{"title":"The Biological Significance of Pollination","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv10tq6j3.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv10tq6j3.9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":30194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pollination Ecology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79828557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Conservation of Pollinators","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv10tq6j3.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv10tq6j3.11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":30194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pollination Ecology","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85021563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"What is Pollination?","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv10tq6j3.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv10tq6j3.4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":30194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pollination Ecology","volume":"109 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77418804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Wind and Water","authors":"Harrison Tasoff","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv10tq6j3.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv10tq6j3.5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":30194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pollination Ecology","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90235044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-11DOI: 10.26786/1920-7603(2020)585
Daniel S Weiherer, Kayla Eckardt, P. Bernhardt
We compared the floral biology of two sympatric populations of closely related species over two seasons. In 2018, Nothoscordum bivalve (L.) Britton bloomed from April 23 to May 7 and Allium stellatum Nutt. Ex Ker Gawl bloomed from August 28 to October 4. Erect, white flowers of N. bivalve were scented and had septal nectaries. Erect, pink-purple flowers of A. stellatum had septal nectaries, no discernible scent, and a style that lengthened over the floral lifespan. Both species were pollinated by bees with the most common geometric mean of body dimensions between 2-3 mm. Most bees carried pure loads of the host plant’s pollen. Despite phenological isolation, the two herbs shared three bee species. Allium stellatum was also pollinated by the beetle Chauliognathus pensylvanicus DeGeer (Cantharidae). Tepal nyctinasty ensured mechanical self-pollination in N. bivalv e. Protandry occurred in A. stellatum . In N. bivalve , the proportion of pollen tubes penetrating ovules was highest in bagged, self-pollinating flowers. However, in A. stellatum it was highest in exposed flowers and hand cross-pollinated flowers. Fruit set in N. bivalve was highest in exposed and bagged, self-pollinating flowers. In A. stellatum, fruit set was highest in both exposed and hand cross-pollinated flowers. Seed set was the same among all treatments for both species. We interpret these results as evidence that A. stellatum is a self-incompatible, obligate outcrosser. Nothoscodum bivalve is a self-compatible, obligate inbreeder employing mechanical and insect-mediated self-pollination. Outbreeding depression appears to occur in N. bivalve with a partial trend towards intraspecific cross-incompatibility.
{"title":"Comparative floral ecology and breeding systems between sympatric populations of Nothoscordum bivalve and Allium stellatum (Amaryllidaceae)","authors":"Daniel S Weiherer, Kayla Eckardt, P. Bernhardt","doi":"10.26786/1920-7603(2020)585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26786/1920-7603(2020)585","url":null,"abstract":"We compared the floral biology of two sympatric populations of closely related species over two seasons. In 2018, Nothoscordum bivalve (L.) Britton bloomed from April 23 to May 7 and Allium stellatum Nutt. Ex Ker Gawl bloomed from August 28 to October 4. Erect, white flowers of N. bivalve were scented and had septal nectaries. Erect, pink-purple flowers of A. stellatum had septal nectaries, no discernible scent, and a style that lengthened over the floral lifespan. Both species were pollinated by bees with the most common geometric mean of body dimensions between 2-3 mm. Most bees carried pure loads of the host plant’s pollen. Despite phenological isolation, the two herbs shared three bee species. Allium stellatum was also pollinated by the beetle Chauliognathus pensylvanicus DeGeer (Cantharidae). Tepal nyctinasty ensured mechanical self-pollination in N. bivalv e. Protandry occurred in A. stellatum . In N. bivalve , the proportion of pollen tubes penetrating ovules was highest in bagged, self-pollinating flowers. However, in A. stellatum it was highest in exposed flowers and hand cross-pollinated flowers. Fruit set in N. bivalve was highest in exposed and bagged, self-pollinating flowers. In A. stellatum, fruit set was highest in both exposed and hand cross-pollinated flowers. Seed set was the same among all treatments for both species. We interpret these results as evidence that A. stellatum is a self-incompatible, obligate outcrosser. Nothoscodum bivalve is a self-compatible, obligate inbreeder employing mechanical and insect-mediated self-pollination. Outbreeding depression appears to occur in N. bivalve with a partial trend towards intraspecific cross-incompatibility.","PeriodicalId":30194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pollination Ecology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48815465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-11DOI: 10.26786/1920-7603(2020)595
Keigo D. Takahashi, T. Itino
Examination of the efficacy of pollinators that are not morphologically matched to a flower’s shape can deepen our understanding of the main pollinators of a plant species. In central Japan, Rhododendron japonicum is visited much more frequently by bumblebees than by butterflies although its flower shape is more suited for pollination by large butterflies . Here, we observed flower-visiting behaviour of Bombus diversus queens and the alpine black swallowtail butterfly, Papilio maackii, and compared their efficacy as pollinators. Papilio maackii always touched the stigma during a flower visit, whereas B. diversus queens did so during just 54% of their flower visits. As bumblebees visit neighboring flowers of a R. japonicum tree in sequence not like Papilio maackii , we hypothesized that they deliver self pollen to R. japonicum so that the fruit set would be low. However, the fruit set in a bumblebee-dominated area was 72.5%, significantly higher than that by hand-pollination with self pollen (31.4%). This suggests that R. japonicum can obtain sufficient fruits by B. diversus queens although its flower shape morphologically matches to pollination by swallowtail butterflies.
