Pub Date : 2019-03-30DOI: 10.18778/1689-4286.44.08
Mieszko Wandowicz
Celem mojego artykułu jest przedstawienie refleksji na temat związku między sposobem istnienia przeszłości (tym, jak wolno ją postrzegać) a podejściem do umierania oraz śmierci. Leżąca u podstaw moich rozważań interpretacja Platońskich słów „μελέτη θανάτου” (Fedon, 81 a) w zestawieniu z Parmenidejskim „τὸ γὰρ αὐτὸ νοεῖν ἐστίν τε καὶ εἶναι” (Περί φύσεως, B3) wydaje się dozwolonym i korzystnym intelektualnie rezultatem spojrzenia na te wyimki w świetle ἄσκησις: filozofii pojmowanej jako sposób rozumnego życia-umierania. Jednym z ważnych przesłań filozofii starożytnej zdaje się pogląd, że to, o czym da się pomyśleć, musi istnieć. Wówczas — jako że myślenie (wspominanie) o tym, co wydarzone, jawi się rzetelniejsze niż przewidywanie tego, co dopiero się zdarzy — należy przydać przeszłości odmienny status ontyczny aniżeli przyszłości. Jeśli zaś sięgnąć, dla przykładu, po współczesną teorię rosnącego wszechświata (C. D. Broad; growing [block] universe theory), wtedy wolno — być może — uznać czyjąś śmierć za kolejną warstwę jego istnienia, nie destruującą warstw poprzednich. Pozwala to zmienić postrzeganie przyszłego bądź aktualnego „braku” osoby zmarłej, jak i nieuniknionego zbliżania się (do) śmierci.
{"title":"Sposób postrzegania przeszłości jako światło dla μελέτη θανάτου. Przyczynek z odniesieniem do myśli parmenidesa z elei (B3)","authors":"Mieszko Wandowicz","doi":"10.18778/1689-4286.44.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1689-4286.44.08","url":null,"abstract":"Celem mojego artykułu jest przedstawienie refleksji na temat związku między sposobem istnienia przeszłości (tym, jak wolno ją postrzegać) a podejściem do umierania oraz śmierci. Leżąca u podstaw moich rozważań interpretacja Platońskich słów „μελέτη θανάτου” (Fedon, 81 a) w zestawieniu z Parmenidejskim „τὸ γὰρ αὐτὸ νοεῖν ἐστίν τε καὶ εἶναι” (Περί φύσεως, B3) wydaje się dozwolonym i korzystnym intelektualnie rezultatem spojrzenia na te wyimki w świetle ἄσκησις: filozofii pojmowanej jako sposób rozumnego życia-umierania. Jednym z ważnych przesłań filozofii starożytnej zdaje się pogląd, że to, o czym da się pomyśleć, musi istnieć. Wówczas — jako że myślenie (wspominanie) o tym, co wydarzone, jawi się rzetelniejsze niż przewidywanie tego, co dopiero się zdarzy — należy przydać przeszłości odmienny status ontyczny aniżeli przyszłości. Jeśli zaś sięgnąć, dla przykładu, po współczesną teorię rosnącego wszechświata (C. D. Broad; growing [block] universe theory), wtedy wolno — być może — uznać czyjąś śmierć za kolejną warstwę jego istnienia, nie destruującą warstw poprzednich. Pozwala to zmienić postrzeganie przyszłego bądź aktualnego „braku” osoby zmarłej, jak i nieuniknionego zbliżania się (do) śmierci.","PeriodicalId":30478,"journal":{"name":"HYBRIS Revista de Filosofia","volume":"90 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83536320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-30DOI: 10.18778/1689-4286.44.06
Tommaso Ostillio
This research study focuses on the problem of populistic propaganda online. In particular, this research study provides three case studies gathered in a Facebook Group of the Italian populistic movement Movimento 5 Stelle. On the one hand, the three case studies provide three powerful counterexamples to the thesis that online media are purposeful aggregator of people. In fact, this research study finds that online media are the perfect environment for populism to thrive. For online media seem to foster the aggregation of people into groups whose main common denominator is the total refusal of anything that opposes the groups’ views. On this basis, this paper provides evidence that online media may impoverish democratic confrontation. On the other hand, this paper finds that the one of the causes of the rapid rise of populistic movements in Western countries might also be related to the problem of cognitive biases. Indeed, the case studies presented in the paper posit the existence of something that is addressed as the trigger effect, i.e. agents’ tendency to react impulsively to any kind of content that fits agent’s views about current events. Specifically, this research study finds that the activation of the trigger effect might be a direct consequence of the activation of the narrow framing bias and of the anchoring heuristic in presence of fake news.
