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Poésie et astronomie. De l’antiquité au romantism edited by Florian Barrière and Caroline Bertonèche 诗歌和天文学。弗洛里安barriere和卡罗琳bertoneche编辑的《从古代到浪漫主义》
Pub Date : 2023-09-30 DOI: 10.33137/aestimatio.v3i1.41823
Barbara Bienias
This collection of essays edited by Florian Barrière and Caroline Bertonèche presents an anthropological and cultural approach to astronomical themes in poetic works from antiquity to the Romantic period (with emphasis on Latin literature and British Romantic poetry). Apart from the main subject, the framework spans myth, theater, natural philosophy, and musical composition. Although the reader can tell that the emphasis is on the philological aspects of works, it is done with much careful consideration of contemporary scientific and philosophical debate and a good knowledge of the critical literature.
这本由Florian barri和Caroline berton编辑的文集展示了从古代到浪漫主义时期(重点是拉丁文学和英国浪漫主义诗歌)诗歌作品中天文主题的人类学和文化方法。除了主题之外,框架还涵盖了神话、戏剧、自然哲学和音乐创作。虽然读者可以看出重点是在作品的语言学方面,但它是通过对当代科学和哲学辩论的仔细考虑以及对批评文学的良好了解来完成的。
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引用次数: 0
Apuleius on the Heaven 阿普列乌斯论天堂
Pub Date : 2023-09-30 DOI: 10.33137/aestimatio.v3i1.41806
Alan C. Bowen
Apuleius’ De mundo pr. 1–3.4 is a loose paraphrase in Latin of the Περὶ κόσμου 391a1–392b14, a treatise once thought to be by Aristotle. By focusing on differences between these two works, I aim to develop some working hypotheses that situate the De mundo in relation to critical disagreements in the second century AD about the heaven, what constitutes knowledge of it, and how this knowledge is to be gained.
阿普列乌斯的《论世界》(De mundo pr. 1-3.4)是对曾被认为出自亚里士多德之手的论文Περ κόσμου 391a1-392b14的拉丁文大意释义。通过关注这两部作品之间的差异,我的目标是提出一些可行的假设,将《世界论》与公元二世纪关于天堂的关键分歧联系起来,关于天堂的知识是什么,以及如何获得这些知识。
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引用次数: 0
A Companion to Byzantine Science edited by Stavros Lazaris 斯塔夫罗斯·拉扎里斯编辑的《拜占庭科学指南》
Pub Date : 2023-09-30 DOI: 10.33137/aestimatio.v3i1.41826
Émilie Villey
A Companion to Byzantine Science est un volume composé de 13 chapitres, d’une introduction de Stavros Lazaris, d’une conclusion d’Anne Tihon et de trois index (index général, index des manuscrits et index des noms modernes) réalisés par Antonio Ricciardetto. Onze des 13 chapitres sont consacrés à un domaine spécifique de la science byzantine (sur les sciences mathématiques, l’optique, la météorologie et la physique, l’astronomie et l’astrologie, la géographie, la zoologie, la botanique, la médecine et la pharmacologie, la médecine vétérinaire, l’art militaire et enfin les sciences occultes (divination, astrologie, alchimie). Les deux premiers chapitres (« ‘Inner’ and ‘Outer’ Knowledge : The Debate between Faith and Reason in Late Antiquity » d’Hervé Inglebert et « Science Teaching and Learning Methods in Byzantium » d’Immaculada Pérez Martín et Divna Manolova) constituent une sorte d’introduction à l’ensemble des sujets abordés dans le volume. L’éditeur réussit son pari en offrant ici un véritable guide utile pour faciliter l’accès aux textes grecs byzantins traitant de sciences mathématiques et naturelles.