{"title":"Comparison of flower-visiting behaviour of bumblebees and swallowtail butterflies to the Japanese azalea (Rhododendron japonicum)","authors":"Keigo D. Takahashi, T. Itino","doi":"10.26786/1920-7603(2020)595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26786/1920-7603(2020)595","url":null,"abstract":"Examination of the efficacy of pollinators that are not morphologically matched to a flower’s shape can deepen our understanding of the main pollinators of a plant species. In central Japan, Rhododendron japonicum is visited much more frequently by bumblebees than by butterflies although its flower shape is more suited for pollination by large butterflies . Here, we observed flower-visiting behaviour of Bombus diversus queens and the alpine black swallowtail butterfly, Papilio maackii, and compared their efficacy as pollinators. Papilio maackii always touched the stigma during a flower visit, whereas B. diversus queens did so during just 54% of their flower visits. As bumblebees visit neighboring flowers of a R. japonicum tree in sequence not like Papilio maackii , we hypothesized that they deliver self pollen to R. japonicum so that the fruit set would be low. However, the fruit set in a bumblebee-dominated area was 72.5%, significantly higher than that by hand-pollination with self pollen (31.4%). This suggests that R. japonicum can obtain sufficient fruits by B. diversus queens although its flower shape morphologically matches to pollination by swallowtail butterflies.","PeriodicalId":30194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pollination Ecology","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44993522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-08DOI: 10.26786/1920-7603(2020)573
Dave McElveen, R. T. Meyer
New advancements in camera trap technology have led to wide-spread use in animal monitoring. In this study we tested whether modern self-contained camera traps could be used to identify small lepidopterans such as the frosted elfin ( Callophrys irus ). A vast majority of photographed lepidopterans, 76/81 (93.83%), were identifiable to family when moving relatively slowly across the camera’s field of view. Although no C. irus were observed, we were able to identify several species of lepidopterans including those of similar size as C. irus . We find that modern camera traps are adequate to sample small lepidopterans and may open new avenues to survey for small rare species such as C. irus over larger areas than typically possible with small field crews and short flight seasons.
{"title":"An Effective and Affordable Camera Trap for Monitoring Flower-visiting Butterflies in Sandhills: with Implications for the Frosted Elfin (Callophrys irus)","authors":"Dave McElveen, R. T. Meyer","doi":"10.26786/1920-7603(2020)573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26786/1920-7603(2020)573","url":null,"abstract":"New advancements in camera trap technology have led to wide-spread use in animal monitoring. In this study we tested whether modern self-contained camera traps could be used to identify small lepidopterans such as the frosted elfin ( Callophrys irus ). A vast majority of photographed lepidopterans, 76/81 (93.83%), were identifiable to family when moving relatively slowly across the camera’s field of view. Although no C. irus were observed, we were able to identify several species of lepidopterans including those of similar size as C. irus . We find that modern camera traps are adequate to sample small lepidopterans and may open new avenues to survey for small rare species such as C. irus over larger areas than typically possible with small field crews and short flight seasons.","PeriodicalId":30194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pollination Ecology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46121994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-16DOI: 10.26786/1920-7603(2020)531
C. Jones, F. L. Hoffman, P. Nunes-Silva, R. Allen, A. Muñoz, Marion Erickson, D. Stone, Youssef C. Atallah
Flood control, via the construction of the Seven Oaks Dam in the Santa Ana River in southern California, has altered habitat in the downstream alluvial wash community and jeopardized the persistence of pioneer plant species that rely on periodic flood-scouring and sand recharge. One species, Eriastrum densifolium ssp. sanctorum (“ Eriastrum ”), an endangered perennial, has been greatly affected and persists in spatially separated populations on successional vegetation terraces. We made “dawn to dusk” observations of pollinators in three phenological stages at four sites, representing young and old seral stages, to identify primary pollinators and to elicit daily, site, and seasonal patterns of visitors. Data were compared to previous observations and correlated with annual rainfall to determine long-term trends. Shifts in pollinator taxa have occurred, with some consistency through time and space, during nine years. The sites with the highest pollinator abundance (older sites) are least suited to Eriastrum . Hummingbirds (prevalent in early season) and the Acton giant flower-loving fly (prevalent in late season) have been consistently present across years, whereas other taxa have varied. A shift from native bees to non-native bees has occurred, although native bees in the families Halictidae and Apidae (Micranthophora and Melissodes) remain important. In general, there was no correlation between taxa abundance and rainfall. Eriastrum appears to be a generalist able to take advantage of the behaviour, cycling, and availability of diverse pollinators daily, seasonally, and annually. !! NOTE !! Supplementary files can be found in the left menu (article tools)