{"title":"The Trigger Effect: Cognitive Biases and Fake News","authors":"Tommaso Ostillio","doi":"10.18778/1689-4286.44.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1689-4286.44.06","url":null,"abstract":"This research study focuses on the problem of populistic propaganda online. In particular, this research study provides three case studies gathered in a Facebook Group of the Italian populistic movement Movimento 5 Stelle. \u0000On the one hand, the three case studies provide three powerful counterexamples to the thesis that online media are purposeful aggregator of people. In fact, this research study finds that online media are the perfect environment for populism to thrive. For online media seem to foster the aggregation of people into groups whose main common denominator is the total refusal of anything that opposes the groups’ views. On this basis, this paper provides evidence that online media may impoverish democratic confrontation. \u0000On the other hand, this paper finds that the one of the causes of the rapid rise of populistic movements in Western countries might also be related to the problem of cognitive biases. Indeed, the case studies presented in the paper posit the existence of something that is addressed as the trigger effect, i.e. agents’ tendency to react impulsively to any kind of content that fits agent’s views about current events. Specifically, this research study finds that the activation of the trigger effect might be a direct consequence of the activation of the narrow framing bias and of the anchoring heuristic in presence of fake news.","PeriodicalId":30478,"journal":{"name":"HYBRIS Revista de Filosofia","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88788105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-30DOI: 10.18778/1689-4286.44.11
Wojciech Graboń
Aspects of the Norm. The Holistic Model of the Legal Norm in the Context of Wittgenstein’s Perception In Polish legal theory there is a generally accepted distinction between legal norms (normative standards) and legal provisions (independent editorial units of a legal text). One of the most developed theories of the interpretation of law, the derivative theory of M. Zieliński , however, also includes the postulate of the reconstruction of the entire legal system as one comprehensive norm (the so-called holistic approach) in the process of applying the law. This postulate stems mainly from assumptions regarding the adopted methods of interpretation. The holistic approach has often been criticized as inadequate in pragmatic terms, but the derivative theory has not yet been thoroughly modified in this respect. In this paper, I propose to apply Wittgenstein's concept of aspect perception as providing adequate conceptual framework to describe the mechanism of identifying relevant parts of the legal norm that deals with the pragmatic inadequacy of the holistic approach, but does not affect the core of the derivative theory of interpretation.
{"title":"Aspekty normy – problem holistycznego ujęcia wzorca normatywnego w świetle myśli późnego Wittgensteina","authors":"Wojciech Graboń","doi":"10.18778/1689-4286.44.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1689-4286.44.11","url":null,"abstract":"Aspects of the Norm. The Holistic Model of the Legal Norm in the Context of Wittgenstein’s Perception In Polish legal theory there is a generally accepted distinction between legal norms (normative standards) and legal provisions (independent editorial units of a legal text). One of the most developed theories of the interpretation of law, the derivative theory of M. Zieliński , however, also includes the postulate of the reconstruction of the entire legal system as one comprehensive norm (the so-called holistic approach) in the process of applying the law. This postulate stems mainly from assumptions regarding the adopted methods of interpretation. The holistic approach has often been criticized as inadequate in pragmatic terms, but the derivative theory has not yet been thoroughly modified in this respect. In this paper, I propose to apply Wittgenstein's concept of aspect perception as providing adequate conceptual framework to describe the mechanism of identifying relevant parts of the legal norm that deals with the pragmatic inadequacy of the holistic approach, but does not affect the core of the derivative theory of interpretation.","PeriodicalId":30478,"journal":{"name":"HYBRIS Revista de Filosofia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82931465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-30DOI: 10.18778/1689-4286.44.07
Maria Ebner
Various answers to the skeptical argument The aim of this paper is to present various answers to the skeptical argument and propose an alternative solution. Suggested solution refers to the results of empirical research which lead to abandonment of entailment thesis concerning knowledge. My answer is contextualist inasmuch as it recognizes the existence of different concepts of knowledge. The applicability of these concepts depends on the situation; in a skeptical context the concept of knowledge is not accompanied by appropriate belief, and in ordinary contexts knowledge requires a belief of specific content.
{"title":"Wybrane odpowiedzi na argument sceptyczny","authors":"Maria Ebner","doi":"10.18778/1689-4286.44.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1689-4286.44.07","url":null,"abstract":"Various answers to the skeptical argument The aim of this paper is to present various answers to the skeptical argument and propose an alternative solution. Suggested solution refers to the results of empirical research which lead to abandonment of entailment thesis concerning knowledge. My answer is contextualist inasmuch as it recognizes the existence of different concepts of knowledge. The applicability of these concepts depends on the situation; in a skeptical context the concept of knowledge is not accompanied by appropriate belief, and in ordinary contexts knowledge requires a belief of specific content.","PeriodicalId":30478,"journal":{"name":"HYBRIS Revista de Filosofia","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80458639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-30DOI: 10.18778/1689-4286.44.09
K. Lenart
Esencjalizm jest teorią, zgodnie z którą pewna klasa bytów posiada własności istotne. Dla przykładu esencjalizm w odniesieniu do organizmów żywych postuluje, że każdy organizm posiada nietrywialne własności istotne w postaci swego pochodzenia (Robertson 1998; Kripke 2001). Ponadto, ujmując rzecz bardziej ogólnie, esencjalizm może dotyczyć klasy przedmiotów indywidualnych, rozumianych jako przedmioty konkretne, czasoprzestrzenne (np. „Sokrates jest istotnie rozumny”, „Stół s jest istotnie zbudowany z bryły materii m”), bądź klasy przedmiotów ogólnych, rozumianych jako przedmioty abstrakcyjne takie jak własności, znaczenia wyrażeń (np. „Woda jest istotnie H2O”) (Lowe 2008; Rocca-Royes 2011; Ujvari 2013). W niniejszych rozważaniach interesować będzie mnie wyłącznie pierwszy wariant esencjalizmu. We współczesnej literaturze dotyczącej esencjalizmu istnieją dwa różne sposoby jego charakteryzacji: modalne (Plantinga 1979a, 1979b; Mackie 2006; Roca-Royes 2011) oraz definicyjne (Fince 1994; Lowe 2008; Correia 2017). W artykule skupiam się na pierwszym z nich. Zgodnie z jego podstawowym sformułowaniem esencjalizm modalny definiuje własność istotną jako własność, którą dany
{"title":"Esencjalizm, antyhaecceityzm i haecceityzm","authors":"K. Lenart","doi":"10.18778/1689-4286.44.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1689-4286.44.09","url":null,"abstract":"Esencjalizm jest teorią, zgodnie z którą pewna klasa bytów posiada własności istotne. Dla przykładu esencjalizm w odniesieniu do organizmów żywych postuluje, że każdy organizm posiada nietrywialne własności istotne w postaci swego pochodzenia (Robertson 1998; Kripke 2001). Ponadto, ujmując rzecz bardziej ogólnie, esencjalizm może dotyczyć klasy przedmiotów indywidualnych, rozumianych jako przedmioty konkretne, czasoprzestrzenne (np. „Sokrates jest istotnie rozumny”, „Stół s jest istotnie zbudowany z bryły materii m”), bądź klasy przedmiotów ogólnych, rozumianych jako przedmioty abstrakcyjne takie jak własności, znaczenia wyrażeń (np. „Woda jest istotnie H2O”) (Lowe 2008; Rocca-Royes 2011; Ujvari 2013). W niniejszych rozważaniach interesować będzie mnie wyłącznie pierwszy wariant esencjalizmu. We współczesnej literaturze dotyczącej esencjalizmu istnieją dwa różne sposoby jego charakteryzacji: modalne (Plantinga 1979a, 1979b; Mackie 2006; Roca-Royes 2011) oraz definicyjne (Fince 1994; Lowe 2008; Correia 2017). W artykule skupiam się na pierwszym z nich. Zgodnie z jego podstawowym sformułowaniem esencjalizm modalny definiuje własność istotną jako własność, którą dany","PeriodicalId":30478,"journal":{"name":"HYBRIS Revista de Filosofia","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81709307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-30DOI: 10.18778/1689-4286.44.01
Krystian Bogucki
‘Mathematics in its entirety is really geometry’. Gottlob Frege’s view of the foundations of mathematics after the fall of logicist program Gottlob Frege abandoned his logicist program after Bertrand Russell had discovered that some assumptions of Frege’s system lead to contradiction (so called Russell’s paradox). Nevertheless, he proposed a new attempt for the foundations of mathematics in two last years of his life. According to this new program, the whole of mathematics is based on the geometrical source of knowledge. By the geometrical source of cognition Frege meant intuition which is the source of an infinite number of objects in arithmetic. In this article, I describe this final attempt of Frege to provide the foundations of mathematics. Furthermore, I compare Frege’s views of intuition from The Foundations of Arithmetic (and his later views) with the Kantian conception of pure intuition as the source of geometrical axioms. In the conclusion of the essay, I examine some implications for the debate between Hans Sluga and Michael Dummett concerning the realistic and idealistic interpretations of Frege ’s philosophy.
{"title":"„Cała matematyka to właściwie geometria”. Poglądy Gottloba Fregego na podstawy matematyki po upadku logicyzmu","authors":"Krystian Bogucki","doi":"10.18778/1689-4286.44.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1689-4286.44.01","url":null,"abstract":"‘Mathematics in its entirety is really geometry’. Gottlob Frege’s view of the foundations of mathematics after the fall of logicist program Gottlob Frege abandoned his logicist program after Bertrand Russell had discovered that some assumptions of Frege’s system lead to contradiction (so called Russell’s paradox). Nevertheless, he proposed a new attempt for the foundations of mathematics in two last years of his life. According to this new program, the whole of mathematics is based on the geometrical source of knowledge. By the geometrical source of cognition Frege meant intuition which is the source of an infinite number of objects in arithmetic. In this article, I describe this final attempt of Frege to provide the foundations of mathematics. Furthermore, I compare Frege’s views of intuition from The Foundations of Arithmetic (and his later views) with the Kantian conception of pure intuition as the source of geometrical axioms. In the conclusion of the essay, I examine some implications for the debate between Hans Sluga and Michael Dummett concerning the realistic and idealistic interpretations of Frege ’s philosophy.","PeriodicalId":30478,"journal":{"name":"HYBRIS Revista de Filosofia","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88946538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-30DOI: 10.18778/1689-4286.44.04
Alicja Neumann
Philosophical and psychological analysis of moral choices the The moral choices made both in the context of everyday life and in the reality of war fascinate psychologists and philosophers focused on experimental research on intuition. In particular, in many psychological articles, the decisions made by the subjects in different variations of the trolley problem are analyzed. Most often, complex stories are presented for respondents and they can choose between two or three options to solve the problem, but it is required to indicate the option that respondent would choose if he/she found himself in the described situation. However, technological development allows the use of increasingly emotionally engaging methods of putting subjects in such dilemmas, including computer games such as This War of Mine , by 11 bit studios. In this paper selected moral choices that players in This War of Mine are facing are considered together with the decisions that were most often made in response to them, based on pilot study. The results of these analyses will be combined with data from psychological research on moral intuitions in various dilemma situations. The aim of the proposed considerations will be to answer the question whether the context of everyday life versus the reality of war affects the change of intuition regarding just action. The significance of this kind of research for philosophical inquiry into the ethics of war will also be discussed.
