Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.53841/bpsfpid.2023.21.3.41
Sarah Webster, Sofia Oliveira Andrade
{"title":"Reflections of the experiences of people with and without learning disabilities conducting research together in a community learning disability team","authors":"Sarah Webster, Sofia Oliveira Andrade","doi":"10.53841/bpsfpid.2023.21.3.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53841/bpsfpid.2023.21.3.41","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":302131,"journal":{"name":"FPID Bulletin: The Bulletin of the Faculty for People with Intellectual Disabilities","volume":"26 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139021481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.53841/bpsfpid.2023.21.3.67
Olivia Pounds
Three decades of data, collected at a community learning disability service in a region of the UK, are reported on. Participants included 579 people with Down syndrome (DS), who were followed up from baseline to the point of a dementia diagnosis, and in some cases until death. Since most people with DS develop Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the aim was to see whether certain neuropsychological measures were changing in the prodromal stages of AD, above that of normal ageing, to support timely diagnoses. Variables associated with earlier age at dementia onset and subsequent survival times were also assessed. Generalised linear mixed models in R were used to compute prodromal changes for 204 of the sample, who had more than two complete assessments. Regression and hazard regression models in SPSS were used for onset (n= 279) and survival times (n= 185), respectively. Results suggest that difficulties with lexical-retrieval and visual memory may be early indicators of later AD. Awareness of the level of intellectual disability appears essential, since profound disability produced ‘floor’ effects, which impacted on the possibility for later declines. Earlier age at first assessment and living with family were predictive of an earlier age at diagnosis, which then led to longer duration of life, post-diagnosis. Both earlyand late-onset epilepsy, and living in a long-stay hospital were associated with earlier mortality. Implications for clinical practice and research are discussed.
{"title":"Empirical Project: Investigating the onset and trajectory of Alzheimer’s disease in Down syndrome","authors":"Olivia Pounds","doi":"10.53841/bpsfpid.2023.21.3.67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53841/bpsfpid.2023.21.3.67","url":null,"abstract":"Three decades of data, collected at a community learning disability service in a region of the UK, are reported on. Participants included 579 people with Down syndrome (DS), who were followed up from baseline to the point of a dementia diagnosis, and in some cases until death. Since most people with DS develop Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the aim was to see whether certain neuropsychological measures were changing in the prodromal stages of AD, above that of normal ageing, to support timely diagnoses. Variables associated with earlier age at dementia onset and subsequent survival times were also assessed. Generalised linear mixed models in R were used to compute prodromal changes for 204 of the sample, who had more than two complete assessments. Regression and hazard regression models in SPSS were used for onset (n= 279) and survival times (n= 185), respectively. Results suggest that difficulties with lexical-retrieval and visual memory may be early indicators of later AD. Awareness of the level of intellectual disability appears essential, since profound disability produced ‘floor’ effects, which impacted on the possibility for later declines. Earlier age at first assessment and living with family were predictive of an earlier age at diagnosis, which then led to longer duration of life, post-diagnosis. Both earlyand late-onset epilepsy, and living in a long-stay hospital were associated with earlier mortality. Implications for clinical practice and research are discussed.","PeriodicalId":302131,"journal":{"name":"FPID Bulletin: The Bulletin of the Faculty for People with Intellectual Disabilities","volume":"237 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138991878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.53841/bpsfpid.2023.21.3.15
Thom Gourley, Robert Moody, L. Yates, N. Beail, N. Vlissides, G. Rawlings
Available guidance states that psychological distress may impact on intellectual functioning assessment performance. Less clear is how clinicians should proceed when assessing an adult with a suspected intellectual disability (ID) presenting with psychological distress.A systematic review was performed, that examined psychological distress and performance on the Weschler’s Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS; all versions) in adults with ID.From 17,358 articles identified, one study was relevant. This study suggested psychological distress is associated with WAIS performance but had methodological issues.There is a dearth of evidence investigating this issue. Questions remain over the evidence base guiding clinical decision making.
