JRSM Cardiovascular Disease最新文献

Background: A variety of studies have reported the associations between histone deacetylases (HDACs) genes and cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. The identification of variants in the HDACs genes and the determination of risk alleles could open novel therapeutic avenues for these diseases. This article summarized variants in HDACs genes and different sub-types of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases to identify studies published prior to 27 June 2025. We registered this protocol in the PROSPERO database (CRD420251010100). The Venice Criteria were applied to assess the statistically significant associations identified by meta-analyses. The single-nucleotide polymorphisms were mapped to their corresponding genes, and functional annotation was conducted using the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements tool, HaploReg and the UCSC Genome browser. Results: We finally included 34 published studies and 160 datasets to assess the associations between variants in HDAC genes and cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. Rs2107595 in HDAC 9 was the variant found to be associated with four sub-types identified by genome-wide association study or meta-analyses. Rs11984041 was related to ischemic stroke. Rs10230207 and rs2192476 were associated with intracranial aneurysm. Conclusions: HDACs genes were associated with multiple cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. However, ethnic disparities were observed in their effects. Therefore, ethnicity-targeted treatments, including specific HDAC inhibitors, should be developed in the future.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the association between smoking and plasma levels of sCD40L, sP-selectin, and sICAM-1 in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD), and to evaluate their correlations with smoking intensity and coronary anatomical complexity assessed by the SYNTAX score.

Methods: We analyzed data from 244 patients with CHD undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention, categorized into smokers (n = 150) and nonsmokers (n = 94). Smoking intensity was quantified using the smoking index (SI). Plasma biomarker levels were measured via ELISA. SYNTAX scores I and II were assessed by two experienced interventional cardiologists to evaluate coronary lesion complexity. Group comparisons, Spearman's correlation adjusted with the Benjamini-Hochberg method, tests for interaction (Gender × Smoking Status), and multivariate regression models were employed.

Results: Smokers exhibited significantly higher sICAM-1 levels than nonsmokers (662.6 vs. 548.6 ng/ml, P = 0.007). sICAM-1 was an independent risk factor for CHD in smokers (OR = 1.001, 95% CI: 1.00003-1.033, P = 0.043). Strong correlations were observed among all three biomarkers (all P < 0.001). Subgroup analyses showed significant correlations between SI and all three biomarkers, and both SI and sP-selectin correlated positively with SYNTAX scores I and II (all P < 0.01). Formal interaction analysis indicated no significant effect modification by gender on the observed associations (all P >> 0.05).

Conclusion: Elevated levels of sICAM-1, sCD40L, and sP-selectin are interrelated and associated with smoking intensity and coronary anatomical complexity, highlighting their role as key inflammatory mediators in smoking-related CHD.

Background: Climate change and increasing environmental pollution are emerging as significant threats to global health, notably through their impact on cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The World Health Organization (WHO) attributes millions of premature deaths annually to air pollution and extreme temperatures. Despite extensive research on air pollution and temperature extremes separately, their combined effects on cardiovascular health remain inadequately explored.

Methods: We plan to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the impact of climate change, including extremes of temperature and air pollution, on CVD. We will search PubMed, CINAHL, SCOPUS, ClinicalTrials.gov, and additional databases for studies published between August 12, 2019, and August 11, 2024. The review will include observational and quasi-experimental (pre and post-test) studies. Data extraction and quality assessment will be performed using EndNote, Rayyan.ai, and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) quality appraisal tool. The statistical analysis will be conducted using RevMan 5.4, with risk ratios, mean differences, and heterogeneity evaluated.

Discussion: This review aims to synthesize evidence on how ambient air pollutants (PM_2.5, CO, O₃) and extreme temperatures contribute to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. It will highlight the synergistic effects of air pollution and temperature extremes, with a particular focus on low- and middle-income countries where the burden is most pronounced.

Conclusion: By integrating the impacts of both climate change and air pollution on cardiovascular health, this review will provide comprehensive insights into the global health burden of CVD. The findings will inform public health strategies and interventions to mitigate the adverse effects of environmental factors on cardiovascular health.