《拜占庭科学指南》共13章,由斯塔夫罗斯·拉扎里斯(Stavros Lazaris)的导论、安妮·蒂宏(anne Tihon)的结论和安东尼奥·里恰尔代托(Antonio Ricciardetto)的三个索引(一般索引、手稿索引和现代名称索引)组成。11 - 13章的拜占庭的土地用于某一特定领域的科学(数学、光学、气象科学和物理学、天文学和占星学、动物学、植物学、地理学和医学、药理学、兽医学、军事艺术和最后的神秘学(占卜、占星术、炼金术)。前两章(«‘Inner’and‘Outer’Knowledge: The Debate between Faith in Late and Reason Antiquity科纳拉»«Inglebert和科学的教学和学习方法in Byzantium»d’Immaculada perez Mart) n和Divna Manolova导论)是所有科目中卷。出版商成功地提供了一个真正有用的指南,以方便访问拜占庭希腊文本处理数学和自然科学。
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引用次数: 0
A Walk through the Iranian Heavens: Spherical and NonSpherical Cosmographic Models in the Imagination of Ancient Iran and Its Neighbors by Antonio C. D. Panaino 穿越伊朗的天堂:古代伊朗及其邻国想象中的球形和非球形宇宙学模型,作者:安东尼奥·c·d·帕纳诺
Pub Date : 2023-09-30 DOI: 10.33137/aestimatio.v3i1.41819
Jeffrey Kotyk
A Walk through the Iranian Heavens is an innovative and focused study by the well-known scholar Antonio Panaino. This monograph looks at cosmography in ancient Iran and adjacent cultures, with attention to the problem of sphericity in antiquity. We might take for granted that the Greeks, after a point, operated with the model of a spherical Earth, but what about Iran, which had its own Mazdean mythology and worldview but was still influenced by Hellenic culture? At what point did ancient Iran become exposed to and/or adopt a spherical Earth as well as the model of a cosmic sphere? How did this model of the universe affect the Zoroastrian worldview? These are the questions that come to mind when approaching A Walk through the Iranian Heavens.
《穿越伊朗天堂》是著名学者安东尼奥·帕纳伊诺的一项创新和重点研究。这本专著着眼于古代伊朗和邻近文化的宇宙学,关注古代的球形问题。我们可能理所当然地认为,希腊人在一定程度上使用了一个球形地球的模型,但伊朗呢?伊朗有自己的马兹丁神话和世界观,但仍然受到希腊文化的影响。古伊朗在什么时候开始接触和/或采用球形地球以及宇宙球体模型?这个宇宙模型如何影响琐罗亚斯德教的世界观?这些都是在接近《穿越伊朗天堂》时脑海中浮现的问题。
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引用次数: 0
The Set of Alfonsine Tables Underlying Giovanni Bianchini’s Planetary Tables 基于Giovanni Bianchini行星表的alfonsin表集
Pub Date : 2023-09-30 DOI: 10.33137/aestimatio.v3i1.41807
José Chabás, Bernard R. Goldstein
The analysis of astronomical tables has proven to be a powerful tool to understand the transmission of astronomical knowledge. Further, the study of the major sets of tables compiled or in circulation in the Middle Ages has contributed significantly to mapping the thousands of tables preserved in medieval manuscripts. The present paper focuses on the relationship between two specific sets of tables, both in the framework of Alfonsine astronomy: one of hitherto uncertain authorship and a much larger one compiled by the Ferrarese astronomer Giovanni Bianchini (d. after 1469).
对天文表的分析已被证明是了解天文知识传播的有力工具。此外,对中世纪编制或流通的主要表格集的研究,对绘制保存在中世纪手稿中的数千张表格作出了重大贡献。本文着重于两组特定的表之间的关系,这两组表都是在Alfonsine天文学的框架内:其中一组迄今尚未确定作者,另一组由费拉雷斯天文学家Giovanni Bianchini(1469年后)编制的更大的表。
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引用次数: 0
Bloodletting in Babylonia Revisited 巴比伦流血事件重演
Pub Date : 2023-09-30 DOI: 10.33137/aestimatio.v3i1.41811
M. J. Geller
The question of bloodletting in Babylonia (and surgery in general) has hardly been studied, since evidence is sparse, while at the same time bloodletting in the Babylonian Talmud has been assumed to have been employed, although based upon questionable medieval interpretations of vague and doubtful terminology. However, when descriptions from cuneiform medicine are combined with evidence from Aramaic sources, a somewhat clearer picture emerges of a possible limited use of a bloodletting procedure in Babylonia, in both earlier and later periods.