{"title":"Does psychological distress impact Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale performance in adults with intellectual disabilities? A systematic review","authors":"Thom Gourley, Robert Moody, L. Yates, N. Beail, N. Vlissides, G. Rawlings","doi":"10.53841/bpsfpid.2023.21.3.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53841/bpsfpid.2023.21.3.15","url":null,"abstract":"Available guidance states that psychological distress may impact on intellectual functioning assessment performance. Less clear is how clinicians should proceed when assessing an adult with a suspected intellectual disability (ID) presenting with psychological distress.A systematic review was performed, that examined psychological distress and performance on the Weschler’s Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS; all versions) in adults with ID.From 17,358 articles identified, one study was relevant. This study suggested psychological distress is associated with WAIS performance but had methodological issues.There is a dearth of evidence investigating this issue. Questions remain over the evidence base guiding clinical decision making.","PeriodicalId":302131,"journal":{"name":"FPID Bulletin: The Bulletin of the Faculty for People with Intellectual Disabilities","volume":"492 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138992688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.53841/bpsfpid.2023.21.3.50
Jon Codd, Hope Blocksidge, Lara Willis
Online therapy is increasingly popular and necessary. There is little research regarding experiences of psychologists delivering online therapy to people with an intellectual disability. This study used interpretive phenological analysis to explore the experiences of five psychologists delivering online therapy to individuals with an intellectual disability. Four superordinate themes were identified regarding environment, person-centred working, rapport, and clinician ability and experience. Psychologists spoke of prior negative beliefs, challenges and discomforts to video therapy. However, motivation to continue offering therapy to clients overweighed this, with benefits of using video therapy including increased accessibility. A hybrid model including face-to-face and online therapy appears preferable. Training is recommended for supporting clients, and an assessment tool for suitability of online therapy. Further research exploring online therapy experiences of people with intellectual disabilities is required.
{"title":"Conducting video therapy with adults with an intellectual disability: A qualitative study of qualified and trainee NHS psychologists’ experiences","authors":"Jon Codd, Hope Blocksidge, Lara Willis","doi":"10.53841/bpsfpid.2023.21.3.50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53841/bpsfpid.2023.21.3.50","url":null,"abstract":"Online therapy is increasingly popular and necessary. There is little research regarding experiences of psychologists delivering online therapy to people with an intellectual disability. This study used interpretive phenological analysis to explore the experiences of five psychologists delivering online therapy to individuals with an intellectual disability. Four superordinate themes were identified regarding environment, person-centred working, rapport, and clinician ability and experience. Psychologists spoke of prior negative beliefs, challenges and discomforts to video therapy. However, motivation to continue offering therapy to clients overweighed this, with benefits of using video therapy including increased accessibility. A hybrid model including face-to-face and online therapy appears preferable. Training is recommended for supporting clients, and an assessment tool for suitability of online therapy. Further research exploring online therapy experiences of people with intellectual disabilities is required.","PeriodicalId":302131,"journal":{"name":"FPID Bulletin: The Bulletin of the Faculty for People with Intellectual Disabilities","volume":"101 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138993931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.53841/bpsfpid.2023.21.2.51
Chantelle Halford, Ellie McKillop, A. Spencer
The North Thames Special Interest Group Annual Study Day was held in the BPS London Office in December. The day consisted of a business meeting and two presentations from Professor Michelle McCarthy, an expert in the area of sexuality and relationships in individuals with a learning disability. The first presentation focused on the issue of domestic violence affecting women with a learning disability. The second raised awareness of forced marriage of individuals with a learning disability. Both presentations discussed the characteristics, risk factors and considerations for clinicians to be aware of.■This article describes a meeting that many psychology professionals working within learning disability services attended in the North London area.■There was a business meeting in the morning and two presentations by Michelle McCarthy in the afternoon. Michelle McCarthy has done a lot of research on sexuality and relationships for people with a learning disability.■She talked about two dangers that can affect people with a learning disability (domestic violence and forced marriage). The article summarises what the authors learned from both presentations.
