Pub Date : 2019-09-30DOI: 10.31703/gpr.2019(iv-iii).06
Muhammad Ali Shaikh, S. John, A. Samson
The death of Pakistans Chief of Army Staff and President, General Ziaul Haq, with several senior army officers in a plane crash in August 1988 ushered Pakistan in utter chaos and uncertainty. Though his successors in power positions ruled in favor of democracy, the elections were heavily influenced to in favor of pro-establishment parties and against PPP and its leader Benazir Bhutto. The policies adopted and actions taken by the holders of Constitutional offices and prime state institutions subjected the country to political fragmentation. The present study takes stock of the political developments taking place from the death of General Ziaul Haq till the formation of the new political governments in the Center and provinces in December 1988.
{"title":"Pale Dawn of Democracy: Post Ziaul Haq political developments and 1988 Elections in Pakistan","authors":"Muhammad Ali Shaikh, S. John, A. Samson","doi":"10.31703/gpr.2019(iv-iii).06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2019(iv-iii).06","url":null,"abstract":"The death of Pakistans Chief of Army Staff and President, General Ziaul Haq, with several senior army officers in a plane crash in August 1988 ushered Pakistan in utter chaos and uncertainty. Though his successors in power positions ruled in favor of democracy, the elections were heavily influenced to in favor of pro-establishment parties and against PPP and its leader Benazir Bhutto. The policies adopted and actions taken by the holders of Constitutional offices and prime state institutions subjected the country to political fragmentation. The present study takes stock of the political developments taking place from the death of General Ziaul Haq till the formation of the new political governments in the Center and provinces in December 1988.","PeriodicalId":30483,"journal":{"name":"Palestrica mileniului III","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82843763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-30DOI: 10.31703/ger.2019(iv-iii).05
Neelofar Ihsan, Sana Ullah, Hina Malik
This modern world cannot be encountered alone; therefore, states are preferring to involve in regional blocs. This is the century of trade and commerce. This is the era of economic development. It is due to regionalism in politics that SCO formed in the last decade of the 20th century with the initial name of Shanghai five with the purpose of the economic integration of Central Asian Republics. CARs were facing serious economic depression, and ethnic diversity in these states made the situation worse. Islamic fundamentalism was also posing a challenge to the ruling authorities in this whole region. On the other hand, the US wants to access the energy recourses of Central Asia. Although SCO members have a common interest in the exploitation of energy resources, expansion and improvement of transportation, expansion of trade links will move further towards the formation of a common economic market.
{"title":"Regional Politics in Economic Perspective: A Case Study of Shanghai Cooperation Organization","authors":"Neelofar Ihsan, Sana Ullah, Hina Malik","doi":"10.31703/ger.2019(iv-iii).05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31703/ger.2019(iv-iii).05","url":null,"abstract":"This modern world cannot be encountered alone; therefore, states are preferring to involve in regional blocs. This is the century of trade and commerce. This is the era of economic development. It is due to regionalism in politics that SCO formed in the last decade of the 20th century with the initial name of Shanghai five with the purpose of the economic integration of Central Asian Republics. CARs were facing serious economic depression, and ethnic diversity in these states made the situation worse. Islamic fundamentalism was also posing a challenge to the ruling authorities in this whole region. On the other hand, the US wants to access the energy recourses of Central Asia. Although SCO members have a common interest in the exploitation of energy resources, expansion and improvement of transportation, expansion of trade links will move further towards the formation of a common economic market.","PeriodicalId":30483,"journal":{"name":"Palestrica mileniului III","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79228949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-30DOI: 10.31703/ger.2019(iv-iii).03
Muhammad Yusuf Amin
This study explores the impact of state ownership on the performance of Chinese listed firms. This study uses annual data of 143, state-owned 1,235, private enterprises for a period of 2011 to 2015. We use Ordinary Least Square method to find whether firm profitability and ownership are associated with each other or not. The results of whole sample indicate that over all firm performance and state ownership are negatively associated in China. However, the negative connection between state ownership and financial performance changes as we run the regression across different sectors.
{"title":"Does the Impact of State Ownership on Financial Performance of Firms Vary across different Sectors in China?","authors":"Muhammad Yusuf Amin","doi":"10.31703/ger.2019(iv-iii).03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31703/ger.2019(iv-iii).03","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores the impact of state ownership on the performance of Chinese listed firms. This study uses annual data of 143, state-owned 1,235, private enterprises for a period of 2011 to 2015. We use Ordinary Least Square method to find whether firm profitability and ownership are associated with each other or not. The results of whole sample indicate that over all firm performance and state ownership are negatively associated in China. However, the negative connection between state ownership and financial performance changes as we run the regression across different sectors.","PeriodicalId":30483,"journal":{"name":"Palestrica mileniului III","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78882218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-30DOI: 10.31703/gpr.2019(iv-iii).01
Muhammad Atif Shahzad, Zahid Yousaf
The term media sociology most often refers to the study of various influences on media content, it encompasses the factors shaping media content for certain effects. Studies that look into the socialization of media workers, their professional attitude and many other things associated with them, found the absence of objectivity and abundance of biases in media content. They present a clear-cut version that whatever masses consume is the mediated content in one way or another. Whereas, some studies seem to declare objectivity in media content not more than a myth. This review article solely revolves around the question “what factors inside and outside of the media organizations influence the media content?” The researchers reviewed a large number of research articles and dissertations regarding media sociology and added valuable contribution to literature.
{"title":"Media Sociology: An Appraisal","authors":"Muhammad Atif Shahzad, Zahid Yousaf","doi":"10.31703/gpr.2019(iv-iii).01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2019(iv-iii).01","url":null,"abstract":"The term media sociology most often refers to the study of various influences on media content, it encompasses the factors shaping media content for certain effects. Studies that look into the socialization of media workers, their professional attitude and many other things associated with them, found the absence of objectivity and abundance of biases in media content. They present a clear-cut version that whatever masses consume is the mediated content in one way or another. Whereas, some studies seem to declare objectivity in media content not more than a myth. This review article solely revolves around the question “what factors inside and outside of the media organizations influence the media content?” The researchers reviewed a large number of research articles and dissertations regarding media sociology and added valuable contribution to literature.","PeriodicalId":30483,"journal":{"name":"Palestrica mileniului III","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90877561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-30DOI: 10.31703/ger.2019(iv-iii).07
A. Shah, S. Khan, Iftikhar Ali
This paper is about the linkage between party's ideological orientation and subsequent education reforms once they come into government after winning elections by taking Pakistan Tehreek e Insaaf in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa as a case study. It was found that though the improvement was made in certain aspects of education like budgetary allocation, erection of monitoring mechanisms and healthy up rise movement in enrolment. However, they were found wanting on one crucial front: reforms in textbooks and curriculum. Certain changes were made at the cost of others that came under criticism from some segment of society which again led to the Islamization of curriculum. The province had long struggled to make some healthy changes in the books by the previous government, but all this was revised by the incumbent government. Data was collected through secondary sources by consulting books, research paper, reports and newspaper articles.
{"title":"Ideological Partisan of Political Parties and Reforms in Education: A Study of Pakistan Tehreek e Insaf Government in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (2013-18)","authors":"A. Shah, S. Khan, Iftikhar Ali","doi":"10.31703/ger.2019(iv-iii).07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31703/ger.2019(iv-iii).07","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is about the linkage between party's ideological orientation and subsequent education reforms once they come into government after winning elections by taking Pakistan Tehreek e Insaaf in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa as a case study. It was found that though the improvement was made in certain aspects of education like budgetary allocation, erection of monitoring mechanisms and healthy up rise movement in enrolment. However, they were found wanting on one crucial front: reforms in textbooks and curriculum. Certain changes were made at the cost of others that came under criticism from some segment of society which again led to the Islamization of curriculum. The province had long struggled to make some healthy changes in the books by the previous government, but all this was revised by the incumbent government. Data was collected through secondary sources by consulting books, research paper, reports and newspaper articles.","PeriodicalId":30483,"journal":{"name":"Palestrica mileniului III","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81234067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-30DOI: 10.31703/gpr.2019(iv-iii).03
M. A. Shah, I. Ahmad, M. A. Maqbool
The use of smartphones has enormously increased among students around the world. Few studies have focused on this critical issue in Pakistan. This study examined the influence of Smartphone addiction in Pakistan. A survey questionnaire was utilized to collect data consisting of three dimensions: (a) Smartphone usage, (b) textbook use, and (c) self-study. A total of 401 university students responded to the survey. The data were analyzed by calculating descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test, and ANOVA. The results showed significant differences in students' perceptions of all three dimensions of the questionnaire regarding gender, age, Grade Point Average (GPA), and year (academic session). Male students were found to have a higher tendency towards Smartphone use than female students compared to textbook use and self-study. The results of this study have broader policy implications for researchers and teachers of higher education.
{"title":"SMARTPHONE ADDICTION: A BOON OR BANE FOR PAKISTANI UNIVERSITY STUDENTS","authors":"M. A. Shah, I. Ahmad, M. A. Maqbool","doi":"10.31703/gpr.2019(iv-iii).03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2019(iv-iii).03","url":null,"abstract":"The use of smartphones has enormously increased among students around the world. Few studies have focused on this critical issue in Pakistan. This study examined the influence of Smartphone addiction in Pakistan. A survey questionnaire was utilized to collect data consisting of three dimensions: (a) Smartphone usage, (b) textbook use, and (c) self-study. A total of 401 university students responded to the survey. The data were analyzed by calculating descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test, and ANOVA. The results showed significant differences in students' perceptions of all three dimensions of the questionnaire regarding gender, age, Grade Point Average (GPA), and year (academic session). Male students were found to have a higher tendency towards Smartphone use than female students compared to textbook use and self-study. The results of this study have broader policy implications for researchers and teachers of higher education.","PeriodicalId":30483,"journal":{"name":"Palestrica mileniului III","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89943582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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