{"title":"Spatiotemporal variation in pollinator taxa on the santa ana river wooly star Eriastrum densifolium ssp. Sanctorum (Milliken) mason (Polemoniaceae)","authors":"C. Jones, F. L. Hoffman, P. Nunes-Silva, R. Allen, A. Muñoz, Marion Erickson, D. Stone, Youssef C. Atallah","doi":"10.26786/1920-7603(2020)531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26786/1920-7603(2020)531","url":null,"abstract":"Flood control, via the construction of the Seven Oaks Dam in the Santa Ana River in southern California, has altered habitat in the downstream alluvial wash community and jeopardized the persistence of pioneer plant species that rely on periodic flood-scouring and sand recharge. One species, Eriastrum densifolium ssp. sanctorum (“ Eriastrum ”), an endangered perennial, has been greatly affected and persists in spatially separated populations on successional vegetation terraces. We made “dawn to dusk” observations of pollinators in three phenological stages at four sites, representing young and old seral stages, to identify primary pollinators and to elicit daily, site, and seasonal patterns of visitors. Data were compared to previous observations and correlated with annual rainfall to determine long-term trends. Shifts in pollinator taxa have occurred, with some consistency through time and space, during nine years. The sites with the highest pollinator abundance (older sites) are least suited to Eriastrum . Hummingbirds (prevalent in early season) and the Acton giant flower-loving fly (prevalent in late season) have been consistently present across years, whereas other taxa have varied. A shift from native bees to non-native bees has occurred, although native bees in the families Halictidae and Apidae (Micranthophora and Melissodes) remain important. In general, there was no correlation between taxa abundance and rainfall. Eriastrum appears to be a generalist able to take advantage of the behaviour, cycling, and availability of diverse pollinators daily, seasonally, and annually. !! NOTE !! Supplementary files can be found in the left menu (article tools)","PeriodicalId":30194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pollination Ecology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43811739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-21DOI: 10.26786/1920-7603(2019)547
M. Fountain, Zeus Mateos‐Fierro, B. Shaw, P. Brain, Á. Delgado
The pear ( Pyrus communis L.) cultivar, Conference, is parthenocarpic but misshapes and marketable fruit losses of 6% at harvest are common. In other studies, insect flower visitors are identified as important for apple quality, but far fewer studies have examined the effects of insects and cross-pollination on pear quality. Using a range of replicated field experiments, this project aimed to determine the; 1) biodiversity of pear blossom insect visitors, 2) pollen limitation and fruit quality as a function of distance from the orchard edge and number of insect visitors, and 3) importance of cross pollination on fruit quality. A wide range of insects, >30 species, visited pear flowers including honey bees, bumble bees, solitary bees and hoverflies. Honey bees were the most frequent visitors, but all guilds, to a greater or lesser extent, made contact with the reproductive parts of the flower. Insect visits resulted in ~10% higher fruit set. There was no effect of distance from the edge (up to 50 m) of orchard on the quality of pears, and no consistent difference in the guild of insects visiting at distances from the orchard boundary. Cross-pollination with the variety Concorde produced better quality Conference fruits. We discuss how pollination of Conference pears could be managed to improve yields of marketable fruit.
{"title":"Insect pollinators of conference pear (Pyrus communis L.) and their contribution to fruit quality","authors":"M. Fountain, Zeus Mateos‐Fierro, B. Shaw, P. Brain, Á. Delgado","doi":"10.26786/1920-7603(2019)547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26786/1920-7603(2019)547","url":null,"abstract":"The pear ( Pyrus communis L.) cultivar, Conference, is parthenocarpic but misshapes and marketable fruit losses of 6% at harvest are common. In other studies, insect flower visitors are identified as important for apple quality, but far fewer studies have examined the effects of insects and cross-pollination on pear quality. Using a range of replicated field experiments, this project aimed to determine the; 1) biodiversity of pear blossom insect visitors, 2) pollen limitation and fruit quality as a function of distance from the orchard edge and number of insect visitors, and 3) importance of cross pollination on fruit quality. A wide range of insects, >30 species, visited pear flowers including honey bees, bumble bees, solitary bees and hoverflies. Honey bees were the most frequent visitors, but all guilds, to a greater or lesser extent, made contact with the reproductive parts of the flower. Insect visits resulted in ~10% higher fruit set. There was no effect of distance from the edge (up to 50 m) of orchard on the quality of pears, and no consistent difference in the guild of insects visiting at distances from the orchard boundary. Cross-pollination with the variety Concorde produced better quality Conference fruits. We discuss how pollination of Conference pears could be managed to improve yields of marketable fruit.","PeriodicalId":30194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pollination Ecology","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49496801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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