JRSM Cardiovascular Disease最新文献

In today's world, high variability of body mass index (BMI) is known as a significant global health problem that can lead to many negative impacts on the cardiovascular system, including atrial fibrillation (AF) and coronary heart disease. The current systematic review aims to elucidate the effect of variability in BMI on the risk of cardiovascular outcomes. Four databases, including PubMed, Scopus, MEDLINE, and CENTRAL, were searched. All related articles up to 10 June 2022, were obtained. Titles, abstracts, and full texts were reviewed. After screening abstracts and full texts, four articles were included in our study. In these four cohort studies, 7,038,873 participants from the USA and South Korea were involved. These articles generally considered the BMI and outcomes including cardiovascular disease, AF, and coronary heart disease. All these articles reported an association between the variability of BMI and increased risk of cardiovascular outcomes. Due to the negative impact of the high variability of BMI on the risk of cardiovascular outcomes, health policymakers and practitioners should pay more attention to the significant role of BMI in health problems and physicians might better check the variability of BMI visits to visit.

Background: Intravascular ultrasonography (IVUS) has become an important complementary tool in interventional cardiology, both for preprocedural planning and for optimizing the performance of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, this tool is not free of potential complications, because of that it is essential to be aware of them and their management. Over time, new uses of IVUS have emerged, and it is currently a potential tool for predicting the risk of coronary perforation.

Case report: We present the clinical case of a 51-year-old male patient who was admitted in the context of post-infarction angina. During coronary angiography, the patient presented with two acute complications, one of them associated with IVUS and the other associated with severe coronary calcification that predisposed to coronary perforation. Both complications were successfully treated.

Conclusion: IVUS, although a very useful imaging tool before and during PCI, is not without risk. The overall rate of complications with certain or possible relation to IVUS is 3.9%. Vascular spasm is the most frequent complication and acute vascular occlusion, with the need for emergency coronary artery by-pass grafting, the least frequent. On the other hand, IVUS can predict the risk of developing other complications, such as coronary perforation, by means of the C-CAT sign. Knowledge of the possible complications during PCI and the rapid procedure of the hemodynamic team allows adequate management of these potentially fatal complications.

Background: Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) assessment is necessary for the management of patients with congenital heart diseases (CHD). No study has yet been reported on Cameroonian adolescents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the profile of and look for determinants of HRQoL in adolescents with CHD in Cameroon.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with prospective recruitment carried out on 71 adolescents diagnosed with CHD aged 12 to 18 years and recruited at the Douala General Hospital. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected using a structured questionnaire. HRQoL was assessed using the pediatric quality of life inventory (PedsQL4.0) for child and parent reports. Multivariate linear regression was used to assess the determinants of HRQoL. Differences were considered significant for p < 0.05.

Results: Mean age of participants was 15 ± 2 years with 54.9% women. Mean physical and psychosocial functioning scores were 50.7 ± 13.9 and 60.5 ± 9.6 for parent report and 49.5 ± 13.4 and 59.1 ± 9.1 for child report respectively; with no significant difference according to gender. Distribution of functioning scores according to anatomical complexity showed no significant difference while it was lower in patients with a greater physiological severity and to those with no surgical intervention compared to the others. After multivariate adjustments, physiological stage 3 or 4 was negatively associated while cardiac intervention was positively associated with HRQoL.

Conclusion: CHD adolescents exhibit a low level of quality of life. Cardiac intervention positively affects HRQoL and should be targeted in the reduction of HRQoL burden from CHD in Cameroon.

Background: Lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) is an established casual risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. It remains unknown whether dietary fat modifies the association of Lp(a) with cardiovascular death.

Aim: To understand if dietary fat modifies the association between Lp(a) and cardiovascular death.

Methods: We utilized the Atherosclerotic Risk in Communities (ARIC) study and National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III cohorts and used multivariate cox proportional hazard modeling to test the association between Lp(a), dietary fats, and cardiovascular death.

Results: The sample (n = 22,805) had average age 51.3 years and was mostly female (55.4%). Lp(a) ≥ 30 mg/dL was associated with CV death in both ARIC (1.36, p = 0.001) and NHANES (1.31, p = 0.03). In multivariate analysis, no categorical or individual fatty acids modified the association between Lp(a) and CV death.

Conclusion: There was no evidence that baseline dietary fat intake modified the association between Lp(a) and CV death.

Introduction: Photoplethysmogram signals from wearable devices typically measure heart rate and blood oxygen saturation, but contain a wealth of additional information about the cardiovascular system. In this study, we compared two signal-processing techniques: fiducial point analysis and Symmetric Projection Attractor Reconstruction, on their ability to extract new cardiovascular information from a photoplethysmogram signal. The aim was to identify fiducial point analysis and Symmetric Projection Attractor Reconstruction indices that could classify photoplethysmogram signals, according to age, sex and physical activity.

