{"title":"Military Aspects of Mongolian Geopolitics","authors":"R. Bold","doi":"10.5564/mjia.v2i0.438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5564/mjia.v2i0.438","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":305582,"journal":{"name":"Mongolian Journal of International Affairs","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115581759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction In the last few years, the citizens of Mongolia1 have become increasingly preoccupied with national security, particularly as it pertains to their large neighbor to the South, China. As several articles in this journal have already demon sirs -I, this concern stretches across a wide field including environ iota, economic, political arid strategic issues. The daily press in Mongolia contains much more of the same. That this concern with national security is not restricted to one or two segments of the population but is shared by the highest leaders of the country is made clear by Mongolia’s first official national security doctrine, called the Mongol unseen undressing ayuulguj badly ouzel barbital [Concepts of Mongolia’s national security].2 This remarkable document lists no fewer than nine categories of security, most of them implicitly directed toward China.
{"title":"The Security of Mongolia","authors":"H. Schwarz","doi":"10.5564/mjia.v3i0.431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5564/mjia.v3i0.431","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction In the last few years, the citizens of Mongolia1 have become increasingly preoccupied with national security, particularly as it pertains to their large neighbor to the South, China. As several articles in this journal have already demon sirs -I, this concern stretches across a wide field including environ iota, economic, political arid strategic issues. The daily press in Mongolia contains much more of the same. That this concern with national security is not restricted to one or two segments of the population but is shared by the highest leaders of the country is made clear by Mongolia’s first official national security doctrine, called the Mongol unseen undressing ayuulguj badly ouzel barbital [Concepts of Mongolia’s national security].2 This remarkable document lists no fewer than nine categories of security, most of them implicitly directed toward China.","PeriodicalId":305582,"journal":{"name":"Mongolian Journal of International Affairs","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121135106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Origins The relations between Mongolia and India are believed to have some very deep roots. To cite but a few persons in our two countries, according to Jawaharla! Nehru, India harbors especially warm feelings toward Mongolia because “our relations go back into the distant past of more than 1500 years.”1 Professor P.C. Chowdhary of Dibrugarh University has stated that the first link between the two countries dates back to the fifth century BC2. More specifically, Mr. Mohanlal Yadu of the Government’s College Raipur Ram concluded that “a discovery of seventeen rock paintings in three shelters in the dense forests of Chitwa Dongri [Leopard Hill, 114 km from Raipur, Madhya Pradesh] has revealed startling evidence of the presence of Mongolian settlers in Central! India during the Neolithic Age [2500 to 600 BC], perhaps long before the advent of the Gupta period “3 A. Amar, Mongolian prime minister in the 1920s, opined in his brief history of Mongoiia that Mongols originated in India4 And the Ven. Kushok Bakula, Ambassador of India to Mongolia, has pointed out that the people Living in India’s Himalayan region have racial, cultural, and religious affinity to the Mongols.5 It is specifically in the northeastern part of India’s Himalayan region that evidence of ancient ties is believed to be found. Some thirty million people live there who, according to Lai Than kola, former Chief Minister of Mizoram, are Mongoloid and descended from Mongols.6 They are currently members of some twenty-nine tribes. Some Indians believe that the ancestors of these people came from Mongolia and maintained some of their customs and habits. As for evidence, they point to people living in Manipur, Arnuchal Pradesh, and Mizoram.
蒙古和印度的关系被认为有着很深的渊源。根据贾瓦哈拉的说法，这只是我们两国的几个人!尼赫鲁，印度对蒙古怀有特别温暖的感情，因为“我们的关系可以追溯到1500多年的遥远过去。Dibrugarh大学的P.C. Chowdhary教授指出，两国之间的第一次联系可以追溯到公元前5世纪。更具体地说，政府学院Raipur Ram的Mohanlal Yadu先生得出结论，“在Chitwa donggri(豹山，距离中央邦Raipur 114公里)茂密的森林中，在三个避难所发现了17幅岩画，这揭示了蒙古定居者在中部存在的惊人证据!”新石器时代(公元前2500年至公元前600年)的印度，可能早于笈多时期的到来。20世纪20年代的蒙古总理阿马尔在他的《蒙古简史》中认为，蒙古人起源于印度。印度驻蒙古大使Kushok Bakula指出，生活在印度喜马拉雅地区的人们在种族、文化和宗教上与蒙古人有亲缘关系。5特别是在印度喜马拉雅地区的东北部，人们相信发现了古代联系的证据。据米佐拉姆邦前首席部长黎丹可拉(Lai Than kola)说，那里大约有3000万人是蒙古人种，是蒙古人的后裔，他们目前是29个部落的成员。一些印度人认为，这些人的祖先来自蒙古，并保留了他们的一些习俗和习惯。至于证据，他们指出了居住在曼尼普尔邦、阿努恰尔邦和米佐拉姆邦的人们。
{"title":"Mongolia and India","authors":"O. Nyamdavaa","doi":"10.5564/mjia.v3i0.428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5564/mjia.v3i0.428","url":null,"abstract":"Origins The relations between Mongolia and India are believed to have some very deep roots. To cite but a few persons in our two countries, according to Jawaharla! Nehru, India harbors especially warm feelings toward Mongolia because “our relations go back into the distant past of more than 1500 years.”1 Professor P.C. Chowdhary of Dibrugarh University has stated that the first link between the two countries dates back to the fifth century BC2. More specifically, Mr. Mohanlal Yadu of the Government’s College Raipur Ram concluded that “a discovery of seventeen rock paintings in three shelters in the dense forests of Chitwa Dongri [Leopard Hill, 114 km from Raipur, Madhya Pradesh] has revealed startling evidence of the presence of Mongolian settlers in Central! India during the Neolithic Age [2500 to 600 BC], perhaps long before the advent of the Gupta period “3 A. Amar, Mongolian prime minister in the 1920s, opined in his brief history of Mongoiia that Mongols originated in India4 And the Ven. Kushok Bakula, Ambassador of India to Mongolia, has pointed out that the people Living in India’s Himalayan region have racial, cultural, and religious affinity to the Mongols.5 It is specifically in the northeastern part of India’s Himalayan region that evidence of ancient ties is believed to be found. Some thirty million people live there who, according to Lai Than kola, former Chief Minister of Mizoram, are Mongoloid and descended from Mongols.6 They are currently members of some twenty-nine tribes. Some Indians believe that the ancestors of these people came from Mongolia and maintained some of their customs and habits. As for evidence, they point to people living in Manipur, Arnuchal Pradesh, and Mizoram.","PeriodicalId":305582,"journal":{"name":"Mongolian Journal of International Affairs","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132439690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
About a year ago one of the visiting scholars was quite surprised when he learned that Mongolia has its own nuclear policy. Asheadmiited, he had no idea that Mongolia faced nuclear-related problems and that they directly affected the country’s foreign and security policies. The brief exchange with this person prompted this author to try to help fill the gap by identifying the most pressing nuclear-related problems that Mongolia is currently facing and by describing the measures it is taking to tackle them.
{"title":"Some Nuclear-Related Issues of Mongolia","authors":"J. Enkhsaikhan","doi":"10.5564/MJIA.V2I0.435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5564/MJIA.V2I0.435","url":null,"abstract":"About a year ago one of the visiting scholars was quite surprised when he learned that Mongolia has its own nuclear policy. Asheadmiited, he had no idea that Mongolia faced nuclear-related problems and that they directly affected the country’s foreign and security policies. The brief exchange with this person prompted this author to try to help fill the gap by identifying the most pressing nuclear-related problems that Mongolia is currently facing and by describing the measures it is taking to tackle them.","PeriodicalId":305582,"journal":{"name":"Mongolian Journal of International Affairs","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123282540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The outlook for the post-Deng era China in the Year 2000 will be dramatically different to the China that faced Deng Xiaoping and the reformers within the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party [CCP] when they embarked upon their reform program in 1978. Twenty years of reform will have transformed the society and politics of the People’s Republic of China [PRC] as well as its economy, in ways that were frankly inconceivable in the early 1980s. At that time as China embarked on its “New Long March” targets were set that were greeted with widespread skepticism by analysts outside China and not a few even within the PRC. The most derided was the aim of doubling and then redoubling output by the Year 2000 in the event it was achieved easily by 1995.1 China’s economic transformation will have been the most obvious feature of the previous twenty years of reform. Poor economic performance was replaced by fast and sustained economic growth so that it now seems likely that sometime in the second decade of the Twenty-first Century China will be the world’s largest aggregate economy. Though the command economy will still exist and remain at the heart of China’s economic system, its role will be substantially diminished, not least because economic management has moved from a system of direct intervention to one based on the introduction of market forces and the exercise of macro-economic controls.2 most dramatically in aggregate terms the state sector of the economy will produce about 27% of industrial output value and be responsible for less than a fifth of GDP.3 Reform will have effected social and political change no less significantly, not least because of the introduction of the market and the development of a
{"title":"China in the Next Century","authors":"David S. G. Goodman","doi":"10.5564/MJIA.V3I0.426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5564/MJIA.V3I0.426","url":null,"abstract":"The outlook for the post-Deng era China in the Year 2000 will be dramatically different to the China that faced Deng Xiaoping and the reformers within the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party [CCP] when they embarked upon their reform program in 1978. Twenty years of reform will have transformed the society and politics of the People’s Republic of China [PRC] as well as its economy, in ways that were frankly inconceivable in the early 1980s. At that time as China embarked on its “New Long March” targets were set that were greeted with widespread skepticism by analysts outside China and not a few even within the PRC. The most derided was the aim of doubling and then redoubling output by the Year 2000 in the event it was achieved easily by 1995.1 China’s economic transformation will have been the most obvious feature of the previous twenty years of reform. Poor economic performance was replaced by fast and sustained economic growth so that it now seems likely that sometime in the second decade of the Twenty-first Century China will be the world’s largest aggregate economy. Though the command economy will still exist and remain at the heart of China’s economic system, its role will be substantially diminished, not least because economic management has moved from a system of direct intervention to one based on the introduction of market forces and the exercise of macro-economic controls.2 most dramatically in aggregate terms the state sector of the economy will produce about 27% of industrial output value and be responsible for less than a fifth of GDP.3 Reform will have effected social and political change no less significantly, not least because of the introduction of the market and the development of a","PeriodicalId":305582,"journal":{"name":"Mongolian Journal of International Affairs","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116567936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mongolia and Northeast Asia","authors":"J. Choinkhor","doi":"10.5564/MJIA.V2I0.437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5564/MJIA.V2I0.437","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":305582,"journal":{"name":"Mongolian Journal of International Affairs","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122789141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Central Asian Security Zone","authors":"B. Baabar","doi":"10.5564/MJIA.V2I0.434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5564/MJIA.V2I0.434","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":305582,"journal":{"name":"Mongolian Journal of International Affairs","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130509676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Key Issues in Sino-Japanese Relations: Continuity and Change since the Tiananmen Incident","authors":"Nakai Yoshifumi","doi":"10.5564/mjia.v4i0.417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5564/mjia.v4i0.417","url":null,"abstract":"No abstract available. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjia.v4i0.417 Mongolian Journal of International Affairs Vol.4 2007: 28-34","PeriodicalId":305582,"journal":{"name":"Mongolian Journal of International Affairs","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116180005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Some External Aspects of Mongolia’s Security","authors":"Jargalsaykhany Enkhsaykhan","doi":"10.5564/MJIA.V4I0.420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5564/MJIA.V4I0.420","url":null,"abstract":"No abstract available. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjia.v4i0.420 Mongolian Journal of International Affairs Vol.4 2007: 54-61","PeriodicalId":305582,"journal":{"name":"Mongolian Journal of International Affairs","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123645819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The International Position of Mongolia: A Historical Overview","authors":"B. Dashtseren","doi":"10.5564/MJIA.V4I0.419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5564/MJIA.V4I0.419","url":null,"abstract":"No abstract available. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjia.v4i0.419 Mongolian Journal of International Affairs Vol.4 2007: 48-53","PeriodicalId":305582,"journal":{"name":"Mongolian Journal of International Affairs","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123750809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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