Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.22227/2305-5502.2023.2.3
Andrey D. Semashkin, A. Tusnin, Maria P. Berger
Introduction. Calculation methods and current normative documents used in the calculation of buildings for resistance to progressive collapse are considered. The key methods of analysis are listed and fundamenta.rules of each of them are stated. The advantages and disadvantages of these methods are analyzed. Materials and methods. The calculations of stability to progressive collapse have been carried out for a multi-span flat frame at the failure of the middle post of the ground floor. The software complex LIRA-SAPR 2021 R1.2 was used to perform calculations. The task was solved by several methods: the static calculation, quasi-static calculation and dynamic calculation. The nonlinear functioning of construction and material was considered by step-methods with using the flow curve from SP 16.13330.2017. Quasistatic calculation was performed in two variants: pulldown and pushdown analysis. The dynamic calculation was carried out by direct integration of the equations of motion using the module “Dynamics in Time”. Two variants with different element elimination time were considered. Results. The results are analyzed and summarized in Table 2. The static calculation yields force and displacement values that are clearly underestimated as compared to other methods. Forces and displacements obtained by quasistatic analysis are greater than those obtained by dynamic analysis. The results obtained in the pulldown and pushdown analyses are close in value. Conclusions. Quasistatic calculations give higher forces and displacements than dynamic calculations. The results of pushdown analysis correlate better with the results of calculations in the dynamic formulation. In order to determine forces more accurately when using quasi-static calculation, a justification of the dynamical coefficient is necessary.
{"title":"Methods of structural analysis for resistance to progressive collapse","authors":"Andrey D. Semashkin, A. Tusnin, Maria P. Berger","doi":"10.22227/2305-5502.2023.2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22227/2305-5502.2023.2.3","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Calculation methods and current normative documents used in the calculation of buildings for resistance to progressive collapse are considered. The key methods of analysis are listed and fundamenta.rules of each of them are stated. The advantages and disadvantages of these methods are analyzed. Materials and methods. The calculations of stability to progressive collapse have been carried out for a multi-span flat frame at the failure of the middle post of the ground floor. The software complex LIRA-SAPR 2021 R1.2 was used to perform calculations. The task was solved by several methods: the static calculation, quasi-static calculation and dynamic calculation. The nonlinear functioning of construction and material was considered by step-methods with using the flow curve from SP 16.13330.2017. Quasistatic calculation was performed in two variants: pulldown and pushdown analysis. The dynamic calculation was carried out by direct integration of the equations of motion using the module “Dynamics in Time”. Two variants with different element elimination time were considered. Results. The results are analyzed and summarized in Table 2. The static calculation yields force and displacement values that are clearly underestimated as compared to other methods. Forces and displacements obtained by quasistatic analysis are greater than those obtained by dynamic analysis. The results obtained in the pulldown and pushdown analyses are close in value. Conclusions. Quasistatic calculations give higher forces and displacements than dynamic calculations. The results of pushdown analysis correlate better with the results of calculations in the dynamic formulation. In order to determine forces more accurately when using quasi-static calculation, a justification of the dynamical coefficient is necessary.","PeriodicalId":30543,"journal":{"name":"Stroitel''stvo Nauka i Obrazovanie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76151473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.22227/2305-5502.2023.2.5
I. Markova, Phan Khanh Khanh
Introduction. Vietnam’s largest economic centre, Ho Chi Minh City, is facing riverbank erosion, one of the main causes of which is runoff. In this study, the flow velocity field of the Saigon River section is analyzed in different time periods. Materials and methods. Data on discharge, water level, river network topography and river channel were collected to set up simulation models in the programmes MIKE 11 and MIKE 21. These programmes are the main tools used in the study. Results. The current velocity in the middle of the river is 3–4 times higher than on the two banks. However, during the period between high and low tide, the current on both sides of the river has higher speed than the main stream, especially in the upper part of the winding banks, such as the part of the river from Ben Nghe sluice to Tan Thuan sluice and the section of the river from An Loi Dong police station to Thu Thiem 2 bridge. The velocity values in the studied river section in most cases exceed the allowable erosion-free velocity values of particles of channel material, river banks, and suspended sediment particles. The operation of the flood control sluices will slightly reduce the flow velocity values and also cause whirlpools in front of the sluices. Conclusions. The MIKE 11 and MIKE 21 software detailed the flow distribution of the Saigon River. The flow velocity on the Saigon River has a complex distribution and varies from period to period depending on the flood discharge from the Dau Tieng Reservoir and the tidal currents of the East Sea. The process of erosion on both sides of the river will occur regularly and continuously, so urgent measures are needed to protect the riverbank.
{"title":"Flow velocity field of the Saigon River section during operation of flood control structures","authors":"I. Markova, Phan Khanh Khanh","doi":"10.22227/2305-5502.2023.2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22227/2305-5502.2023.2.5","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Vietnam’s largest economic centre, Ho Chi Minh City, is facing riverbank erosion, one of the main causes of which is runoff. In this study, the flow velocity field of the Saigon River section is analyzed in different time periods. Materials and methods. Data on discharge, water level, river network topography and river channel were collected to set up simulation models in the programmes MIKE 11 and MIKE 21. These programmes are the main tools used in the study. Results. The current velocity in the middle of the river is 3–4 times higher than on the two banks. However, during the period between high and low tide, the current on both sides of the river has higher speed than the main stream, especially in the upper part of the winding banks, such as the part of the river from Ben Nghe sluice to Tan Thuan sluice and the section of the river from An Loi Dong police station to Thu Thiem 2 bridge. The velocity values in the studied river section in most cases exceed the allowable erosion-free velocity values of particles of channel material, river banks, and suspended sediment particles. The operation of the flood control sluices will slightly reduce the flow velocity values and also cause whirlpools in front of the sluices. Conclusions. The MIKE 11 and MIKE 21 software detailed the flow distribution of the Saigon River. The flow velocity on the Saigon River has a complex distribution and varies from period to period depending on the flood discharge from the Dau Tieng Reservoir and the tidal currents of the East Sea. The process of erosion on both sides of the river will occur regularly and continuously, so urgent measures are needed to protect the riverbank.","PeriodicalId":30543,"journal":{"name":"Stroitel''stvo Nauka i Obrazovanie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88775389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.22227/2305-5502.2023.2.6
E. Shcherbina, D. A. Magomedova
Introduction. Regional development in Dagestan Republic is focused on the tourism industry, which is developed in coastal areas, which cannot be attributed to mountainous areas, despite the growing interest of tourists. Due to the inseparable connection between the historical and cultural landscape and the settlement system, it has an important role in the location of tourist industry facilities. The aim of the research is to construct historical and cultural framework of the territory (HCF), which largely determines the placement of urban development facilities of the tourist industry, including tourist attractors. A territorial model of the cultural framework of the Gunibsky district, which includes objects of cultural heritage and identified cultural landscapes is proposed. Materials and methods. Terraced farming areas were identified using the Google Earth geographic information system. The use of orographic maps, as well as taking into account the physical capacity of farmers to walk the maximum distance during the day, going to the agricultural fields, and in the evening, returning home, allowed to determine the boundaries and belonging of fields to settlements. Results. An analysis of the settlement structure of the Gunibsky district, an inventory of terraced fields was carried out, and a historical and cultural framework was compiled, defining the territorial and spatial potential of the cultural heritage of the region. Conclusions. The conducted research has established the HCF of the territory of Gunibsky district of the Republic of Dagestan, which contains objects of cultural tangible and intangible heritage, as well as significant areas of cultural and pastoral landscapes. Further in-depth study and work on the assignment of the recorded cultural landscape to the objects of cultural heritage, with the appropriate inclusion in the necessary registers is proposed. The results of the study can be used in the preparation of urban planning documents established by the Urban Planning Code of the Russian Federation. The richness of the historical and cultural framework of the Gunibsky district shows the prospects of its territorial development on the basis of the tourism industry.