道德选择的哲学和心理学分析在日常生活和战争现实中做出的道德选择吸引了专注于直觉实验研究的心理学家和哲学家。特别是，在许多心理学文章中，研究对象在不同的电车问题中所做的决定。大多数情况下，复杂的故事呈现给受访者，他们可以选择两到三个选项来解决问题，但需要指出，如果他/她发现自己在所描述的情况下，受访者会选择的选项。然而，随着技术的发展，人们可以使用越来越多的情感投入方法，将主题置于这种困境中，包括11位工作室的电脑游戏，如《This War of Mine》。本文基于初步研究，将《这是我的战争》中玩家所面临的道德选择与最常做出的回应决策结合在一起进行考虑。这些分析结果将与各种困境情境下道德直觉的心理学研究数据相结合。拟议审议的目的是回答这样一个问题，即日常生活的背景与战争的现实是否会影响关于正义行动的直觉的变化。本文还将讨论这种研究对战争伦理哲学探究的意义。
{"title":"Filozoficzna i psychologiczna analiza wyborów moralnych w grze This War of Mine","authors":"Alicja Neumann","doi":"10.18778/1689-4286.44.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1689-4286.44.04","url":null,"abstract":"Philosophical and psychological analysis of moral choices the The moral choices made both in the context of everyday life and in the reality of war fascinate psychologists and philosophers focused on experimental research on intuition. In particular, in many psychological articles, the decisions made by the subjects in different variations of the trolley problem are analyzed. Most often, complex stories are presented for respondents and they can choose between two or three options to solve the problem, but it is required to indicate the option that respondent would choose if he/she found himself in the described situation. However, technological development allows the use of increasingly emotionally engaging methods of putting subjects in such dilemmas, including computer games such as This War of Mine , by 11 bit studios. In this paper selected moral choices that players in This War of Mine are facing are considered together with the decisions that were most often made in response to them, based on pilot study. The results of these analyses will be combined with data from psychological research on moral intuitions in various dilemma situations. The aim of the proposed considerations will be to answer the question whether the context of everyday life versus the reality of war affects the change of intuition regarding just action. The significance of this kind of research for philosophical inquiry into the ethics of war will also be discussed.","PeriodicalId":30478,"journal":{"name":"HYBRIS Revista de Filosofia","volume":"2012 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73951873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-30DOI: 10.18778/1689-4286.44.05
M. Kowalczyk
{"title":"Prawda jako narzędzie transgresji. Parezja a postawa nowoczesności w filozofii Michela Foucaulta","authors":"M. Kowalczyk","doi":"10.18778/1689-4286.44.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1689-4286.44.05","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":30478,"journal":{"name":"HYBRIS Revista de Filosofia","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76554310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-30DOI: 10.18778/1689-4286.44.10
Jędrzej Janicki
Comparative Analysis of Anti-essentialist and The aim of this article is to assess critically and compare Morris Weitz’s anti- essentialist theory of art to George Dickie’s institutional one. The comparison is based on a so-called Auschwitz incydent . The article shows both differences and similarities in described theories. The scope of interest is limited to the XXth Century art, since works from this period question traditionally understood meaning of art. In the article are also briefly mentioned other concepts of art (e.g. Clive Bell’s) and the idea of artworld proposed by Arthur C. Danto, which served later as basis for other theories. The article shows that the two described theories are rather complementary than contradictory to each other.
{"title":"Analiza porównawcza antyesencjalistycznej i instytucjonalnej teorii sztuki","authors":"Jędrzej Janicki","doi":"10.18778/1689-4286.44.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1689-4286.44.10","url":null,"abstract":"Comparative Analysis of Anti-essentialist and The aim of this article is to assess critically and compare Morris Weitz’s anti- essentialist theory of art to George Dickie’s institutional one. The comparison is based on a so-called Auschwitz incydent . The article shows both differences and similarities in described theories. The scope of interest is limited to the XXth Century art, since works from this period question traditionally understood meaning of art. In the article are also briefly mentioned other concepts of art (e.g. Clive Bell’s) and the idea of artworld proposed by Arthur C. Danto, which served later as basis for other theories. The article shows that the two described theories are rather complementary than contradictory to each other.","PeriodicalId":30478,"journal":{"name":"HYBRIS Revista de Filosofia","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78678781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-30DOI: 10.18778/1689-4286.44.03
Piotr M. Sękowski
The argument tu quoque is widely called a logical fallacy. The aim of this study is to show, that this theorem is ill-considered. The text is focused on the analysis of various examples of tu quoque . This analysis leads to the conclusion that there are logically correct tu quoque . There are giv-en some examples of such tu quoque . Main theorem of the article is that tu quoque is correct if it’ s used as some kind of mental shortcut refer-ring to other arguments.
{"title":"Logicznie poprawny argument tu quoque","authors":"Piotr M. Sękowski","doi":"10.18778/1689-4286.44.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1689-4286.44.03","url":null,"abstract":"The argument tu quoque is widely called a logical fallacy. The aim of this study is to show, that this theorem is ill-considered. The text is focused on the analysis of various examples of tu quoque . This analysis leads to the conclusion that there are logically correct tu quoque . There are giv-en some examples of such tu quoque . Main theorem of the article is that tu quoque is correct if it’ s used as some kind of mental shortcut refer-ring to other arguments.","PeriodicalId":30478,"journal":{"name":"HYBRIS Revista de Filosofia","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73684472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：