{"title":"Event summary: A focus on domestic violence and forced marriage in adults with a learning disability","authors":"Chantelle Halford, Ellie McKillop, A. Spencer","doi":"10.53841/bpsfpid.2023.21.2.51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53841/bpsfpid.2023.21.2.51","url":null,"abstract":"The North Thames Special Interest Group Annual Study Day was held in the BPS London Office in December. The day consisted of a business meeting and two presentations from Professor Michelle McCarthy, an expert in the area of sexuality and relationships in individuals with a learning disability. The first presentation focused on the issue of domestic violence affecting women with a learning disability. The second raised awareness of forced marriage of individuals with a learning disability. Both presentations discussed the characteristics, risk factors and considerations for clinicians to be aware of.■This article describes a meeting that many psychology professionals working within learning disability services attended in the North London area.■There was a business meeting in the morning and two presentations by Michelle McCarthy in the afternoon. Michelle McCarthy has done a lot of research on sexuality and relationships for people with a learning disability.■She talked about two dangers that can affect people with a learning disability (domestic violence and forced marriage). The article summarises what the authors learned from both presentations.","PeriodicalId":302131,"journal":{"name":"FPID Bulletin: The Bulletin of the Faculty for People with Intellectual Disabilities","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133511414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.53841/bpsfpid.2023.21.2.56
J. Roberts, Katie M. Ferrara
{"title":"Event summary: Training, recruitment and retention of clinical psychologists in the learning disability services","authors":"J. Roberts, Katie M. Ferrara","doi":"10.53841/bpsfpid.2023.21.2.56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53841/bpsfpid.2023.21.2.56","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":302131,"journal":{"name":"FPID Bulletin: The Bulletin of the Faculty for People with Intellectual Disabilities","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114620269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.53841/bpsfpid.2023.21.2.43
M. Hearn
This paper describes an audit of completion of psychology risk-screens by psychology staff across a 20-month period, taken at five time-points, in a single North London Borough. A dramatic improvement in completion rate was observed over this period. For the final audit period (May, 2022) the extent of co-occurrence of self-harm/self-injury (SIB) and aggression was assessed and a strong positive association was observed.In our learning disabilities team we need to make sure the people we meet are safe. We ask people if they hurt themselves or other people. We need to keep a note of this so we can try to help. This is called a risk assessment. We had a look at our notes to see if we were good at doing risk assessments. To start with we noticed that we were not doing many. We tried harder. Every few months for nearly two years we checked. In the end we had got a lot better at doing risk assessments. We also found that if someone hurts themself it is more likely that they might try to hurt someone else, even if they do not do this on purpose.
{"title":"An audit of psychology risk screen completion across five time points and consideration of risk content","authors":"M. Hearn","doi":"10.53841/bpsfpid.2023.21.2.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53841/bpsfpid.2023.21.2.43","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes an audit of completion of psychology risk-screens by psychology staff across a 20-month period, taken at five time-points, in a single North London Borough. A dramatic improvement in completion rate was observed over this period. For the final audit period (May, 2022) the extent of co-occurrence of self-harm/self-injury (SIB) and aggression was assessed and a strong positive association was observed.In our learning disabilities team we need to make sure the people we meet are safe. We ask people if they hurt themselves or other people. We need to keep a note of this so we can try to help. This is called a risk assessment. We had a look at our notes to see if we were good at doing risk assessments. To start with we noticed that we were not doing many. We tried harder. Every few months for nearly two years we checked. In the end we had got a lot better at doing risk assessments. We also found that if someone hurts themself it is more likely that they might try to hurt someone else, even if they do not do this on purpose.","PeriodicalId":302131,"journal":{"name":"FPID Bulletin: The Bulletin of the Faculty for People with Intellectual Disabilities","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126646298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.53841/bpsfpid.2023.21.2.5
A. Spencer, J. Crabtree, Jenni Shaw, Catherine Randle-Phillips, K. Theodore, Hayley Thomas, Karen Dodd, Danielle Arnold
■Even though more psychologists are being trained, it can still be hard for Intellectual Disability (ID) services to employ psychologists.■This article talks about the psychology training process and how this might not encourage people to work in ID.■We give some ideas of things that might help during training, so that Trainees can learn more about working in ID services.■We hope this might make them more likely to consider working in ID services.■This is important because if there are not enough psychologists in ID services, people with intellectual disabilities may struggle to find the psychological help they need.
{"title":"Promoting the intellectual disability specialty within clinical psychology training; what are the barriers and how can we overcome them?","authors":"A. Spencer, J. Crabtree, Jenni Shaw, Catherine Randle-Phillips, K. Theodore, Hayley Thomas, Karen Dodd, Danielle Arnold","doi":"10.53841/bpsfpid.2023.21.2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53841/bpsfpid.2023.21.2.5","url":null,"abstract":"■Even though more psychologists are being trained, it can still be hard for Intellectual Disability (ID) services to employ psychologists.■This article talks about the psychology training process and how this might not encourage people to work in ID.■We give some ideas of things that might help during training, so that Trainees can learn more about working in ID services.■We hope this might make them more likely to consider working in ID services.■This is important because if there are not enough psychologists in ID services, people with intellectual disabilities may struggle to find the psychological help they need.","PeriodicalId":302131,"journal":{"name":"FPID Bulletin: The Bulletin of the Faculty for People with Intellectual Disabilities","volume":"194 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124286949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.53841/bpsfpid.2023.21.2.33
Francesca Reyers, Deva D’Cruz
This paper discusses the outcomes of an audit of a Community Learning Disabilities Team (CLDT) dementia pathway in the North East. The audit results were reflected on by two assistant psychologists under the supervision of a principal clinical psychologist. 80 out of 128 recommendations of the NG97 National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines were deemed as not relevant to the CLDT. 45 relevant recommendations were met, three recommendations were deemed as both partially relevant and partially met. It was concluded that these findings highlight a need for intellectual disability-specific recommendations for more standardised dementia pathways within CLDTs.■As individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID) are more likely to be diagnosed with dementia than the general population, it is important to undertake regular audits to ensure that services are delivering the best care in-line with clinical standards.■An audit of the NICE guidelines for Dementia was completed through team meetings of different professionals who work on a CLDT dementia pathway.■Out of 128 recommendations, 80 recommendations were not relevant to the CLDT, 45 recommendations were relevant, and three were partially relevant.■All the relevant recommendations were being met■It was concluded that there is a need for ID-specific guidelines to standardise dementia pathways within CLDTs.