{"title":"Historical and cultural framework of the Gunibsky district of the Republic of Dagestan","authors":"E. Shcherbina, D. A. Magomedova","doi":"10.22227/2305-5502.2023.2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22227/2305-5502.2023.2.6","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Regional development in Dagestan Republic is focused on the tourism industry, which is developed in coastal areas, which cannot be attributed to mountainous areas, despite the growing interest of tourists. Due to the inseparable connection between the historical and cultural landscape and the settlement system, it has an important role in the location of tourist industry facilities. The aim of the research is to construct historical and cultural framework of the territory (HCF), which largely determines the placement of urban development facilities of the tourist industry, including tourist attractors. A territorial model of the cultural framework of the Gunibsky district, which includes objects of cultural heritage and identified cultural landscapes is proposed. Materials and methods. Terraced farming areas were identified using the Google Earth geographic information system. The use of orographic maps, as well as taking into account the physical capacity of farmers to walk the maximum distance during the day, going to the agricultural fields, and in the evening, returning home, allowed to determine the boundaries and belonging of fields to settlements. Results. An analysis of the settlement structure of the Gunibsky district, an inventory of terraced fields was carried out, and a historical and cultural framework was compiled, defining the territorial and spatial potential of the cultural heritage of the region. Conclusions. The conducted research has established the HCF of the territory of Gunibsky district of the Republic of Dagestan, which contains objects of cultural tangible and intangible heritage, as well as significant areas of cultural and pastoral landscapes. Further in-depth study and work on the assignment of the recorded cultural landscape to the objects of cultural heritage, with the appropriate inclusion in the necessary registers is proposed. The results of the study can be used in the preparation of urban planning documents established by the Urban Planning Code of the Russian Federation. The richness of the historical and cultural framework of the Gunibsky district shows the prospects of its territorial development on the basis of the tourism industry.","PeriodicalId":30543,"journal":{"name":"Stroitel''stvo Nauka i Obrazovanie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86803257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.22227/2305-5502.2023.2.10
Alexei A. Sirotskiy
Introduction. In the process of making decisions, about design and construction there are tasks of assessing the prospects for the planned construction of real estate. The subject of the research is the assessment of the attractiveness of real estate objects from the position of expediency of their construction. Materials and methods. Research methods include analysis of scientific papers, application of systems analysis and systems approach, structural and mathematical modelling of phenomena and processes, theory and practice of digitalization of economic systems, theory and methodology of object-oriented big data processing, theory of forecasting and statistical analysis. Results. Four groups of property parameters that may influence their attractiveness have been identified. The information has been formalized into a form suitable for analytics. It has been shown that the properties of objects can be regarded as their attributes and in this regard, a star data model has been proposed for the information-analytical system. The scheme of interconnection of object characteristics and parameters is proposed, as well as the model of data processing system including the collection of big data from multiple sources and integration with the enterprise platforms. The estimation of attractiveness of objects is carried out by calculating the integral index consisting of integral indexes of separate data sets. The method of ranking the formalized indicators of objects as a preliminary stage of expert determination of their weight values is proposed. On the basis of the integral index of object attractiveness a management decision may be made as to the advisability and prospects of construction or performance of correction of design indices of the projected object. The modelling and reporting process can be carried out in software that implements the Business Intelligence concept. Conclusions. The proposed methodology for assessing prospective properties based on big data analysis can be used in decision-making by both construction companies and participants in the secondary real estate market for efficient parametric selection of properties according to customer requests.
{"title":"Application of data analytics methods to assess the prospectivity of planned real estate developments","authors":"Alexei A. Sirotskiy","doi":"10.22227/2305-5502.2023.2.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22227/2305-5502.2023.2.10","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. In the process of making decisions, about design and construction there are tasks of assessing the prospects for the planned construction of real estate. The subject of the research is the assessment of the attractiveness of real estate objects from the position of expediency of their construction. Materials and methods. Research methods include analysis of scientific papers, application of systems analysis and systems approach, structural and mathematical modelling of phenomena and processes, theory and practice of digitalization of economic systems, theory and methodology of object-oriented big data processing, theory of forecasting and statistical analysis. Results. Four groups of property parameters that may influence their attractiveness have been identified. The information has been formalized into a form suitable for analytics. It has been shown that the properties of objects can be regarded as their attributes and in this regard, a star data model has been proposed for the information-analytical system. The scheme of interconnection of object characteristics and parameters is proposed, as well as the model of data processing system including the collection of big data from multiple sources and integration with the enterprise platforms. The estimation of attractiveness of objects is carried out by calculating the integral index consisting of integral indexes of separate data sets. The method of ranking the formalized indicators of objects as a preliminary stage of expert determination of their weight values is proposed. On the basis of the integral index of object attractiveness a management decision may be made as to the advisability and prospects of construction or performance of correction of design indices of the projected object. The modelling and reporting process can be carried out in software that implements the Business Intelligence concept. Conclusions. The proposed methodology for assessing prospective properties based on big data analysis can be used in decision-making by both construction companies and participants in the secondary real estate market for efficient parametric selection of properties according to customer requests.","PeriodicalId":30543,"journal":{"name":"Stroitel''stvo Nauka i Obrazovanie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75930066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.22227/2305-5502.2023.2.7
Mostafa Ezzeldin, E. K. Sinichenko, I. Gritsuk
Introduction. The lack of fresh water has become a serious problem. The main causes of the water crisis are population growth and climate change. Egypt is a very arid country which is facing water scarcity due to increasing demand and limited supply. Applying new approaches is required in this situation to deal with water scarcity. Wadi Watir in the Sinai Peninsula, chosen as the research area, is an important tourist and commercial watershed. It experiences water scarcity and the threat of flash floods. The residents are losing their crops and sheep. Roads are deserted, and their lives are in danger due to the periodic occurrence of flash floods. Materials and methods. For the first time, the current research investigates the impact of flash floods on the implementation of rainwater harvesting (RWH) systems. The flash flood risk and RWH structure maps were overlaid using GIS. Results. The results showed that five percolation tanks, five check dams, 11.15 km2 of area for on-ground percolation tanks, and 0.48 km2 of space for farm ponds are optimal for water harvesting during flash floods. Conclusions. The development of Wadi Watir was prioritized and divided into three phases. Therefore, the occurrence of flash floods clearly affects the development plans. The impact of flash floods should be considered during the calculation of the design capacity of the RWH structures.
{"title":"Flash floods impact on the construction of rainwater harvesting structures","authors":"Mostafa Ezzeldin, E. K. Sinichenko, I. Gritsuk","doi":"10.22227/2305-5502.2023.2.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22227/2305-5502.2023.2.7","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The lack of fresh water has become a serious problem. The main causes of the water crisis are population growth and climate change. Egypt is a very arid country which is facing water scarcity due to increasing demand and limited supply. Applying new approaches is required in this situation to deal with water scarcity. Wadi Watir in the Sinai Peninsula, chosen as the research area, is an important tourist and commercial watershed. It experiences water scarcity and the threat of flash floods. The residents are losing their crops and sheep. Roads are deserted, and their lives are in danger due to the periodic occurrence of flash floods. Materials and methods. For the first time, the current research investigates the impact of flash floods on the implementation of rainwater harvesting (RWH) systems. The flash flood risk and RWH structure maps were overlaid using GIS. Results. The results showed that five percolation tanks, five check dams, 11.15 km2 of area for on-ground percolation tanks, and 0.48 km2 of space for farm ponds are optimal for water harvesting during flash floods. Conclusions. The development of Wadi Watir was prioritized and divided into three phases. Therefore, the occurrence of flash floods clearly affects the development plans. The impact of flash floods should be considered during the calculation of the design capacity of the RWH structures.","PeriodicalId":30543,"journal":{"name":"Stroitel''stvo Nauka i Obrazovanie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81694176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.22227/2305-5502.2023.2.8
Samvel V. Sarsyan, Sergey V. Mazein
Introduction. During construction of underground facilities, architectural, finishing and installation works begin before the completion of the main structures. At that time, there is no permanent heating network connection and therefore temporary heat sources must be used to ensure compliance with the works technology. The lack of specific information about the required capacity of such sources makes it impossible to forecast the financial costs, which is essential for contractors. The purpose of the study is to determine the specific value of heat energy consumption for heating underground stations, construction of which is carried out by open method, depending on different outdoor temperatures, construction completion, depth of station installation, as well as the construction volume of the station. Materials and methods. Heat flows have been calculated by means of mathematical modelling of a stationary thermal regime. Analyses of calculation results and normative data have been performed in accordance with the provisions of probability theory and mathematical statistics. Calculation of coefficients and loads are carried out according to generally accepted equations and laws of heat and mass exchange. Climatic data and material parameters are taken according to current normative documents. Results. The values of specific thermal performance of open-cut metro stations depending on space-planning and design solutions, composition of external envelopes, as well as the stage of construction completion (including the presence or absence of backfill) are calculated. Estimated rate of heat energy consumption for temporary heating of open cut metro station is 3.87 Gcal/(1,000 m 3 · month). Conclusions. Temporary heating norms (amount of heat energy) for open-circuit metro stations have been proposed. Heat costs for ensuring the specified air parameters, referred to a unit volume and required for construction and installation works inside the stations during the heating period, are determined.
{"title":"Heat consumption for temporary heating of underground stations under construction","authors":"Samvel V. Sarsyan, Sergey V. Mazein","doi":"10.22227/2305-5502.2023.2.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22227/2305-5502.2023.2.8","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. During construction of underground facilities, architectural, finishing and installation works begin before the completion of the main structures. At that time, there is no permanent heating network connection and therefore temporary heat sources must be used to ensure compliance with the works technology. The lack of specific information about the required capacity of such sources makes it impossible to forecast the financial costs, which is essential for contractors. The purpose of the study is to determine the specific value of heat energy consumption for heating underground stations, construction of which is carried out by open method, depending on different outdoor temperatures, construction completion, depth of station installation, as well as the construction volume of the station. Materials and methods. Heat flows have been calculated by means of mathematical modelling of a stationary thermal regime. Analyses of calculation results and normative data have been performed in accordance with the provisions of probability theory and mathematical statistics. Calculation of coefficients and loads are carried out according to generally accepted equations and laws of heat and mass exchange. Climatic data and material parameters are taken according to current normative documents. Results. The values of specific thermal performance of open-cut metro stations depending on space-planning and design solutions, composition of external envelopes, as well as the stage of construction completion (including the presence or absence of backfill) are calculated. Estimated rate of heat energy consumption for temporary heating of open cut metro station is 3.87 Gcal/(1,000 m 3 · month). Conclusions. Temporary heating norms (amount of heat energy) for open-circuit metro stations have been proposed. Heat costs for ensuring the specified air parameters, referred to a unit volume and required for construction and installation works inside the stations during the heating period, are determined.","PeriodicalId":30543,"journal":{"name":"Stroitel''stvo Nauka i Obrazovanie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72747725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.22227/2305-5502.2023.2.1
N. Tsaritova, A. Tumasov, Anastasia Kurbanova, Anastasia V. Shtankevich
Introduction. Spatial core structures of coatings are used for more efficient industrial production of building structures, which reduces the costs of their mass production, specialization of production and rationality of design solutions. When designing spatial coverings, unique designs of single execution are used, which help to solve grandiose architectural and functional tasks. But coatings that are based on standard elements that help to create various architectural forms are also in great demand. Materials and methods. The subject of the study is a spatial architectural and structural system that is capable of implementing various design tasks, being fast-built, lightweight and having unified elements that exclude assembly welding. Such arches will find wide application from sports to exhibition complexes, thanks to their quick installation. The arch can take the shape of a circle, an ellipse, a parabola or bending in two directions, the arch can take the form of an arbitrary curve with the conjugation of curves curved in different directions. Results. The spatial arch is assembled according to the principle of a crystallographic triangulation scheme, where the upper and lower belts, braces and rods can be distinguished. A new universal joint connecting element connecting from six to twelve standard rods is proposed, which allows achieving a minimum number of standard sizes and performing ground-based manual assembly of enlarged structural elements, the spatial rigidity of the system is ensured when they are articulated together. Conclusions. The results of the present study allow us to consider such a variant of the rod spatial arch as a promising solution, as a result of the theoretical study, it was found that the main direction of improvement of spatial rod structures is the development of new nodal connections.
{"title":"Shaping of buildings based on rod arches with variable geometry","authors":"N. Tsaritova, A. Tumasov, Anastasia Kurbanova, Anastasia V. Shtankevich","doi":"10.22227/2305-5502.2023.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22227/2305-5502.2023.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Spatial core structures of coatings are used for more efficient industrial production of building structures, which reduces the costs of their mass production, specialization of production and rationality of design solutions. When designing spatial coverings, unique designs of single execution are used, which help to solve grandiose architectural and functional tasks. But coatings that are based on standard elements that help to create various architectural forms are also in great demand. Materials and methods. The subject of the study is a spatial architectural and structural system that is capable of implementing various design tasks, being fast-built, lightweight and having unified elements that exclude assembly welding. Such arches will find wide application from sports to exhibition complexes, thanks to their quick installation. The arch can take the shape of a circle, an ellipse, a parabola or bending in two directions, the arch can take the form of an arbitrary curve with the conjugation of curves curved in different directions. Results. The spatial arch is assembled according to the principle of a crystallographic triangulation scheme, where the upper and lower belts, braces and rods can be distinguished. A new universal joint connecting element connecting from six to twelve standard rods is proposed, which allows achieving a minimum number of standard sizes and performing ground-based manual assembly of enlarged structural elements, the spatial rigidity of the system is ensured when they are articulated together. Conclusions. The results of the present study allow us to consider such a variant of the rod spatial arch as a promising solution, as a result of the theoretical study, it was found that the main direction of improvement of spatial rod structures is the development of new nodal connections.","PeriodicalId":30543,"journal":{"name":"Stroitel''stvo Nauka i Obrazovanie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86065134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.22227/2305-5502.2023.2.9
O. Samodolova, D. Ulrikh, T. Lonzinger, S. E. Denisov
Introduction. When purifying natural objects from heavy metals a decisive role is played by sorption technologies, for the development of which new kinds of sorbents are required. The aim of the study is to evaluate the sorption capacity of granulated foam glass in the treatment of surface wastewater (SW) from urbanized areas from heavy metals (on the example of Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb and Zn). Materials and methods. Granulated foam glass was used as a sorbent. The sorbate was urban surface wastewater from the city of Chelyabinsk. The interaction in the sorbent-sorbate system was studied in laboratory conditions by the limited volume method of static sorption when the pollutants were in the liquid phase and brought into contact with a stationary sorbent. The contact time of the sorbent with the sorbate was varied from 3 to 168 hours and the ambient temperature from 0 to 20 °C. The structure and surface composition of the sorbents were studied using a JEOL JSM-6460LV scanning electron microscope with an attachment for micro X-ray spectral analysis. Changes in the sorbate composition during interaction with the sorbents were determined by atomic emission spectrometry on an OPTIMA 2100 DV spectrometer (Perkin Elmer). Hydrogen index was determined on a pH-meter microprocessor рН-150МИ. Results. The structure and surface composition of granulated cellular glass has been studied. The efficiency of sorption of granulated foam glass of heavy metals from urban surface wastewater has been revealed. Conclusions. The results show that the investigated granulated foam glass is an effective sorption material and allows the extraction of heavy metals (cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, nickel, lead, zinc) from urban surface wastewater.
{"title":"The use of foam glass (granular) in urban surface water treatment","authors":"O. Samodolova, D. Ulrikh, T. Lonzinger, S. E. Denisov","doi":"10.22227/2305-5502.2023.2.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22227/2305-5502.2023.2.9","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. When purifying natural objects from heavy metals a decisive role is played by sorption technologies, for the development of which new kinds of sorbents are required. The aim of the study is to evaluate the sorption capacity of granulated foam glass in the treatment of surface wastewater (SW) from urbanized areas from heavy metals (on the example of Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb and Zn). Materials and methods. Granulated foam glass was used as a sorbent. The sorbate was urban surface wastewater from the city of Chelyabinsk. The interaction in the sorbent-sorbate system was studied in laboratory conditions by the limited volume method of static sorption when the pollutants were in the liquid phase and brought into contact with a stationary sorbent. The contact time of the sorbent with the sorbate was varied from 3 to 168 hours and the ambient temperature from 0 to 20 °C. The structure and surface composition of the sorbents were studied using a JEOL JSM-6460LV scanning electron microscope with an attachment for micro X-ray spectral analysis. Changes in the sorbate composition during interaction with the sorbents were determined by atomic emission spectrometry on an OPTIMA 2100 DV spectrometer (Perkin Elmer). Hydrogen index was determined on a pH-meter microprocessor рН-150МИ. Results. The structure and surface composition of granulated cellular glass has been studied. The efficiency of sorption of granulated foam glass of heavy metals from urban surface wastewater has been revealed. Conclusions. The results show that the investigated granulated foam glass is an effective sorption material and allows the extraction of heavy metals (cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, nickel, lead, zinc) from urban surface wastewater.","PeriodicalId":30543,"journal":{"name":"Stroitel''stvo Nauka i Obrazovanie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86430459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.22227/2305-5502.2023.2.4
P. Burenkov
Introduction. The stone-and-earth dam of the Yumaguzinskiy hydroelectric complex on the Belaya river is constructed in complicated geological conditions on heterogeneous foundation. The results of computational research of stress-strain state (SSS) of the dam, carried out for the variant of an earth dam with the central core are presented. When calculating the deflected mode of dams, the real structure of ground characterized by its relation of elastic and plastic bonds should be taken into account. The change of this structure takes place along with the change in stresses and is reflected in the values of coefficient of relative strength and coefficients of reliability. The values of the safety coefficients can be used to judge the strength state of the dam. Materials and methods. The stress-strain state of the dam was determined on the basis of the energy model of the developed by L.N. Rasskazov. The area of the selected fragment of the dam has been divided into single-type elements; a triangular grid of the finite element method has been adopted, by means of which the structure of the soil dam and the foundation have been described. Results. Numerical calculations have shown that when water level in the reservoir rises to the level of the forced retaining level the character of stress distribution σxx changes. At the base of uppermost buttress prism at the boundary with the core there appears an area with small positive values, the largest of which is obtained in the transition zone. The entire hydrostatic load is transferred to the pressure face of the core and, consequently, the entire work of external forces is transferred to the internal deformation energy of this element, causing a stress concentration in it. The transition zone material is forced to follow the deformations of the core, resulting in the development of tensile stresses in the core. Therefore, increasing the stiffness of the core results in less deformation of the core and correspondingly less tensile stress in the transition zone. The nature of stress distribution σyy is symmetrical. Conclusions. Increasing the rigidity of the core entails elimination of the arch effect, which is particularly noticeable at lower reservoir levels. For this reason the use of skeleton material in the core of the dam is desirable.
{"title":"Stress-strain state of the Yumaguzinsky hydroelectric dam","authors":"P. Burenkov","doi":"10.22227/2305-5502.2023.2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22227/2305-5502.2023.2.4","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The stone-and-earth dam of the Yumaguzinskiy hydroelectric complex on the Belaya river is constructed in complicated geological conditions on heterogeneous foundation. The results of computational research of stress-strain state (SSS) of the dam, carried out for the variant of an earth dam with the central core are presented. When calculating the deflected mode of dams, the real structure of ground characterized by its relation of elastic and plastic bonds should be taken into account. The change of this structure takes place along with the change in stresses and is reflected in the values of coefficient of relative strength and coefficients of reliability. The values of the safety coefficients can be used to judge the strength state of the dam. Materials and methods. The stress-strain state of the dam was determined on the basis of the energy model of the developed by L.N. Rasskazov. The area of the selected fragment of the dam has been divided into single-type elements; a triangular grid of the finite element method has been adopted, by means of which the structure of the soil dam and the foundation have been described. Results. Numerical calculations have shown that when water level in the reservoir rises to the level of the forced retaining level the character of stress distribution σxx changes. At the base of uppermost buttress prism at the boundary with the core there appears an area with small positive values, the largest of which is obtained in the transition zone. The entire hydrostatic load is transferred to the pressure face of the core and, consequently, the entire work of external forces is transferred to the internal deformation energy of this element, causing a stress concentration in it. The transition zone material is forced to follow the deformations of the core, resulting in the development of tensile stresses in the core. Therefore, increasing the stiffness of the core results in less deformation of the core and correspondingly less tensile stress in the transition zone. The nature of stress distribution σyy is symmetrical. Conclusions. Increasing the rigidity of the core entails elimination of the arch effect, which is particularly noticeable at lower reservoir levels. For this reason the use of skeleton material in the core of the dam is desirable.","PeriodicalId":30543,"journal":{"name":"Stroitel''stvo Nauka i Obrazovanie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89178286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.22227/2305-5502.2023.2.2
Andrey L. Zuykov
Introduction. Development of vortex apparatuses — devices for swirling flows of liquids and gases — remains an urgent scientific and engineering task. The design of counter vortex damper flow swirling apparatus at the idle water outlet of Belorechenskaya hydroelectric power plant (HPP) is considered. The purpose of the study is to develop an effective counter vortex damper of excess kinetic energy of water flow. Materials and methods. Analytical methods of classical hydro-mechanics are used. The conceptual basis of the research is the fundamental equality of the geometric characteristic of the vortex apparatus by Abramovich (the Abramovich number) to the Chigier-Beer swirl number. Results. It has been found that geometrical characteristic of the cylindrical vane swirler does not depend on radius of exit edges of blades which swirl the flow, but depends on the angle of bevel of blades at this radius. It allows, according to fundamental equality of Abramovich and Chigier-Beer numbers, either to shift the blades along the swirl chamber radius or to perform them with elongated chord, leaving the hydraulic characteristics of the swirl apparatus and swirled flow unchanged, preserving the bevel angle. Lengthening the chord of the vortex apparatus blades increases the reliability and quality of formation of the swirling flow. It has been proved on the base of differential equation describing the flow lines in the cylindrical swirl chamber that chord of a swirl apparatus prolonged blade flowing smoothly around the flow should have a shape of a logarithmic spiral. It is shown that the vortex apparatus made in the form of a vane system of logarithmic spirals forms a flow with potential rotation superimposed on the potential flow. Conclusions. The design of counter vortex damper of flow energy at the outlet of Belorechenskaya HPP with a system of blades in the form of logarithmic spirals has been analyzed. It is offered to recommend the considered design as a typical one for hydraulic units of medium head.
{"title":"Cylindrical flow swirler with extended blade chord","authors":"Andrey L. Zuykov","doi":"10.22227/2305-5502.2023.2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22227/2305-5502.2023.2.2","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Development of vortex apparatuses — devices for swirling flows of liquids and gases — remains an urgent scientific and engineering task. The design of counter vortex damper flow swirling apparatus at the idle water outlet of Belorechenskaya hydroelectric power plant (HPP) is considered. The purpose of the study is to develop an effective counter vortex damper of excess kinetic energy of water flow. Materials and methods. Analytical methods of classical hydro-mechanics are used. The conceptual basis of the research is the fundamental equality of the geometric characteristic of the vortex apparatus by Abramovich (the Abramovich number) to the Chigier-Beer swirl number. Results. It has been found that geometrical characteristic of the cylindrical vane swirler does not depend on radius of exit edges of blades which swirl the flow, but depends on the angle of bevel of blades at this radius. It allows, according to fundamental equality of Abramovich and Chigier-Beer numbers, either to shift the blades along the swirl chamber radius or to perform them with elongated chord, leaving the hydraulic characteristics of the swirl apparatus and swirled flow unchanged, preserving the bevel angle. Lengthening the chord of the vortex apparatus blades increases the reliability and quality of formation of the swirling flow. It has been proved on the base of differential equation describing the flow lines in the cylindrical swirl chamber that chord of a swirl apparatus prolonged blade flowing smoothly around the flow should have a shape of a logarithmic spiral. It is shown that the vortex apparatus made in the form of a vane system of logarithmic spirals forms a flow with potential rotation superimposed on the potential flow. Conclusions. The design of counter vortex damper of flow energy at the outlet of Belorechenskaya HPP with a system of blades in the form of logarithmic spirals has been analyzed. It is offered to recommend the considered design as a typical one for hydraulic units of medium head.","PeriodicalId":30543,"journal":{"name":"Stroitel''stvo Nauka i Obrazovanie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89877064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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