巴比伦放血的问题(以及一般的外科手术)几乎没有被研究过,因为证据很少,而与此同时,巴比伦塔木德中的放血被认为已经被使用过,尽管基于对模糊和可疑术语的可疑中世纪解释。然而,当楔形文字医学的描述与来自阿拉姆语的证据相结合时,一幅更清晰的画面出现了,即在早期和后期,巴比伦可能有限地使用放血手术。
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引用次数: 0
Aristotle’s Μετεωρολογικά: Meteorology Then and Now by Anastasios A. Tsonis and Christos Zerefos 亚里士多德的Μετεωρολογικά:气象学的过去和现在,作者:Anastasios A. Tsonis和Christos Zerefos
Pub Date : 2023-09-30 DOI: 10.33137/aestimatio.v3i1.41822
Daniel w. Graham
Aristotle’s Meteorologica is one of the least studied of Aristotle’s major works, and scholars who do study it often concentrate on its logical and theoretical aspects rather than on the empirical science contained in it. The two authors of this study are professional meteorologists from Greece: Anastasios Tsonis, emeritus distinguished professor in the Department of Mathematical Sciences at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, and Christos Zerefos, head of the Research Centre for Atmospheric Physics and Climatology at the Academy of Athens and professor of atmospheric physics at the Universities of Athens and Thessaloniki. They are interested in Aristotle’s work as a contribution to science and not just as an essay in the logic of scientific inquiry. This book thus fills a gap in the resources available for the study of Aristotle’s Meteorologica. I shall provide an overview of the book and then offer a critical assessment of it.
亚里士多德的《气象学》是亚里士多德主要著作中被研究最少的著作之一,研究它的学者往往把注意力集中在逻辑和理论方面,而不是其中包含的实证科学。这项研究的两位作者是来自希腊的专业气象学家:威斯康星大学密尔沃基分校数学科学系名誉杰出教授Anastasios Tsonis和雅典学院大气物理与气候学研究中心主任、雅典大学和塞萨洛尼基大学大气物理学教授Christos Zerefos。他们感兴趣的是亚里士多德对科学的贡献,而不仅仅是一篇关于科学探究逻辑的文章。因此,这本书填补了资源的空白,可用于研究亚里士多德的气象学。我将概述这本书,然后对它进行批判性的评价。
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引用次数: 0
Babylonian House Numbers and Squares of Zodiacal Signs 巴比伦的门牌号和黄道带的方阵
Pub Date : 2023-09-30 DOI: 10.33137/aestimatio.v3i1.41816
Lis Brack-Bernsen
The texts BM 36628+ and BM 45720 contain number schemes, which in their first four columns list consecutive lines of Calendar Texts. These texts add six more columns (columns 5–10) to the classic Calendar Text. Therefore, we shall call them expanded Calendar Texts. The additional column 10 lists house numbers j, while column 9 contains four signs (labeled i) over four consecutive lines, one of which equals a j-value. As we shall see, the i-values are chosen so that they always form the zodiacal squares with j as one of the corners. I investigate the system behind the schemes by analyzing their number columns. We thus find a structure similar to that of the circular tablet BM 47762, which I presented in Part I [Aestimatio ns 2.2 (2021) 43–58]. This tablet lists the dates of first half, full, second half, and black Moon, where the zodiacal position of these special lunar phases joins to a square in the zodiacal circle. I investigate the connection between the two systems.
