Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.22227/2305-5502.2022.3.2
O. Rubin, Evgenii N. Bellendir, I. Baklykov, Oksana V. Ziuzina, Mikhail V. Shaitanov
Introduction. Calculation studies have shown that due to the long-term operation of hydraulic structures of the sluice, opening of horizontal and vertical construction joints, as well as corrosion of reinforcement at the rear edge of the reinforced concrete wall of the sluice in the areas of horizontal construction joints, the bearing capacity of the structure as a whole is reduced. In this regard, it is necessary to strengthen the structure, the methodology of which is given in this study. Materials and methods. The analysis of scientific and technical documentation has been made, instrumental examination of the state of structures has been carried out, a spatial mathematical model has been developed on the basis of the finite-element method. Multivariant calculated researches of the actual stressed-strained state (SSS) of structures have been made. Calculation studies of the SSS structures were performed taking into account the reinforcement of prestressed basalt composite reinforcement (BCR). Results. Visual and instrumental inspection showed a presence of cracking on the front face of the reinforced concrete wall of the sluice chamber. Modeling of the actual state of SSS structures is performed, according to the results of calculations, a scheme for strengthening structures of prestressed BCR is proposed and justified. Conclusions. As a result of the calculated studies of the deflected stresses, the occurrence of cracks and opening of horizontal and vertical construction joints in the reinforced concrete structure of the sluice chamber wall was confirmed. At the same time, taking into account corrosion of reinforcement at the rear edge of the sluice’s reinforced concrete wall in the areas of horizontal construction joints, stresses in it reach the design resistance of the reinforcement of class A-II. In order to ensure further safe operation of the structures, the scheme of strengthening the structures with prestressed BCR has been proposed and substantiated.
{"title":"Calculation methods for investigating the reinforcement of sluice chamber walls by basalt-composite prestressed reinforcement taking into account relevant data on their operational condition","authors":"O. Rubin, Evgenii N. Bellendir, I. Baklykov, Oksana V. Ziuzina, Mikhail V. Shaitanov","doi":"10.22227/2305-5502.2022.3.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22227/2305-5502.2022.3.2","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Calculation studies have shown that due to the long-term operation of hydraulic structures of the sluice, opening of horizontal and vertical construction joints, as well as corrosion of reinforcement at the rear edge of the reinforced concrete wall of the sluice in the areas of horizontal construction joints, the bearing capacity of the structure as a whole is reduced. In this regard, it is necessary to strengthen the structure, the methodology of which is given in this study. Materials and methods. The analysis of scientific and technical documentation has been made, instrumental examination of the state of structures has been carried out, a spatial mathematical model has been developed on the basis of the finite-element method. Multivariant calculated researches of the actual stressed-strained state (SSS) of structures have been made. Calculation studies of the SSS structures were performed taking into account the reinforcement of prestressed basalt composite reinforcement (BCR). Results. Visual and instrumental inspection showed a presence of cracking on the front face of the reinforced concrete wall of the sluice chamber. Modeling of the actual state of SSS structures is performed, according to the results of calculations, a scheme for strengthening structures of prestressed BCR is proposed and justified. Conclusions. As a result of the calculated studies of the deflected stresses, the occurrence of cracks and opening of horizontal and vertical construction joints in the reinforced concrete structure of the sluice chamber wall was confirmed. At the same time, taking into account corrosion of reinforcement at the rear edge of the sluice’s reinforced concrete wall in the areas of horizontal construction joints, stresses in it reach the design resistance of the reinforcement of class A-II. In order to ensure further safe operation of the structures, the scheme of strengthening the structures with prestressed BCR has been proposed and substantiated.","PeriodicalId":30543,"journal":{"name":"Stroitel''stvo Nauka i Obrazovanie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77464297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.22227/2305-5502.2022.3.8
Arthur I. Tsarev
Introduction. Building information modeling is key to the digital transformation of the construction industry. By maintaining a transparent and continuous flow of information between all stakeholders, BIM facilitates their collaboration at various stages of a project. This leads to significant efficiency gains at lower costs, faster delivery with fewer inaccuracies and delays, better business opportunities, and lower emissions and waste. The purpose of the study is to identify patterns in the formation of new industry-wide information processes and to formulate the main barriers to their implementation in the project practice. Materials and methods. The author studied the scholarly publications of domestic and foreign researchers. Since this scope of problems was formulated in the recent decade, materials, published during this period, were considered. Theoretical methods of research were employed: analysis, which allowed the author to break down an extensive information base on the EU countries; classification, which made it possible to identify the main levers for implementing new technologies; analogy, which identified similarities in the development of innovations; synthesis, which generated a general idea of the stages of forming new phenomena in the design of construction projects. Results. The author made a comparative analysis of the introduction of new technologies in the EU countries depending on the centre-periphery patterns, drew a parallel between the information processes in Russia and European. He also formulated the main drivers of the introduction of innovative development in the construction sector and decelerating factors based on a 10-year history of the implementation of BIM in European countries. Conclusions. The implementation of BIM in the construction sector is often limited. The main barriers are related to interoperability, compliance for all users, workflow changes, legal issues and training, and the emergence of new rights and responsibilities.
{"title":"Implementation of BIM technologies in the construction sector: the European experience","authors":"Arthur I. Tsarev","doi":"10.22227/2305-5502.2022.3.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22227/2305-5502.2022.3.8","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Building information modeling is key to the digital transformation of the construction industry. By maintaining a transparent and continuous flow of information between all stakeholders, BIM facilitates their collaboration at various stages of a project. This leads to significant efficiency gains at lower costs, faster delivery with fewer inaccuracies and delays, better business opportunities, and lower emissions and waste. The purpose of the study is to identify patterns in the formation of new industry-wide information processes and to formulate the main barriers to their implementation in the project practice. Materials and methods. The author studied the scholarly publications of domestic and foreign researchers. Since this scope of problems was formulated in the recent decade, materials, published during this period, were considered. Theoretical methods of research were employed: analysis, which allowed the author to break down an extensive information base on the EU countries; classification, which made it possible to identify the main levers for implementing new technologies; analogy, which identified similarities in the development of innovations; synthesis, which generated a general idea of the stages of forming new phenomena in the design of construction projects. Results. The author made a comparative analysis of the introduction of new technologies in the EU countries depending on the centre-periphery patterns, drew a parallel between the information processes in Russia and European. He also formulated the main drivers of the introduction of innovative development in the construction sector and decelerating factors based on a 10-year history of the implementation of BIM in European countries. Conclusions. The implementation of BIM in the construction sector is often limited. The main barriers are related to interoperability, compliance for all users, workflow changes, legal issues and training, and the emergence of new rights and responsibilities.","PeriodicalId":30543,"journal":{"name":"Stroitel''stvo Nauka i Obrazovanie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88771060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.22227/2305-5502.2022.3.9
A. Rybakova
Introduction. Building Information Modeling (BIM) and modular construction are modern technologies that ensure the development of the construction industry. Despite certain weaknesses, both areas have strong prospects today. However, the consequences of integrating these technologies into design have not been sufficiently investigated. Therefore, it is advisable to study the total potential effectiveness of information modeling and modular construction technologies, if applied in combination. Hence, the purpose of this work is to apply information modeling tools to a particular construction facility to identify the effectiveness of design based on prefabricated modular elements. It is necessary to solve the following tasks to achieve this purpose: development of performance evaluation criteria, design of an information model based on prefabricated modular elements, comparison of two alternative facilities, drawing conclusions based on the results of the work. Materials and methods. The study is based on a comparative analysis of technical and economic indicators of two alternative facilities, or buildings of data processing centres, whose design documents were developed using modular and traditional approaches. The efficiency analysis is based on the values of design evaluation criteria to be compared. At the same time, the process of designing an information model of a facility, made of prefabricated elements, is considered. Results. As a result, the efficiency assessment of the design based on prefabricated modular elements is presented: a similar facility, whose design documentation was developed in the traditional way, is employed to conduct a comparative analysis. The author compares basic evaluation characteristics to the design developed using two different design concepts. At the same time, the author presents an information model, developed using modular design with account taken of the most recent theoretical and practical data available in this area. Conclusions. The proposed method of evaluating the design efficiency, based on prefabricated modular elements, demonstrates the obvious advantage of the modular method in terms of the facilities under consideration. At the same time, the information model of a facility is demonstrated, aspects of modular design are presented; weaknesses, further development and efficiency improvement trends are identified.
{"title":"Evaluating the efficiency of modular design based on prefabricated elements","authors":"A. Rybakova","doi":"10.22227/2305-5502.2022.3.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22227/2305-5502.2022.3.9","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Building Information Modeling (BIM) and modular construction are modern technologies that ensure the development of the construction industry. Despite certain weaknesses, both areas have strong prospects today. However, the consequences of integrating these technologies into design have not been sufficiently investigated. Therefore, it is advisable to study the total potential effectiveness of information modeling and modular construction technologies, if applied in combination. Hence, the purpose of this work is to apply information modeling tools to a particular construction facility to identify the effectiveness of design based on prefabricated modular elements. It is necessary to solve the following tasks to achieve this purpose: development of performance evaluation criteria, design of an information model based on prefabricated modular elements, comparison of two alternative facilities, drawing conclusions based on the results of the work. Materials and methods. The study is based on a comparative analysis of technical and economic indicators of two alternative facilities, or buildings of data processing centres, whose design documents were developed using modular and traditional approaches. The efficiency analysis is based on the values of design evaluation criteria to be compared. At the same time, the process of designing an information model of a facility, made of prefabricated elements, is considered. Results. As a result, the efficiency assessment of the design based on prefabricated modular elements is presented: a similar facility, whose design documentation was developed in the traditional way, is employed to conduct a comparative analysis. The author compares basic evaluation characteristics to the design developed using two different design concepts. At the same time, the author presents an information model, developed using modular design with account taken of the most recent theoretical and practical data available in this area. Conclusions. The proposed method of evaluating the design efficiency, based on prefabricated modular elements, demonstrates the obvious advantage of the modular method in terms of the facilities under consideration. At the same time, the information model of a facility is demonstrated, aspects of modular design are presented; weaknesses, further development and efficiency improvement trends are identified.","PeriodicalId":30543,"journal":{"name":"Stroitel''stvo Nauka i Obrazovanie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84159714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.22227/2305-5502.2022.3.1
N. Aniskin, S. Sergeev
Introduction. One of the possible factors acting on the stability of the slopes of an earth dam is the change of water levels in the reservoir or the downstream reservoir. A hazardous event can be a rapid drawdown of the reservoir due to, for example, an emergency or a technological necessity. Examples of collapse of ground dam slopes caused by changes in water level in the reservoir are given, as well as the results of estimation of the effect of reservoir drawdown on the stability of the upstream slope. A homogeneous enclosing dam made of loam on a non-rock base with a height of 29 m and upper and lower slopes of 1:3.5 was considered. The research was conducted for two cases of drawdown: slow drawdown with the rate of vertical water level decrease v = 0.25 m/day and fast (emergency) drawdown with the rate of v = 4.4 m/day. Materials and methods. Calculations of filtration of soil dam for steady and unsteady modes and assessment of stability of the dam slope are carried out by numerical method of finite elements using PLAXIS software package. The research statement and theoretical foundations, laid in calculations of filtration and stability of slopes are given. Results. Researches have shown that at decrease in a water level of a reservoir with the big speed the danger of infringement of stability of a slope increases. Conclusions. According to the practice of designing, the evaluation of change in the upper slope stability coefficient of the uniform ground protecting dike taking into account decrease of the water level in the reservoir taking into account filtration forces of unsteady filtration has been carried out. Variants with different rates of drawdown are considered. It is established that at high rates of drawdown the coefficient of slope stability decreases. The obtained results testify to necessity of taking into account filtration forces of unsteady filtration in evaluation of slope stability when designing homogeneous dams made of low-permeable soils.
{"title":"Stability of the earth dam slope during reservoir drawdown","authors":"N. Aniskin, S. Sergeev","doi":"10.22227/2305-5502.2022.3.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22227/2305-5502.2022.3.1","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. One of the possible factors acting on the stability of the slopes of an earth dam is the change of water levels in the reservoir or the downstream reservoir. A hazardous event can be a rapid drawdown of the reservoir due to, for example, an emergency or a technological necessity. Examples of collapse of ground dam slopes caused by changes in water level in the reservoir are given, as well as the results of estimation of the effect of reservoir drawdown on the stability of the upstream slope. A homogeneous enclosing dam made of loam on a non-rock base with a height of 29 m and upper and lower slopes of 1:3.5 was considered. The research was conducted for two cases of drawdown: slow drawdown with the rate of vertical water level decrease v = 0.25 m/day and fast (emergency) drawdown with the rate of v = 4.4 m/day. Materials and methods. Calculations of filtration of soil dam for steady and unsteady modes and assessment of stability of the dam slope are carried out by numerical method of finite elements using PLAXIS software package. The research statement and theoretical foundations, laid in calculations of filtration and stability of slopes are given. Results. Researches have shown that at decrease in a water level of a reservoir with the big speed the danger of infringement of stability of a slope increases. Conclusions. According to the practice of designing, the evaluation of change in the upper slope stability coefficient of the uniform ground protecting dike taking into account decrease of the water level in the reservoir taking into account filtration forces of unsteady filtration has been carried out. Variants with different rates of drawdown are considered. It is established that at high rates of drawdown the coefficient of slope stability decreases. The obtained results testify to necessity of taking into account filtration forces of unsteady filtration in evaluation of slope stability when designing homogeneous dams made of low-permeable soils.","PeriodicalId":30543,"journal":{"name":"Stroitel''stvo Nauka i Obrazovanie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80269117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.22227/2305-5502.2022.3.7
O. Prodous, D. Shlychkov
Introduction. The purpose of the research is to establish the criterion for assessing the pipeline operation efficiency and verify the accuracy of hydraulic design of metal pipes that have internal deposits. Materials and methods. The authors provide calculated dependences to determine the values of the characteristics of the hydraulic potential of metal pipes having internal deposits. A specific case is employed to compare the characteristics of new pipes and pipes having different thicknesses of the layer of internal deposits. The percent discrepancy between pipe characteristics is provided. Results. The authors recommend evaluating the accuracy of the hydraulic design of water supply and sewerage networks having internal deposits in reliance on the value of the operation efficiency coefficient for water supply or sewerage networks. The authors offer a formula derived to determine the value of the efficiency coefficient for the operation of water supply and sewerage networks having internal deposits on inside walls of a pipe. The authors suggest systematizing the hydraulic design of metal water supply and sewerage networks that are made of metal and have deposits on the inside of pipe walls by taking into account the thickness of the layer of internal deposits, characterized by the value of the network operation efficiency coefficient. Conclusions. Systematization of hydraulic design of water supply and sewerage networks that are made of metal and have deposits on the inside of pipe walls allows for the acceptable accuracy of its hydraulic design that takes account of the actual value of the coefficient of efficiency of pipeline operation Kef, taking into account the value of actual thickness of deposit layer σact. In other words, systematization of hydraulic design of water supply and sewerage networks, having deposits on the inside surface of metal pipes, is based on the value of their efficiency coefficient Kef, that takes into account the actual hydraulic potential of pipes (pipelines) depending on the layer of internal deposits σact.
{"title":"Water supply and sewerage networks having deposits on inside surfaces of metal pipe walls: systematization of hydraulic design","authors":"O. Prodous, D. Shlychkov","doi":"10.22227/2305-5502.2022.3.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22227/2305-5502.2022.3.7","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The purpose of the research is to establish the criterion for assessing the pipeline operation efficiency and verify the accuracy of hydraulic design of metal pipes that have internal deposits. Materials and methods. The authors provide calculated dependences to determine the values of the characteristics of the hydraulic potential of metal pipes having internal deposits. A specific case is employed to compare the characteristics of new pipes and pipes having different thicknesses of the layer of internal deposits. The percent discrepancy between pipe characteristics is provided. Results. The authors recommend evaluating the accuracy of the hydraulic design of water supply and sewerage networks having internal deposits in reliance on the value of the operation efficiency coefficient for water supply or sewerage networks. The authors offer a formula derived to determine the value of the efficiency coefficient for the operation of water supply and sewerage networks having internal deposits on inside walls of a pipe. The authors suggest systematizing the hydraulic design of metal water supply and sewerage networks that are made of metal and have deposits on the inside of pipe walls by taking into account the thickness of the layer of internal deposits, characterized by the value of the network operation efficiency coefficient. Conclusions. Systematization of hydraulic design of water supply and sewerage networks that are made of metal and have deposits on the inside of pipe walls allows for the acceptable accuracy of its hydraulic design that takes account of the actual value of the coefficient of efficiency of pipeline operation Kef, taking into account the value of actual thickness of deposit layer σact. In other words, systematization of hydraulic design of water supply and sewerage networks, having deposits on the inside surface of metal pipes, is based on the value of their efficiency coefficient Kef, that takes into account the actual hydraulic potential of pipes (pipelines) depending on the layer of internal deposits σact.","PeriodicalId":30543,"journal":{"name":"Stroitel''stvo Nauka i Obrazovanie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89703616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.22227/2305-5502.2022.3.5
Adham I. Giyazov
Introduction. Problems of waste gas heat recovery are relevant in the course production activities. Secondary thermal energy resources are the most widely spread type of energy waste. Efficient recovery of waste heat will reduce energy costs. The building of a cafeteria, that has a water-heating waste heat boiler (WHB) represents a widely spread type of industrial buildings in eastern countries, where hot water and heating can be provided by using heat waste recovered from groups of tandoor furnaces. The purpose of the research is to study unsteady convective flows of heat passing through the pipe of a tandoor heat exchanger and to develop a simple design of a small-sized, easy to manufacture, economical and safe model of a water heating device for the needs of the national economy. Materials and methods. The research is based on a comprehensive methodology employed to study, analyze and generalize thermophysical processes based on the study of convective unsteady heat flows in heat exchanger pipes of tandoor furnaces. Results. The research result represents higher thermal efficiency of the WHB installed in the building of a cafeteria due to the heating, accumulation and heat transfer by vertical finned steel heat-exchanger pipes in the cylindrical boiler in the course of convective heating by the outlet gas used as the heat carrier without returning heat to the water heating boiler. Conclusions. The cafeteria building has scientifically and practically grounded design of a WHB tandoor group, which is a vertical cylindrical tank filled with water, in which vertical outlet heat exchange pipes are placed. Heat, emitted during the operation of tandoors, is used to bake flatbreads and bread by burning wood, coal, natural gas or electric heaters. This heat heats boiler sections to supply hot water to consumers and heat the building premises. The method of finned pipes extends the field of application of the device, increasing the coefficient of heat capacity and heat exchange, as well as the capacity of equipment.
{"title":"Development of an efficient water-heating waste heat boiler","authors":"Adham I. Giyazov","doi":"10.22227/2305-5502.2022.3.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22227/2305-5502.2022.3.5","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Problems of waste gas heat recovery are relevant in the course production activities. Secondary thermal energy resources are the most widely spread type of energy waste. Efficient recovery of waste heat will reduce energy costs. The building of a cafeteria, that has a water-heating waste heat boiler (WHB) represents a widely spread type of industrial buildings in eastern countries, where hot water and heating can be provided by using heat waste recovered from groups of tandoor furnaces. The purpose of the research is to study unsteady convective flows of heat passing through the pipe of a tandoor heat exchanger and to develop a simple design of a small-sized, easy to manufacture, economical and safe model of a water heating device for the needs of the national economy. Materials and methods. The research is based on a comprehensive methodology employed to study, analyze and generalize thermophysical processes based on the study of convective unsteady heat flows in heat exchanger pipes of tandoor furnaces. Results. The research result represents higher thermal efficiency of the WHB installed in the building of a cafeteria due to the heating, accumulation and heat transfer by vertical finned steel heat-exchanger pipes in the cylindrical boiler in the course of convective heating by the outlet gas used as the heat carrier without returning heat to the water heating boiler. Conclusions. The cafeteria building has scientifically and practically grounded design of a WHB tandoor group, which is a vertical cylindrical tank filled with water, in which vertical outlet heat exchange pipes are placed. Heat, emitted during the operation of tandoors, is used to bake flatbreads and bread by burning wood, coal, natural gas or electric heaters. This heat heats boiler sections to supply hot water to consumers and heat the building premises. The method of finned pipes extends the field of application of the device, increasing the coefficient of heat capacity and heat exchange, as well as the capacity of equipment.","PeriodicalId":30543,"journal":{"name":"Stroitel''stvo Nauka i Obrazovanie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84870577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.22227/2305-5502.2022.3.3
A. Bunov, Nina V. Kornilova
Introduction. A set of calculations validating the conditions of limit states is to accompany the design of buildings and structures. Calculations of standard and non-standard combinations of loads and impacts are performed. Special loads include temperature effects from explosions and fires. Such effects greatly reduce the bearing capacity of metal structures. To protect metal structures from temperature effects, optimally selected fire proofing materials (varnishes, paints, various types of cladding) should be used. Numerical calculation methods allow analyzing the performance of building structures, exposed to temperature effects, and help select the necessary characteristics and thicknesses of fire proofing materials. Materials and methods. A metal hinged beam is used to analyze the influence of fire proofing, or lining made of fire-resistant gypsum sheets (FRGSh). Analytical and numerical methods of calculations were used to obtain the fire resistance limit of beams with cladding. The analytical method is based on the laboratory studies of fire resistance, as a result of which nomograms were obtained. The numerical method is implemented by Lira 10.12 software package. Results. Analytical and numerical methods were used to identify the fire-resistance limits for a beam that had FRGSh cladding. Temperature field mosaics in the elements along the thickness of the structure, as well as graphs of temperature changes and temperature fields in time were obtained using the numerical method. The obtained results showed good convergence. Conclusions. The use of numerical methods makes it possible to quickly and optimally select the required thickness of fire proofing for a steel structure. Calculation results are highly dependent on the characteristics of the materials in question, as well as the heat transfer environment.
{"title":"Steel structures: numerical analysis of fire proofing","authors":"A. Bunov, Nina V. Kornilova","doi":"10.22227/2305-5502.2022.3.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22227/2305-5502.2022.3.3","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. A set of calculations validating the conditions of limit states is to accompany the design of buildings and structures. Calculations of standard and non-standard combinations of loads and impacts are performed. Special loads include temperature effects from explosions and fires. Such effects greatly reduce the bearing capacity of metal structures. To protect metal structures from temperature effects, optimally selected fire proofing materials (varnishes, paints, various types of cladding) should be used. Numerical calculation methods allow analyzing the performance of building structures, exposed to temperature effects, and help select the necessary characteristics and thicknesses of fire proofing materials. Materials and methods. A metal hinged beam is used to analyze the influence of fire proofing, or lining made of fire-resistant gypsum sheets (FRGSh). Analytical and numerical methods of calculations were used to obtain the fire resistance limit of beams with cladding. The analytical method is based on the laboratory studies of fire resistance, as a result of which nomograms were obtained. The numerical method is implemented by Lira 10.12 software package. Results. Analytical and numerical methods were used to identify the fire-resistance limits for a beam that had FRGSh cladding. Temperature field mosaics in the elements along the thickness of the structure, as well as graphs of temperature changes and temperature fields in time were obtained using the numerical method. The obtained results showed good convergence. Conclusions. The use of numerical methods makes it possible to quickly and optimally select the required thickness of fire proofing for a steel structure. Calculation results are highly dependent on the characteristics of the materials in question, as well as the heat transfer environment.","PeriodicalId":30543,"journal":{"name":"Stroitel''stvo Nauka i Obrazovanie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81023302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.22227/2305-5502.2022.2.1
Sergej B. Sborshchikov, P. Zhuravlev
Introduction. The integrated and sustainable development of urban areas within the framework of urban planning is based on the principle of effective use and is embodied in urban planning solutions. Characteristic aspects of appropriate urban planning solutions encompass various technical, technological, social, environmental, economic issues and development peculiarities of urban areas and buildings. Urban planning solutions, developed for areas and buildings in need of an effective management and evaluation system and a comfortable and safe urban environment, are the subject of this research. The purpose of the research is to develop an approach to organizing the development and selection of optimal urban planning solutions towards the development and transformation of areas and buildings. Materials and methods. Due to its complexity, urban planning goes beyond traditional design and construction and needs sound and effective organization and management methods. Within the framework of this approach, organizational models of development, implementation and optimization of urban planning solutions must have the following components: object and subject of control, parameters of regulatory influence, information and technical support. Towards this end, the list of applications of urban planning solutions, their composition and characteristics are presented. Research methods include structural and functional analysis. Results. The authors have discovered that the effective management of urban planning solutions requires an information model of built-up areas that will be updated and upgraded on an ongoing basis. The mathematical description of the process of selecting optimal urban planning solutions is presented. Conclusions. The list of provisions, formulated by the authors, establishes a scientific rationale for the development and implementation of investment programmes and projects focused on the reengineering of areas and buildings, their composition and structure, establishes an effective regime and configuration of flows of regulatory impacts within the framework of urban planning activities, as well as the preconditions (conditions) of organizing the development and selection of optimal urban planning solutions.
{"title":"Organizing the development of urban planning solutions","authors":"Sergej B. Sborshchikov, P. Zhuravlev","doi":"10.22227/2305-5502.2022.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22227/2305-5502.2022.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The integrated and sustainable development of urban areas within the framework of urban planning is based on the principle of effective use and is embodied in urban planning solutions. Characteristic aspects of appropriate urban planning solutions encompass various technical, technological, social, environmental, economic issues and development peculiarities of urban areas and buildings. Urban planning solutions, developed for areas and buildings in need of an effective management and evaluation system and a comfortable and safe urban environment, are the subject of this research. The purpose of the research is to develop an approach to organizing the development and selection of optimal urban planning solutions towards the development and transformation of areas and buildings. Materials and methods. Due to its complexity, urban planning goes beyond traditional design and construction and needs sound and effective organization and management methods. Within the framework of this approach, organizational models of development, implementation and optimization of urban planning solutions must have the following components: object and subject of control, parameters of regulatory influence, information and technical support. Towards this end, the list of applications of urban planning solutions, their composition and characteristics are presented. Research methods include structural and functional analysis. Results. The authors have discovered that the effective management of urban planning solutions requires an information model of built-up areas that will be updated and upgraded on an ongoing basis. The mathematical description of the process of selecting optimal urban planning solutions is presented. Conclusions. The list of provisions, formulated by the authors, establishes a scientific rationale for the development and implementation of investment programmes and projects focused on the reengineering of areas and buildings, their composition and structure, establishes an effective regime and configuration of flows of regulatory impacts within the framework of urban planning activities, as well as the preconditions (conditions) of organizing the development and selection of optimal urban planning solutions.","PeriodicalId":30543,"journal":{"name":"Stroitel''stvo Nauka i Obrazovanie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78478400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.22227/2305-5502.2022.2.8
A. Ostyakova
Introduction. The authors address the development of river bed deformations under the influence of a water flow in conditions of a changing hydraulic regime and scroll-bar riverbed processes. The relevance of the publication is explained by the unavailability of reliable waterbed shape forecasting methods needed to ensure their normal ecological condition. Meanwhile, the analysis of the motion of solid particles is associated with the sediment flow rate at the level of saltation, and with hydraulic friction losses at the level of microforms. New dependences are proposed for the sizes of bedforms, depending on the parameters of a streamflow. Materials and methods. The influence of factors in the form of new dependencies has been proven on the basis of the study of recent and classical research works, an experimental study of the formation and development of the bottom relief in case of a change in the hydraulic regime of the streamflow. Results. The author has studied the reasons and conditions for the formation and development of bedforms at the initial stage of interaction between the flow and the riverbed, as well as the factors influencing the formation of the bottom relief which is initially smooth. Structural levels of the waterbed evolution process have been analyzed. The experimental data were analyzed to identify a universal correlation between the flow parameters and the height of the developing bottom microrelief elements, from which the resistance formula is derived that coincides with the Knoroz dependence for steepness of bedforms that complies with the Boussinesq dependence. Conclusions. The results of this study can be used to prognosticate the riverbed evolution process in case of changing hydraulic regimes of water flows in the waterbed, composed of erodible soil not only at the initial stage of formation of bedforms, but also in the course of the bottom relief development.
{"title":"Evaluation of riverbed process parameters under conditions of a changing hydraulic regime","authors":"A. Ostyakova","doi":"10.22227/2305-5502.2022.2.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22227/2305-5502.2022.2.8","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The authors address the development of river bed deformations under the influence of a water flow in conditions of a changing hydraulic regime and scroll-bar riverbed processes. The relevance of the publication is explained by the unavailability of reliable waterbed shape forecasting methods needed to ensure their normal ecological condition. Meanwhile, the analysis of the motion of solid particles is associated with the sediment flow rate at the level of saltation, and with hydraulic friction losses at the level of microforms. New dependences are proposed for the sizes of bedforms, depending on the parameters of a streamflow. Materials and methods. The influence of factors in the form of new dependencies has been proven on the basis of the study of recent and classical research works, an experimental study of the formation and development of the bottom relief in case of a change in the hydraulic regime of the streamflow. Results. The author has studied the reasons and conditions for the formation and development of bedforms at the initial stage of interaction between the flow and the riverbed, as well as the factors influencing the formation of the bottom relief which is initially smooth. Structural levels of the waterbed evolution process have been analyzed. The experimental data were analyzed to identify a universal correlation between the flow parameters and the height of the developing bottom microrelief elements, from which the resistance formula is derived that coincides with the Knoroz dependence for steepness of bedforms that complies with the Boussinesq dependence. Conclusions. The results of this study can be used to prognosticate the riverbed evolution process in case of changing hydraulic regimes of water flows in the waterbed, composed of erodible soil not only at the initial stage of formation of bedforms, but also in the course of the bottom relief development.","PeriodicalId":30543,"journal":{"name":"Stroitel''stvo Nauka i Obrazovanie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75971875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.22227/2305-5502.2022.2.4
Toropov Alexey L.
Introduction. Apartment heating requires the thermal capacity of no more than 1.0–2.5 kW; hot water preparation needs 15–25 kW. Convection gas boilers cannot operate efficiently, if a change in the range of smooth modulation reaches 20 times. Discrete modulation is triggered in the heating mode, which is also accompanied by a substantial increase in greenhouse gas emissions and a sharp decline in energy efficiency. The heating of such premises requires heat generators operating in the two ranges of thermal capacity. Materials and methods. The author analyzes the operation of a wall-mounted convection gas boiler with an atmospheric burner equipped with a three-section manifold that ensures a smooth modulation range of 2.4–6 kW, when the boiler is in the heating mode, and the modulation range of 15–24 kW, when the boiler is in the hot water supply mode (HWS). Results. The author made boiler efficiency diagrams for the heating and HWS modes during the steady boiler operation; the author also made boiler diagrams for discrete modulation modes and the regular on-off switching of the boiler. A direct method, that entailed the study of the flow rates of gas and heat conductor, as well as the boiler inlet and outlet temperatures, was employed to find the energy efficiency values. Conclusions. The use of conventional wall-mounted gas convection boilers as a source of heating for the 60 m2 premises entails discrete capacity modulation, that causes a substantial reduction in the energy efficiency of a heating system and rises greenhouse gas emissions. The application of efficiency indicators to different modes of operation of boilers does not convey the real mode of operation of a boiler during the heating period, since it entails a substantial overestimation, while wall-mounted convection boilers, having atmospheric burners with two ranges of smooth modulation, ensure highly efficient apartment heating.
{"title":"A wall-mounted gas convection boiler with an atmospheric burner operating in the double modulation mode","authors":"Toropov Alexey L.","doi":"10.22227/2305-5502.2022.2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22227/2305-5502.2022.2.4","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Apartment heating requires the thermal capacity of no more than 1.0–2.5 kW; hot water preparation needs 15–25 kW. Convection gas boilers cannot operate efficiently, if a change in the range of smooth modulation reaches 20 times. Discrete modulation is triggered in the heating mode, which is also accompanied by a substantial increase in greenhouse gas emissions and a sharp decline in energy efficiency. The heating of such premises requires heat generators operating in the two ranges of thermal capacity. Materials and methods. The author analyzes the operation of a wall-mounted convection gas boiler with an atmospheric burner equipped with a three-section manifold that ensures a smooth modulation range of 2.4–6 kW, when the boiler is in the heating mode, and the modulation range of 15–24 kW, when the boiler is in the hot water supply mode (HWS). Results. The author made boiler efficiency diagrams for the heating and HWS modes during the steady boiler operation; the author also made boiler diagrams for discrete modulation modes and the regular on-off switching of the boiler. A direct method, that entailed the study of the flow rates of gas and heat conductor, as well as the boiler inlet and outlet temperatures, was employed to find the energy efficiency values. Conclusions. The use of conventional wall-mounted gas convection boilers as a source of heating for the 60 m2 premises entails discrete capacity modulation, that causes a substantial reduction in the energy efficiency of a heating system and rises greenhouse gas emissions. The application of efficiency indicators to different modes of operation of boilers does not convey the real mode of operation of a boiler during the heating period, since it entails a substantial overestimation, while wall-mounted convection boilers, having atmospheric burners with two ranges of smooth modulation, ensure highly efficient apartment heating.","PeriodicalId":30543,"journal":{"name":"Stroitel''stvo Nauka i Obrazovanie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79356904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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