Background: Statins are the most widely prescribed drugs for dyslipidemia and CAD. But evidence on their cognitive effects is conflicting. A unique genetic makeup and variable lipid patterns make South Asians more susceptible to statin adverse effects. But literature on statin safety in this group is scarce. We aimed to assess the cognitive status of adult Indian statin users over two years and explore factors associated with it.

Methods: A prospective cohort was established for cognitive profiling of adult statin users, visiting the out-patient cardiology department of a tertiary care center in North India. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale measured cognitive function. Analysis was conducted using mixed-effects linear regression modelling to account for repeated measurements.

Results: 273 participants were enrolled. The mean cognitive score was 15. Age and education were significant predictors of cognition (P-value .005 and <.001 respectively). Participants over 60 scored had significantly lower scores and those who had completed secondary school and above scored significantly higher scores. No significant associations were observed between cognitive score and other covariates- sex, follow-up period, statin type and duration of use.

Conclusion: The statins-cognition relationship is controversial. This study demonstrated statistically significant relationships of cognition with age and education and showed no change in cognition over 2 years. The findings provide hypotheses for more in-depth assessments. Statins remain the most effective lipid-lowering treatment. However, further research is warranted for a more holistic understanding of the issue & optimizing their risk-benefit ratio.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the stress hyperglycaemia ratio and haemorrhagic transformation after intravenous thrombolysis in acute ischaemic stroke patients.

Methods: We analysed data in Shanghai General Hospital from 2019 to 2022 on 161 men and 68 women with valid data on fasting blood glucose, glycated haemoglobin, and cranial computed tomography using multivariable regression models to examine the relationship between hyperglycaemia ratio and haemorrhagic transformation.

Results: All 229 patients in this study were included, with 161 males (70.3%) and a mean age of 69.0 (SD = 11.3). According to the median hyperglycaemia ratio (0.87), all patients were divided into two groups (M1 ≤ 0.87). Patients in the M2 group tended to have a higher fasting blood glucose, body mass index, glycated albumin, and apolipoprotein E, while the door-to-needle time in M2 was longer than in M1 (all p values < 0.05). The fasting blood glucose, hyperglycaemia ratio, urea nitrogen, glycated albumin, D-dimer, and the score of NIHSS in the haemorrhagic transformation group were higher than in the non-haemorrhagic transformation group, but the haemoglobin was lower (all p values < 0.05). In the overall population, the hyperglycaemia ratio was associated with haemorrhagic transformation after intravenous thrombolysis before and after full adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, hyperglycaemia ratio, glycated albumin, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein E, door-to-needle time and the score of National Institute of Health Stroke Scale [OR = 3.34, 95% CI: 1.27-7.76].

Conclusions: This result implied that the hyperglycaemia ratio is significantly associated with haemorrhagic transformation after intravenous thrombolysis in stroke patients. The stress hyperglycaemia ratio should be borne in mind after intravenous thrombolysis regarding the incidence of haemorrhagic transformation.

Cardiac tamponade is a rare, life-threatening condition caused by accumulation of pericardial fluid, leading to rapid changes in hemodynamic status. Common causes include cancer, chest trauma, pericarditis, autoimmune diseases, and infectious agents such as viruses, bacteria, and fungi. Patients typically present with symptoms of weakness, chest pain, and shortness of breath. We present the case of a young female who presented with obstructive shock and echocardiographic evidence of tamponade. She was worked up and found to have cardiogenic shock likely secondary to systemic lupus erythematosus and fulminant myopericarditis. Prompt intervention with pericardiocentesis of 250 mL of exudative fluid led to significant improvement in left ventricle function and hemodynamic stability. The case highlights the importance for early recognition and a broad differential diagnosis-including autoimmune causes-when evaluating potential tamponade.

Pregnancy is an exciting time, with great anticipation of the future for the woman and her baby. However, for women with mechanical heart valves (MHVs) pregnancy is a challenging undertaking fraught with risk to them and their baby. This article considers the issues for the woman, highlighting pre-surgical opportunities, pre-pregnancy counselling, the issues to consider with fertility treatment, the options during pregnancy for anti-coagulation management and the recognition and management of complications. This update stresses the complex challenges in the management of women with MHV during pregnancy and the need for specialist multi-disciplinary team involvement.