{"title":"A reflection on the importance of standardised Dementia guidelines for intellectual disabilities: A clinical audit","authors":"Francesca Reyers, Deva D’Cruz","doi":"10.53841/bpsfpid.2023.21.2.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53841/bpsfpid.2023.21.2.33","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the outcomes of an audit of a Community Learning Disabilities Team (CLDT) dementia pathway in the North East. The audit results were reflected on by two assistant psychologists under the supervision of a principal clinical psychologist. 80 out of 128 recommendations of the NG97 National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines were deemed as not relevant to the CLDT. 45 relevant recommendations were met, three recommendations were deemed as both partially relevant and partially met. It was concluded that these findings highlight a need for intellectual disability-specific recommendations for more standardised dementia pathways within CLDTs.■As individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID) are more likely to be diagnosed with dementia than the general population, it is important to undertake regular audits to ensure that services are delivering the best care in-line with clinical standards.■An audit of the NICE guidelines for Dementia was completed through team meetings of different professionals who work on a CLDT dementia pathway.■Out of 128 recommendations, 80 recommendations were not relevant to the CLDT, 45 recommendations were relevant, and three were partially relevant.■All the relevant recommendations were being met■It was concluded that there is a need for ID-specific guidelines to standardise dementia pathways within CLDTs.","PeriodicalId":302131,"journal":{"name":"FPID Bulletin: The Bulletin of the Faculty for People with Intellectual Disabilities","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131329767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.53841/bpsfpid.2023.21.2.23
G. Rawlings, N. Beail
While there is an increasing number of studies aimed at better understanding long-Covid, there is a lack of research involving people with intellectual disabilities (ID). We asked 12 psychologists working in long-Covid services, their views of the condition in adults with neurodiversity. While it was relatively common for psychologists to work with people with neurodiversity and long-Covid, eight had never worked with someone with ID in their service. Psychologists identified factors that may be predispose, precipitate, and perpetuate the condition in this group. Data reflects the importance of considering the intersection between ID and long-Covid. Guidelines recommend the adaptations of long-Covid treatments for people with ID; we provide examples of how this could be achieved.■The symptoms that people can experience after recovering from the Covid-19 virus has been called long-Covid or post-Covid syndrome.■While we are learning more about long-Covid, there is little research that includes people with neurodiversity.■Psychologists in services for people with long-Covid do not see people with intellectual disability often.■Our findings can help guide research being conducted in this area, and clinicians who are likely to encounter someone with long-Covid and neurodiversity.
{"title":"Psychologists’ experiences and perspectives of adults with long-Covid and neurodiversity, including intellectual disabilities","authors":"G. Rawlings, N. Beail","doi":"10.53841/bpsfpid.2023.21.2.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53841/bpsfpid.2023.21.2.23","url":null,"abstract":"While there is an increasing number of studies aimed at better understanding long-Covid, there is a lack of research involving people with intellectual disabilities (ID). We asked 12 psychologists working in long-Covid services, their views of the condition in adults with neurodiversity. While it was relatively common for psychologists to work with people with neurodiversity and long-Covid, eight had never worked with someone with ID in their service. Psychologists identified factors that may be predispose, precipitate, and perpetuate the condition in this group. Data reflects the importance of considering the intersection between ID and long-Covid. Guidelines recommend the adaptations of long-Covid treatments for people with ID; we provide examples of how this could be achieved.■The symptoms that people can experience after recovering from the Covid-19 virus has been called long-Covid or post-Covid syndrome.■While we are learning more about long-Covid, there is little research that includes people with neurodiversity.■Psychologists in services for people with long-Covid do not see people with intellectual disability often.■Our findings can help guide research being conducted in this area, and clinicians who are likely to encounter someone with long-Covid and neurodiversity.","PeriodicalId":302131,"journal":{"name":"FPID Bulletin: The Bulletin of the Faculty for People with Intellectual Disabilities","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132551101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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