文本BM 36628+和BM 45720包含数字方案,在其前四列中列出日历文本的连续行。这些文本在经典日历文本中添加了6列(列5-10)。因此,我们将它们称为扩展日历文本。额外的第10列列出门牌号j,而第9列包含四个连续的符号(标记为i),其中一个等于j值。正如我们将看到的,选择i值是为了使它们总是形成以j为角的黄道带正方形。我通过分析它们的数字列来研究这些方案背后的系统。因此,我们发现了一种类似于我在第一部分中提出的圆形片剂BM 47762的结构[Aestimatio ns 2.2(2021) 43-58]。这块石板列出了上半月、满月、下半月和黑月的日期,这些特殊的月相在黄道带上的位置与黄道带圆上的一个正方形相连。我研究了这两个系统之间的联系。
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引用次数: 0
The Science and Myth of Galileo between the Seventeenth and Nineteenth Centuries in Europe by Massimo Bucciantini 《17 - 19世纪欧洲伽利略的科学与神话》作者:马西莫·布恰安蒂尼
Pub Date : 2023-09-30 DOI: 10.33137/aestimatio.v3i1.41818
Paolo Palmieri
This volume contains the proceedings of an international conference held in Florence at the Museo Galileo, 29–31 January 2020. There are 31 essays, including the editor’s preface. Although the subtitle indicates that the conference was “international”, the vast majority of essays are by Italian scholars. This puzzling fact is not just an item of information concerning the statistics of the volume but is important in that it may help the reader contextualize the overarching ideological and political project that gave birth to the conference. It was, in fact, a collaborative undertaking shared by five Italian universities and the Museo Galileo, which was sponsored by the Italian government (defined as a Progetto di ricerca di interesse nazionale [viii]). In the remainder of the review, I will selectively discuss some of questions raised by the essays and highlight what I see as the major strengths and weaknesses of this collective volume. I am a historian and philosopher of science. Hence, my review will be concerned mostly with historical and philosophical aspects of the science and myth of Galileo.
本卷收录了2020年1月29日至31日在佛罗伦萨伽利略博物馆举行的国际会议记录。包括编辑的序言在内,共有31篇文章。虽然副标题表明会议是“国际性的”,但绝大多数论文都是意大利学者写的。这一令人费解的事实不仅是关于该卷统计数据的一项信息,而且很重要,因为它可以帮助读者了解产生这次会议的总体思想和政治项目的背景。事实上,这是由意大利政府赞助的五所意大利大学和伽利略博物馆共同承担的一项合作事业(定义为Progetto di ricerca di interesse nazionale [viii])。在这篇评论的剩余部分,我将有选择地讨论这些论文提出的一些问题,并强调我认为这个集体卷的主要优点和缺点。我是一位历史学家和科学哲学家。因此,我的评论将主要关注伽利略的科学和神话的历史和哲学方面。
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引用次数: 0
Reading Proclus and the Book of Causes: 2. Translations and Acculturations edited by Dragos Calma 阅读前言和原因之书:2。德拉戈斯·卡尔玛编辑的《翻译与文化适应》
Pub Date : 2023-09-30 DOI: 10.33137/aestimatio.v3i1.41824
Michele Abbate
The reception of Proclus’ Elements of Theology and the Book of Causes is certainly one of the most significant and complex themes for understanding the influence of Neoplatonic thought from the sixth century to the modern age. This volume is the second of three edited by Dragos Calma, in which the proceedings of the Parisian conference (12–13 February 2016) dedicated to the reception of the Elements of Theology and the Book of Causes are published. It gathers 18 contributions (12 in English, 5 in French, and 1 in German) by various scholars who have addressed the topic in question by focusing on specific aspects of the reception of these two texts between the sixth and 16th centuries in very different periods and cultural contexts. For this reason, the weighty volume is divided into five sections according to the cultural and geographical areas examined:(1) Byzantium,(2) The Caucasus,(3) The Lands of Islam,(4) The Latin West, and(5) The Hebrew Tradition.In view of the breadth and richness of the themes dealt with, I will limit myself to some brief and summary remarks on the main topics addressed in each essay.
普罗克劳斯的《神学要素》和《原因之书》的接受无疑是理解新柏拉图主义思想从六世纪到现代的影响的最重要和最复杂的主题之一。本卷是Dragos Calma编辑的三卷中的第二卷,其中出版了巴黎会议(2016年2月12日至13日)的会议记录,致力于接受神学要素和原因之书。它收集了18篇来自不同学者的文章(12篇英语,5篇法语,1篇德语),这些学者通过关注6世纪到16世纪在不同时期和文化背景下对这两篇文章的接受的具体方面来解决这个问题。出于这个原因,这本厚重的书根据所考察的文化和地理区域分为五个部分:(1)拜占庭,(2)高加索,(3)伊斯兰的土地,(4)拉丁西方,(5)希伯来传统。鉴于所处理的主题的广度和丰富性,我将限制自己对每篇文章中的主要主题进行一些简短和总结的评论。
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引用次数: 1
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Aestimatio Critical Reviews in the History of Science
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