Objectives: To examine whether the factors determining discharge destination after acute-phase treatment for stroke differ based on recurrence risk levels.

Design: Retrospective study.

Setting: General acute care hospital.

Participants: Acute ischemic stroke survivors (n = 1219).

Main outcome measures: Patients were stratified using the Stroke Prognosis Instrument II (SPI-II) and evaluated through forced-entry multiple logistic regression analysis. Among the independent variables, the primary outcome measure was the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at discharge. Covariates included age, sex, and histories of diabetes, cerebral infarction, cerebral hemorrhage, coronary artery disease, hypertension, and congestive heart failure. The dependent variable grouped participants into those discharged home and those discharged to a medical facility.

Results: Among the 1219 included participants, 914 were classified into the home care group and 305 into the medical facility care group. SPI-II-based stratification revealed that 78.665% of the home care group had a moderate or higher risk of stroke recurrence. Multiple logistic regression analysis demonstrated that mRS at discharge was a significant factor across all stratified models, while age was a significant factor only within the moderate-risk group.

Conclusions: Discharge decisions after acute-phase treatment were primarily influenced by short-term functional independence, as reflected by mRS, rather than recurrence risk levels. Thus, a substantial proportion of stroke survivors with a high recurrence risk transitioned to home care. These findings highlight the need to revise current medical and social welfare services and to develop targeted strategies for stroke recurrence prevention, based on a more detailed understanding of the living environments of stroke survivors.

Significant morbidity and death are connected to cardiovascular disease (CVD), with classic risk factors such as age, sex, smoking, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes accounting for 80% of the risk. The other 20% of risk variables are poorly understood. The influence of marital status is one more element whose function is unclear. A comprehensive literature review was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases and data from the included articles were extracted and analyzed. A meta-analysis was conducted using the findings of the 13 publications. In this study, we evaluated the incidence of CVD across different marital statuses by analyzing 13 cohort studies from 11 countries with 1,809,825 participants. Our results showed no significant differences in CVD incidence among married (HR 1.00, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.84-1.20) and unmarried individuals (HR 1.24, 95% CI 0.95-1.62). Divorced individuals had a 28% higher incidence (HR 1.28, 95% CI 1.14-1.44), and widowed individuals showed a 28% increase (HR 1.28, 95% CI 1.11-1.48). The results show no discernible difference in the incidence of CVD between married and single people. However, divorced and widowed people have a noticeably increased risk of CVD incidence. The high heterogeneity of the research highlights the complexity of the link. These results emphasize how crucial it is to take marital status into account when evaluating CVD risk and developing preventative measures.

Cardiomyopathies are diseases of the heart muscle, characterised by structural and functional abnormalities of the myocardium that are not caused by ischemia, valvular problems or congenital heart disease. They are responsible for one-third of pregnancy-related cardiovascular deaths. A woman may enter pregnancy with a pre-existing diagnosis, or the cardiomyopathy may emerge or develop de novo during pregnancy. The most common cardiomyopathies encountered in pregnancy are dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and peripartum cardiomyopathy. All cardiomyopathies can be complicated by clinical heart failure, arrhythmia and thromboembolic events. Pregnancy may be poorly tolerated in women with dilated cardiomyopathy. New York Heart Association Class (NYHA) III/IV symptoms, and severe left ventricular dysfunction are the main determinants of adverse maternal outcomes. Peripartum cardiomyopathy is a diagnosis of exclusion with symptom onset towards the end of pregnancy, or within a few months following delivery. The management of heart failure and arrhythmias is based upon established guidelines, tailored for the unique considerations of pregnancy. Contemporary data suggests that recovery in cardiac function by 12 months is approximately 60-70% for the peripartum group. Maternal cardiovascular risk can be determined using specific risk-predictive scores. All patients with cardiomyopathy who wish to consider pregnancy should be offered individualized pre-conception and contraceptive counselling by a multidisciplinary team. This article reviews the management of women with cardiomyopathy during pregnancy and breastfeeding, focusing on the essential role of the multidisciplinary team at every stage of pregnancy and postpartum period to improve the maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes.