Abstract Study presents the analysis of accidents that took place in marine areas and on board of the sea units in 2017, including: vessel carrying passengers, cargo vessels and offshore drilling and production installations, as well as offshore support vessels. The aim of the article is to indicate a wide spectrum of events related to: total losses of vessels, accidents on boards of the vessels and other accidents which happened in marine areas. The study presents numerous data, which were presented in the form of graphs and tables, based on international reports and own experience gained during work experiences. The analysis also referred to data from previous years to show better spectrum of the present situation.
{"title":"The Analysis of Maritime Accidents in 2017","authors":"A. Mrozowska, P. Mrozowski","doi":"10.1515/aon-2018-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/aon-2018-0016","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Study presents the analysis of accidents that took place in marine areas and on board of the sea units in 2017, including: vessel carrying passengers, cargo vessels and offshore drilling and production installations, as well as offshore support vessels. The aim of the article is to indicate a wide spectrum of events related to: total losses of vessels, accidents on boards of the vessels and other accidents which happened in marine areas. The study presents numerous data, which were presented in the form of graphs and tables, based on international reports and own experience gained during work experiences. The analysis also referred to data from previous years to show better spectrum of the present situation.","PeriodicalId":30601,"journal":{"name":"Annual of Navigation","volume":"25 1","pages":"233 - 252"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47339942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Article presents the applications designed to perform automatic communication as a support for navigators steering their ships. Authors took into consideration the conversation between navigators in the collision situation that occurred at North Sea basin. The performed incorrect communication has been presented and alternative to it has been proposed. The results of simulation made with use of the prototype of automatic communication and negotiation system has been shown.
{"title":"The Use of Automatic Communication System on Example of a Conversation Between M/V Corcus J and M/V Baltic Ace","authors":"A. Wójcik, P. Banás","doi":"10.1515/aon-2018-0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/aon-2018-0018","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Article presents the applications designed to perform automatic communication as a support for navigators steering their ships. Authors took into consideration the conversation between navigators in the collision situation that occurred at North Sea basin. The performed incorrect communication has been presented and alternative to it has been proposed. The results of simulation made with use of the prototype of automatic communication and negotiation system has been shown.","PeriodicalId":30601,"journal":{"name":"Annual of Navigation","volume":"25 1","pages":"267 - 274"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42190418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Guarantee of the ship safety is the primary task posed for modern navigation systems. This concerns monitoring the proper ship position as well as providing accurate information about the collision threat. The proper interpretation of this information belongs to the navigator. He must take into account many variables affecting the assessment of the situation and then make the right decision regarding anti-collision manoeuvres. This assessment could be made easier for him with use some form of graphic target data presentation methods other than currently required and described in IMO performance standards. Other possible graphic presentation methods of collision information are described in the article along with the concept of their usage.
{"title":"The Risk of Collision Assessment with Graphic Forms of Target Data Presentation Use","authors":"W. Juszkiewicz","doi":"10.1515/aon-2018-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/aon-2018-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Guarantee of the ship safety is the primary task posed for modern navigation systems. This concerns monitoring the proper ship position as well as providing accurate information about the collision threat. The proper interpretation of this information belongs to the navigator. He must take into account many variables affecting the assessment of the situation and then make the right decision regarding anti-collision manoeuvres. This assessment could be made easier for him with use some form of graphic target data presentation methods other than currently required and described in IMO performance standards. Other possible graphic presentation methods of collision information are described in the article along with the concept of their usage.","PeriodicalId":30601,"journal":{"name":"Annual of Navigation","volume":"25 1","pages":"27 - 39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45854505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Vessels designed for navigation in ice can perform voyage with the assistance of icebreaker in the navigation season in case an ice cover area is less than 20%. Whereas the same vessels could carry out successfully completed voyage through the NSR with intensive icebreaker help at the ice-covered area lower than 42%. Navigation of the same vessel at ice covered area above 80% is possible with intensive icebreaker help, but it threatens to damage the hull, rudder or propeller. Excessive generalization of data analyzed may cause to wrong, even opposite conclusions. Using only basic statistical information in the form of average values and standard deviation may be not sufficient for the purpose of vessel’s voyage planning in areas covered with ice. Much more opportunities for the assessment of navigation in ice covered regions provides cumulative distribution, which should be related to the time and geographical space distribution. It allows to determine the duration of time window for given area covered with ice in a particular region and predetermined probability of its occurrence. It is thus possible to plan approximate date of departure and duration of voyage for assumed safety criteria. Also, it is possible to plan a number of consecutive voyages in a navigation season. Mathematical approach to voyage planning in ice based on a cumulative distribution is presented in the paper. It allows creation of an advisory computer application to support decision-making by the commander of a vessel. It will reduce the human factor in data processing and reduce possibility of making a mistake. By this way, can be enhanced the safety of maritime transport. Novell approach is verified on the example of historical data about the German Navy ship activity during the Second World War.
{"title":"Evaluation Criteria and Approach to Voyage Planning in Ice. Verification on the Example of German Ship Activity During the Second World War","authors":"T. Pastusiak","doi":"10.1515/aon-2018-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/aon-2018-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Vessels designed for navigation in ice can perform voyage with the assistance of icebreaker in the navigation season in case an ice cover area is less than 20%. Whereas the same vessels could carry out successfully completed voyage through the NSR with intensive icebreaker help at the ice-covered area lower than 42%. Navigation of the same vessel at ice covered area above 80% is possible with intensive icebreaker help, but it threatens to damage the hull, rudder or propeller. Excessive generalization of data analyzed may cause to wrong, even opposite conclusions. Using only basic statistical information in the form of average values and standard deviation may be not sufficient for the purpose of vessel’s voyage planning in areas covered with ice. Much more opportunities for the assessment of navigation in ice covered regions provides cumulative distribution, which should be related to the time and geographical space distribution. It allows to determine the duration of time window for given area covered with ice in a particular region and predetermined probability of its occurrence. It is thus possible to plan approximate date of departure and duration of voyage for assumed safety criteria. Also, it is possible to plan a number of consecutive voyages in a navigation season. Mathematical approach to voyage planning in ice based on a cumulative distribution is presented in the paper. It allows creation of an advisory computer application to support decision-making by the commander of a vessel. It will reduce the human factor in data processing and reduce possibility of making a mistake. By this way, can be enhanced the safety of maritime transport. Novell approach is verified on the example of historical data about the German Navy ship activity during the Second World War.","PeriodicalId":30601,"journal":{"name":"Annual of Navigation","volume":"25 1","pages":"26 - 5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48750755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract GNSS measurements can be supplemented by the information available in EGNOS system even if one has only GNSS receiver that is not processing Satellite-Based Augmentation Systems data. The article describes how to obtain the variances of ranges to the satellites used for positioning when the final antenna position and satellites’ elevation and azimuths values are recorded. To verify how the resultant estimates of position error correspond to real errors the research based on GPS receiver was conducted.
{"title":"Assessment of GNSS Position Integrity with the Use of Post-Processed EGNOS Data in the Area of Szczecin -Świnoujście Waterway","authors":"M. Bilewski, P. Zalewski","doi":"10.1515/aon-2018-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/aon-2018-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract GNSS measurements can be supplemented by the information available in EGNOS system even if one has only GNSS receiver that is not processing Satellite-Based Augmentation Systems data. The article describes how to obtain the variances of ranges to the satellites used for positioning when the final antenna position and satellites’ elevation and azimuths values are recorded. To verify how the resultant estimates of position error correspond to real errors the research based on GPS receiver was conducted.","PeriodicalId":30601,"journal":{"name":"Annual of Navigation","volume":"25 1","pages":"67 - 77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43538067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Global Navigation Satellite Systems give opportunities for atmospheric parameters analysis in behalf of solving many atmosphere monitoring tasks. The authors of this article demonstrated possibility of slant tropospheric delays determination with using precise point positioning method – PPP. The atmospheric parameters, retrieved from GNSS observations, including zenith tropospheric delays, horizontal gradients, and slant tropospheric delays, are analyzed and evaluated. It was obtained slant tropospheric delays, along the satellite path, for each satellite, at a certain elevation angle and azimuth, at each time, instead of obtaining a single zenith tropospheric delay composed of all visible satellites at one time. The results obtained proved that suggested method was correct.
{"title":"Estimation of Slant Tropospheric Delays from GNSS Observations with Using Precise Point Positioning Method","authors":"S. Savchuk, A. Khoptar","doi":"10.1515/aon-2018-0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/aon-2018-0017","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Global Navigation Satellite Systems give opportunities for atmospheric parameters analysis in behalf of solving many atmosphere monitoring tasks. The authors of this article demonstrated possibility of slant tropospheric delays determination with using precise point positioning method – PPP. The atmospheric parameters, retrieved from GNSS observations, including zenith tropospheric delays, horizontal gradients, and slant tropospheric delays, are analyzed and evaluated. It was obtained slant tropospheric delays, along the satellite path, for each satellite, at a certain elevation angle and azimuth, at each time, instead of obtaining a single zenith tropospheric delay composed of all visible satellites at one time. The results obtained proved that suggested method was correct.","PeriodicalId":30601,"journal":{"name":"Annual of Navigation","volume":"25 1","pages":"253 - 266"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41444785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In relation to the current development of the sailing, modernization and development of yacht ports and marinas are necessary. The preparations process, stages of the design, analyses and finally construction of yacht ports is time-consuming and laborious. In the article a statistical analysis of selected design parameters was described. In order to carry out the analysis a database was created based on 210 ports from different regions of the world such as: Europe, North America, Australia and South Asia. Google Earth was used to obtain the actual values of the analyzed parameters. Most of achieved results was described in the form of tables or graphs.
{"title":"Statistical Analysis of Parameters of Selected Worldwide Yacht Ports and Marinas in Terms of Design Guidelines","authors":"L. Gucma, Kinga Drwięga, Radosław Butrymowicz","doi":"10.1515/aon-2018-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/aon-2018-0014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In relation to the current development of the sailing, modernization and development of yacht ports and marinas are necessary. The preparations process, stages of the design, analyses and finally construction of yacht ports is time-consuming and laborious. In the article a statistical analysis of selected design parameters was described. In order to carry out the analysis a database was created based on 210 ports from different regions of the world such as: Europe, North America, Australia and South Asia. Google Earth was used to obtain the actual values of the analyzed parameters. Most of achieved results was described in the form of tables or graphs.","PeriodicalId":30601,"journal":{"name":"Annual of Navigation","volume":"25 1","pages":"205 - 217"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44752807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Karolina Zwolak, Y. Zarayskaya, R. Wigley, Christina Lacerda, T. Ketter, R. Anderson, E. Bazhenova, Aileen Bohan, W. Dorshow, M. Elsaied, A. Fitzcarrald, R. Falconer, T. Kearns, A. Proctor, Jaya Roperez, I. Ryzhov, H. Sade, Seeboruth Sattiabaruth, