Pub Date : 2023-09-29DOI: 10.37482/issn2221-2698.2023.52.199
Aleksandr A. Suleymanov, Vasiliy M. Lytkin, Liliya I. Vinokurova, Stepan A. Grigoryev, Svyatoslav I. Fedorov, Viktoriya Yu. Golomareva, Nikolay I. Basharin, Dmitriy A. Aprosimov
During the period of global climate change, the territories of the Russian Federation, within which permafrost is widespread, are at particular risk. The aim of this article is to identify the social consequences of permafrost degradation on the example of a number of rural settlements in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and to determine the emerging mechanisms of adaptation to the challenges associated with changes in the habitual state of the environment. In this regard, for the first time, the villages of Amga, Yunkur, Argakhtakh, Lippe-Atakh and Ulakhan-An, located in Yakutia, were the focus of relevant interdisciplinary research conducted during 2019–2022. The work in these settlements made it possible to establish local features of both the consequences of the degradation of permafrost and the specifics of their perception by the local population. It is noted that in the rural settlements studied, permafrost degradation limits the development of traditional economic activities, including among the Arctic and Subarctic indigenous population, limits the possibilities for the spatial development of settlements, leads to problems with the safety of the housing stock, and hinders transport communication. The observed changes entail an increase in the financial burden on the population, economic entities and local administrations, and negatively affect the social well-being of the inhabitants of the studied villages. At the same time, the conducted research allowed to reveal that the mechanisms of adaptation and sustainability of rural communities that are being formed in this regard are largely based on traditions of rural mutual assistance.
{"title":"Rural Communities of Yakutia in Conditions of Permafrost Degradation: Key Risks, Social Consequences, and Adaptation Mechanisms","authors":"Aleksandr A. Suleymanov, Vasiliy M. Lytkin, Liliya I. Vinokurova, Stepan A. Grigoryev, Svyatoslav I. Fedorov, Viktoriya Yu. Golomareva, Nikolay I. Basharin, Dmitriy A. Aprosimov","doi":"10.37482/issn2221-2698.2023.52.199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37482/issn2221-2698.2023.52.199","url":null,"abstract":"During the period of global climate change, the territories of the Russian Federation, within which permafrost is widespread, are at particular risk. The aim of this article is to identify the social consequences of permafrost degradation on the example of a number of rural settlements in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and to determine the emerging mechanisms of adaptation to the challenges associated with changes in the habitual state of the environment. In this regard, for the first time, the villages of Amga, Yunkur, Argakhtakh, Lippe-Atakh and Ulakhan-An, located in Yakutia, were the focus of relevant interdisciplinary research conducted during 2019–2022. The work in these settlements made it possible to establish local features of both the consequences of the degradation of permafrost and the specifics of their perception by the local population. It is noted that in the rural settlements studied, permafrost degradation limits the development of traditional economic activities, including among the Arctic and Subarctic indigenous population, limits the possibilities for the spatial development of settlements, leads to problems with the safety of the housing stock, and hinders transport communication. The observed changes entail an increase in the financial burden on the population, economic entities and local administrations, and negatively affect the social well-being of the inhabitants of the studied villages. At the same time, the conducted research allowed to reveal that the mechanisms of adaptation and sustainability of rural communities that are being formed in this regard are largely based on traditions of rural mutual assistance.","PeriodicalId":30489,"journal":{"name":"Arktika i Sever","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135294524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-29DOI: 10.37482/issn2221-2698.2023.52.44
Sergey Yu. Kozmenko, Arina S. Kozmenko
The special military operation (SMO) organically fits into the logic of the century-long confrontation between Russia and Britain, and later — the USA, known since the late 18th century as the “Great Game”. One of the goals of the SMO on a national scale is not only to restore Russia’s dominance in the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov, but also to counteract the achievement of such a goal by NATO countries. Russia uses various sources of funding the SMO, including oil and gas revenues of the Federal budget. Natural gas, unlike oil, is not under sanctions. There is nothing to compensate for the loss of revenues from the reduction of gas exports to Europe: practically all Russian pipelines (except for the Power of Siberia-1 with a capacity of only 38 billion m3) are oriented to the West; liquefied natural gas from the Yamal LNG and Sakhalin-2 projects is contracted for many years ahead. The EU countries have nothing to compensate for the lost volumes, except coal, but only Russian coal. Europe needs gas, Russia needs currency for the SMO, so it is necessary to find a solution to the problem.
{"title":"Economic Conjuncture of Arctic Natural Gas in the New Geopolitical Conditions","authors":"Sergey Yu. Kozmenko, Arina S. Kozmenko","doi":"10.37482/issn2221-2698.2023.52.44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37482/issn2221-2698.2023.52.44","url":null,"abstract":"The special military operation (SMO) organically fits into the logic of the century-long confrontation between Russia and Britain, and later — the USA, known since the late 18th century as the “Great Game”. One of the goals of the SMO on a national scale is not only to restore Russia’s dominance in the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov, but also to counteract the achievement of such a goal by NATO countries. Russia uses various sources of funding the SMO, including oil and gas revenues of the Federal budget. Natural gas, unlike oil, is not under sanctions. There is nothing to compensate for the loss of revenues from the reduction of gas exports to Europe: practically all Russian pipelines (except for the Power of Siberia-1 with a capacity of only 38 billion m3) are oriented to the West; liquefied natural gas from the Yamal LNG and Sakhalin-2 projects is contracted for many years ahead. The EU countries have nothing to compensate for the lost volumes, except coal, but only Russian coal. Europe needs gas, Russia needs currency for the SMO, so it is necessary to find a solution to the problem.","PeriodicalId":30489,"journal":{"name":"Arktika i Sever","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135294519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-29DOI: 10.37482/issn2221-2698.2023.52.5
Saniyat A. Agamagomedova
The purpose of the study is to identify the features of customs control in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, which is positioned as a type of customs control. Based on the use of methods of com-parative and system analysis, systematization and classification, formal legal method, the author outlines the specifics of this control. Five features of such control, related to its legal regulation and correlation with other types of state control, the status of supervised persons, temporal characteristics, and the application of the customs procedure of a free customs zone, are identified. On the basis of the analysis of the legal regime of the Arctic zone, enshrined in the current legislation, the conclusion is made about the attribution of this regime to administrative regimes of territory management. Attention is drawn to the combination of spatial and status approaches in public administration in the regulation of entrepreneurial and other activities in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, as well as to the complex regime support of the management of this territory (the principle of “regime in regime”). It is concluded that there has been a certain transformation in the regulation of the territory in the conditions of increased sanctions pressure, which is reflected in the priorities of import substitution through the development of domestic technologies and cooperation with Asian countries. From the perspective of the prospects of the development of the Arctic zone as a national priority for the socio-economic development of the country, it is proposed to systematically regulate the administrative procedures for customs control, ensuring the full functioning of the Northern Sea Route.
{"title":"Customs Control in the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation","authors":"Saniyat A. Agamagomedova","doi":"10.37482/issn2221-2698.2023.52.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37482/issn2221-2698.2023.52.5","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the study is to identify the features of customs control in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, which is positioned as a type of customs control. Based on the use of methods of com-parative and system analysis, systematization and classification, formal legal method, the author outlines the specifics of this control. Five features of such control, related to its legal regulation and correlation with other types of state control, the status of supervised persons, temporal characteristics, and the application of the customs procedure of a free customs zone, are identified. On the basis of the analysis of the legal regime of the Arctic zone, enshrined in the current legislation, the conclusion is made about the attribution of this regime to administrative regimes of territory management. Attention is drawn to the combination of spatial and status approaches in public administration in the regulation of entrepreneurial and other activities in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, as well as to the complex regime support of the management of this territory (the principle of “regime in regime”). It is concluded that there has been a certain transformation in the regulation of the territory in the conditions of increased sanctions pressure, which is reflected in the priorities of import substitution through the development of domestic technologies and cooperation with Asian countries. From the perspective of the prospects of the development of the Arctic zone as a national priority for the socio-economic development of the country, it is proposed to systematically regulate the administrative procedures for customs control, ensuring the full functioning of the Northern Sea Route.","PeriodicalId":30489,"journal":{"name":"Arktika i Sever","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135294069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-29DOI: 10.37482/issn2221-2698.2023.52.87
Elena V. Kozhina, Kseniya I. Sergeeva
The article is devoted to the study of the availability of investment funds for the regions of investment funds of state development programs in the context of the program-targeted approach to budget formation. The use of program-targeted budgeting methods undoubtedly opens up extensive opportunities for optimizing the public finance management system, but the management tools and implementation mechanism at the regional level have not yet been sufficiently developed, which reduces the effectiveness of their application. The paper evaluates the uniformity of distribution of funds of the Targeted Investment Program of the Arkhangelsk Oblast for the period 20172021 between four districts that are similar in their parameters, as well as the distribution of budget investments within the framework of inter-budget transfers to local budgets of the Arkhangelsk Oblast for the period 20212023. The process and principles of a program-targeted approach to strategic planning and management of the public finance system as the main tool for improving the efficiency of budget expenditures are considered. The methods used in the study include analyzing the dynamics and structure of budget investment distribution, drawing conclusions on the basis of the obtained data about the uniformity of funds distribution and investment accessibility for the regions. This article can be useful for assessing the availability of budget investments when using the program-targeted approach to budget planning, as well as for developing an effective mechanism for implementing program-targeted budgeting approaches in the budget process at the local and regional levels.
{"title":"Availability of Budget Investments for Regions under the Program-Targeted Approach to Budget Formation (On the Example of Municipalities of the Arkhangelsk Oblast)","authors":"Elena V. Kozhina, Kseniya I. Sergeeva","doi":"10.37482/issn2221-2698.2023.52.87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37482/issn2221-2698.2023.52.87","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the study of the availability of investment funds for the regions of investment funds of state development programs in the context of the program-targeted approach to budget formation. The use of program-targeted budgeting methods undoubtedly opens up extensive opportunities for optimizing the public finance management system, but the management tools and implementation mechanism at the regional level have not yet been sufficiently developed, which reduces the effectiveness of their application. The paper evaluates the uniformity of distribution of funds of the Targeted Investment Program of the Arkhangelsk Oblast for the period 20172021 between four districts that are similar in their parameters, as well as the distribution of budget investments within the framework of inter-budget transfers to local budgets of the Arkhangelsk Oblast for the period 20212023. The process and principles of a program-targeted approach to strategic planning and management of the public finance system as the main tool for improving the efficiency of budget expenditures are considered. The methods used in the study include analyzing the dynamics and structure of budget investment distribution, drawing conclusions on the basis of the obtained data about the uniformity of funds distribution and investment accessibility for the regions. This article can be useful for assessing the availability of budget investments when using the program-targeted approach to budget planning, as well as for developing an effective mechanism for implementing program-targeted budgeting approaches in the budget process at the local and regional levels.","PeriodicalId":30489,"journal":{"name":"Arktika i Sever","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135294063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-29DOI: 10.37482/issn2221-2698.2023.52.32
Anatoliy M. Vasilyev, Evgeniya A. Lisunova
The purpose of the article is to show the necessity of reducing wholesale domestic prices for Arctic fish and to propose economic methods for solving this problem. The relevance is associated with an un-reasonable increase in wholesale prices, which are the basis of retail prices, resulting in a decrease in the consumption of local fish. The increase in wholesale prices of fisheries in 2014-2015 and in the subsequent period is analyzed. The fundamentals of the world doctrines of cost and value are given, and the absence of factors to justify the increase in wholesale prices on the basis of the labor theory of value is shown. The data on the unreasonably close relationship between wholesale prices for fish in the domestic market of Russia and the exchange prices at which fish products exported to the European Union countries are presented. The possibility of reducing wholesale domestic prices by increasing the supply of fish to the domestic market of Russia in order to achieve the threshold values of the figures indicated in the Doctrine of Food Security is shown. In order to replace exchange foreign prices used in the domestic market of Russia, the need to develop a methodology for determining wholesale prices for the main types of Arctic fish, primarily currency-intensive ones, is substantiated.
{"title":"Is It Possible to Change Arctic Fish Pricing?","authors":"Anatoliy M. Vasilyev, Evgeniya A. Lisunova","doi":"10.37482/issn2221-2698.2023.52.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37482/issn2221-2698.2023.52.32","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the article is to show the necessity of reducing wholesale domestic prices for Arctic fish and to propose economic methods for solving this problem. The relevance is associated with an un-reasonable increase in wholesale prices, which are the basis of retail prices, resulting in a decrease in the consumption of local fish. The increase in wholesale prices of fisheries in 2014-2015 and in the subsequent period is analyzed. The fundamentals of the world doctrines of cost and value are given, and the absence of factors to justify the increase in wholesale prices on the basis of the labor theory of value is shown. The data on the unreasonably close relationship between wholesale prices for fish in the domestic market of Russia and the exchange prices at which fish products exported to the European Union countries are presented. The possibility of reducing wholesale domestic prices by increasing the supply of fish to the domestic market of Russia in order to achieve the threshold values of the figures indicated in the Doctrine of Food Security is shown. In order to replace exchange foreign prices used in the domestic market of Russia, the need to develop a methodology for determining wholesale prices for the main types of Arctic fish, primarily currency-intensive ones, is substantiated.","PeriodicalId":30489,"journal":{"name":"Arktika i Sever","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135294065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-29DOI: 10.37482/issn2221-2698.2023.52.153
Irina I. Matvienko
The article describes the current problems of small indigenous peoples of the Russian Arctic in the context of climate change, the main of which are: the food problem, the problem of transport accessi-bility, the problem of economic activity and the problem of health. Because of global warming due to the increase in the average annual temperature, there is a high probability that the above-mentioned problems will only increase and significantly affect all life support systems of small indigenous peoples of the Russian Arctic. The article uses analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction to show the interconnection and mutual influence of the existing problems on the economic activity and health of small indigenous peoples in the conditions of climate change in the Arctic. In order to solve the current problems of the Russian Arctic indigenous minorities in the context of climate change, the following is required: 1) development of laws, strategies and/or state programs for the protection of indigenous peoples to minimize the adverse effects of climate change by sectors (reindeer herding, fishing, hunting and gathering); 2) creation of a system for assessing the impact of climate change on the economic activity and health of indigenous peoples; 3) participation of indigenous peoples in environmental monitoring and implementation of environmental projects in the Arctic.
{"title":"Current Problems of Indigenous Minorities of the Russian Arctic in the Context of Climate Change","authors":"Irina I. Matvienko","doi":"10.37482/issn2221-2698.2023.52.153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37482/issn2221-2698.2023.52.153","url":null,"abstract":"The article describes the current problems of small indigenous peoples of the Russian Arctic in the context of climate change, the main of which are: the food problem, the problem of transport accessi-bility, the problem of economic activity and the problem of health. Because of global warming due to the increase in the average annual temperature, there is a high probability that the above-mentioned problems will only increase and significantly affect all life support systems of small indigenous peoples of the Russian Arctic. The article uses analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction to show the interconnection and mutual influence of the existing problems on the economic activity and health of small indigenous peoples in the conditions of climate change in the Arctic. In order to solve the current problems of the Russian Arctic indigenous minorities in the context of climate change, the following is required: 1) development of laws, strategies and/or state programs for the protection of indigenous peoples to minimize the adverse effects of climate change by sectors (reindeer herding, fishing, hunting and gathering); 2) creation of a system for assessing the impact of climate change on the economic activity and health of indigenous peoples; 3) participation of indigenous peoples in environmental monitoring and implementation of environmental projects in the Arctic.","PeriodicalId":30489,"journal":{"name":"Arktika i Sever","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135294089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-29DOI: 10.37482/issn2221-2698.2023.52.270
Irina S. Stepus, Aleksandr O. Averyanov, Inna V. Rodion
The purpose of the article is to conduct a quantitative and qualitative analysis of Russian-language publications on the topic of population migration in the Arctic zone of Russia. The national bibliographic database of scientific citation hosted on the eLIBRARY.RU platform was used as a source of information. The research methodology is based on the use of structural-semantic analysis of texts in combination with general scientific methods (analysis, generalization and systematization). The time period of 20102022 is characterized by an increase in the number of publications on migration issues in the Arctic zone of Russia, which was most clearly manifested during the adoption of Russia’s Arctic strategies. During the period under review, Russian authors prepared about 300 articles on the study of population migration in the Russian Arctic. However, the number of researchers who regularly publish papers on this topic is small. The analysis made it possible to identify an objective list of authors groups (scientific schools) that are leading in terms of the number of publications in this subject area. The main directions of the population migrations study in the Russian Arctic zone are considered according to six key scientific schools, general and special approaches of the authors to the study of Arctic migrations are highlighted. The study results will be useful and interesting to scientists, whose research area is related to population migration, including in the Russiaт Arctic regions; specialists dealing with social issues of the development of the Arctic territories; postgraduates and students involved in this field.
{"title":"Review of Scientific Publications on the Study of Population Migration in the Russian Arctic","authors":"Irina S. Stepus, Aleksandr O. Averyanov, Inna V. Rodion","doi":"10.37482/issn2221-2698.2023.52.270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37482/issn2221-2698.2023.52.270","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the article is to conduct a quantitative and qualitative analysis of Russian-language publications on the topic of population migration in the Arctic zone of Russia. The national bibliographic database of scientific citation hosted on the eLIBRARY.RU platform was used as a source of information. The research methodology is based on the use of structural-semantic analysis of texts in combination with general scientific methods (analysis, generalization and systematization). The time period of 20102022 is characterized by an increase in the number of publications on migration issues in the Arctic zone of Russia, which was most clearly manifested during the adoption of Russia’s Arctic strategies. During the period under review, Russian authors prepared about 300 articles on the study of population migration in the Russian Arctic. However, the number of researchers who regularly publish papers on this topic is small. The analysis made it possible to identify an objective list of authors groups (scientific schools) that are leading in terms of the number of publications in this subject area. The main directions of the population migrations study in the Russian Arctic zone are considered according to six key scientific schools, general and special approaches of the authors to the study of Arctic migrations are highlighted. The study results will be useful and interesting to scientists, whose research area is related to population migration, including in the Russiaт Arctic regions; specialists dealing with social issues of the development of the Arctic territories; postgraduates and students involved in this field.","PeriodicalId":30489,"journal":{"name":"Arktika i Sever","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135294067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-29DOI: 10.37482/issn2221-2698.2023.52.136
Valeriy N. Konyshev
The article studies the phenomenon of science diplomacy with regard to the Arctic and Antarctic. These two polar regions are similar because of high importance of international scientific activity and science diplomacy based on it. Science diplomacy is understood as a kind of synthesis of scientific and political-diplomatic activities, in which state and non-state actors can take part. The conditions for science di-plomacy in the Arctic and Antarctic are very different due to the history of development, legal status and established practice of international relations in these regions. The challenges faced by international scientific activity and science diplomacy in the two regions are considered. It is shown that in the Arctic and Antarctic, science diplomacy as a political tool is objectively in demand and cannot be “cancelled” due to the political context. In the current situation, science diplomacy can contribute to de-escalation of the conflict in relations between Russia and the West. At the same time, science diplomacy is not a panacea for creating international relations based on the principles of peace and cooperation. Like any political instrument, it protects national interests and not only serves to solve global problems arising in the Arctic and Antarctic.
{"title":"Научная дипломатия в Арктике и Антарктике","authors":"Valeriy N. Konyshev","doi":"10.37482/issn2221-2698.2023.52.136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37482/issn2221-2698.2023.52.136","url":null,"abstract":"The article studies the phenomenon of science diplomacy with regard to the Arctic and Antarctic. These two polar regions are similar because of high importance of international scientific activity and science diplomacy based on it. Science diplomacy is understood as a kind of synthesis of scientific and political-diplomatic activities, in which state and non-state actors can take part. The conditions for science di-plomacy in the Arctic and Antarctic are very different due to the history of development, legal status and established practice of international relations in these regions. The challenges faced by international scientific activity and science diplomacy in the two regions are considered. It is shown that in the Arctic and Antarctic, science diplomacy as a political tool is objectively in demand and cannot be “cancelled” due to the political context. In the current situation, science diplomacy can contribute to de-escalation of the conflict in relations between Russia and the West. At the same time, science diplomacy is not a panacea for creating international relations based on the principles of peace and cooperation. Like any political instrument, it protects national interests and not only serves to solve global problems arising in the Arctic and Antarctic.","PeriodicalId":30489,"journal":{"name":"Arktika i Sever","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135294068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-29DOI: 10.37482/issn2221-2698.2023.52.167
Maria A. Pitukhina, Anastasiya D. Belykh
Russian Arctic is a positive example of the introduction of information technologies (Industry 4.0.) as well as artificial intelligence technologies (Industry 5.0.). In the 21st century, IT-technologies have significantly improved quality of life in the Russian Arctic — development of IT camps, access to the Internet from the tundra. Arctic projects related to the AI technologies implementation are becoming increasingly popular: the article provides a list of such Arctic AI projects. An analysis of IT and AI vacancies in all subjects of the Russian Arctic on the website of the headhunter recruitment agency showed that the largest number of IT vacancies was posted directly in the Murmansk Oblast (74 vacancies). The study also analyzed job seek-ers’ resumes in the Murmansk Oblast, posted in the Artificial Intelligence section. The study shows that knowledge of Python programming language, SQL databases and English language is a prerequisite for all AI specialists. It was also determined that the salary of AI specialists is significantly higher than that of IT specialists. The Murmansk Oblast is becoming a leader in the development and implementation of both IT and AI technologies; this is primarily due to the development of logistics and the Northern Sea Route as an alternative to existing sea routes.
{"title":"Artificial Intelligence Technologies in the Russian Arctic: The Case of the Murmansk Oblast","authors":"Maria A. Pitukhina, Anastasiya D. Belykh","doi":"10.37482/issn2221-2698.2023.52.167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37482/issn2221-2698.2023.52.167","url":null,"abstract":"Russian Arctic is a positive example of the introduction of information technologies (Industry 4.0.) as well as artificial intelligence technologies (Industry 5.0.). In the 21st century, IT-technologies have significantly improved quality of life in the Russian Arctic — development of IT camps, access to the Internet from the tundra. Arctic projects related to the AI technologies implementation are becoming increasingly popular: the article provides a list of such Arctic AI projects. An analysis of IT and AI vacancies in all subjects of the Russian Arctic on the website of the headhunter recruitment agency showed that the largest number of IT vacancies was posted directly in the Murmansk Oblast (74 vacancies). The study also analyzed job seek-ers’ resumes in the Murmansk Oblast, posted in the Artificial Intelligence section. The study shows that knowledge of Python programming language, SQL databases and English language is a prerequisite for all AI specialists. It was also determined that the salary of AI specialists is significantly higher than that of IT specialists. The Murmansk Oblast is becoming a leader in the development and implementation of both IT and AI technologies; this is primarily due to the development of logistics and the Northern Sea Route as an alternative to existing sea routes.","PeriodicalId":30489,"journal":{"name":"Arktika i Sever","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135294526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-29DOI: 10.37482/issn2221-2698.2023.52.62
Boris Kh. Krasnopolskiy
In this article, on the basis of conceptual approaches derived from research in the field of theories of spatial economy and infrastructure, the problems of naturally occurring significant changes in the pro-cesses of development of natural-economic formations formed in the geostrategic territories of the North-Arctic part of the Far East, representing at the same time the eastern part of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation (AZRF) are considered. Their transboundary role in the global Arctic basin, as well as at the junction of Russia with the state of Alaska, USA, in the Pacific Arctic, also requires intensification of research in this area, especially at the present stage of the well-known difficulties in international cooperation between our country and the United States. All this requires focusing the attention of specialists on the study of these processes, as well as on the closely related issues of the necessity to adjust the methods and mechanisms of state-regional regulation of the development of these economic entities. In the near future, the regulatory tools used should ensure the transition of these territories from the micro-level of primary, mainly raw material, spatial-economic formations to a new stage, to a higher meso-level of industrial development of economic complexes. As studies show, this transition will occur on the basis of advanced creation of a system-organized critical infrastructure, its main elements, which, due to their new spatial configuration, will provide the necessary conditions for this transition and give the opportunity to maximize the use of exogenous factors and emergent effects of the development of economic entities.
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