Methods: Three datasets were used: an in-silico dataset of simulated photoplethysmogram waves for healthy male participants (25-75 years old); an in-vivo dataset containing 10-min photoplethysmogram recordings from 57 healthy subjects at rest (18-39 or > 70 years old; 53% female); and an in-vivo dataset containing photoplethysmogram recordings collected for 4 weeks from a single subject, in daily life. The best-performing indices from the in-silico study (5/48 fiducial point analysis and 6/49 Symmetric Projection Attractor Reconstruction) were applied to the in-vivo datasets.

Results: Key fiducial point analysis and Symmetric Projection Attractor Reconstruction indices, which showed the greatest differences between groups, were found to be consistent across datasets. These indices were related to systolic augmentation, diastolic peak positioning and prominence, and waveform variability. Both fiducial point analysis and Symmetric Projection Attractor Reconstruction techniques provided indices that supported the classification of age and physical activity, but not sex.

Conclusions: Both fiducial point analysis and Symmetric Projection Attractor Reconstruction techniques demonstrated utility in identifying cardiovascular differences between individuals and within an individual over time. Future research should investigate the potential utility of these techniques for extracting information on fitness and disease, to support healthcare-decision making.

Objectives: In order to study the phenotype-genotype relationship and to better understand the early consequences of the mutation, we would report the spectrum of electrocardiographic and genetic features in the relatives of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) patients.

Methods: Participants underwent a comprehensive clinical assessment, electrocardiography, standardized and echocardiography and genetic testing. In probands, next-generation sequencing was performed using the gene panel associated with HCM, while in relatives, Sanger sequencing was used to screen for mutations identified in their individual probands.

Results: A total of 84 participants were included in this study. The interventricular septal and posterior wall thickness was highest in the G+/LVH+ group, followed by the G+/LVH- group, and was lowest in G-/LVH- group. Compared to the normal control group, the pathologic Q wave was statistically more prevalent in the G+/LVH- group. The prevalence of repolarization abnormalities and major abnormalities was highest in the G+/LVH+ group, followed by the G+/LVH- group, and lowest in G-/LVH- group.

Conclusion: Our results suggested that sarcomere mutations have early consequences on myocardial biology. These findings suggest the possibility of implementing a mutation carrier detection model within families affected by HCM, where ECG could play a central role when combined with other relevant clinical factors. Longitudinal studies on a cohort of G+/LVH- patients are required.

Background and objectives: Previous studies suggest a link between high-sensitive cardiac troponin (hs-cTn) levels and coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the nature of this relationship is disputed. To address this, we conducted a study to gather and assess evidence on the association between hs-cTn and CAD prediction.

Data sources: Studies were systematically searched and collected from four databases and different types of gray literature to cover all available evidence. After the screening, the selected articles' quality and risk of bias assessment were evaluated.

Synthesis method: Meta-analysis calculated std. mean difference on the extracted data. Furthermore, heterogeneity, sensitivity, subgroups, and publication bias analyses were assessed.

Results: Twenty-two studies were included in this systematic review, with a total of 844 cases and 2101 control people. The results of the meta-analysis on nine studies showed a significant and positive association between hs-cTn levels and CAD (pooled std. mean difference = 0.44; 95% confidence interval = 0.14-0.73; p < 0.003), with no publication bias (p = 0.9170). Among subgroups, std. mean differences were notably different only when the data were stratified by region or risk of bias; however, subgroup analysis could not determine the source of heterogeneity.

Conclusions: Available prospective studies indicate a strong association of hs-cTn with the risk of CAD and significant improvements in CAD prediction. Further investigations in both molecular and clinical fields with proper methodology and more detailed information are needed to discover more evidence and underlying mechanisms to clear the interactive aspects of hs-cTn level in CAD patients.

Aim: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide and physical activity (PA) practice is recommended as the most efficient preventive measure to curse their burden in sub-Saharan Africa. Our study aimed to compare cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) in adolescents in public and private schools in Cameroon and assess the impact of PA practice.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study on students from private and public secondary schools in the city of Douala. Anthropometric parameters, blood glucose, and blood pressure (BP) were collected. PA was assessed using the short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the influence of PA levels on different CVRFs. The differences were considered significant for p < .05.

Results: We recruited 771 participants, aged 16 ± 1years, 51.4% female, and 48.6% private school students. Prevalence of CVRFs was 38.4%; 11.5%; 5.6%; 5.4%, and 3% for overweight/obesity, abdominal obesity, smoking, glucose homeostasis abnormalities, and high BP (HBP) respectively. Around 41% of participants had low PA level (LPA). Abdominal obesity and LPA were more common among girls (p < .0001 both) and 1.3% of participants had more than four CVRF. In multivariate analysis, LPA was significantly associated with a higher odd of HBP (OR = 7.69; p < .0001).

Conclusion: The prevalence of various CVRF is high among Cameroonian adolescent schoolers. Public policies should focus on prevention programs through physical exercise and the reduction of smoking.

A woman in her mid-twenties was admitted with headache, ultimately leading to a diagnosis of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis 10 days after receiving a first dose of the AstraZeneca ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (Vaxzevria). We report this case from clinical investigations to outcomes and discuss the issues raised by it regarding the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine.