proficient in the language) understand which case or number a word belongs to when the correct word form is homophonous with at least one other form. The second experiment seeks to answer the question of whether native Russian speakers need case endings to be able to distinguish syntactic connections between words. The results of the first experiment show that the category of number is more developed than the category of case in the perception of the native speakers, while the second experiment suggests that in the event of case syncretism other factors influence the identification of syntactic connections between the words in a sentence.","PeriodicalId":30040,"journal":{"name":"Poljarnyj Vestnik Norwegian Journal of Slavic Studies","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86451586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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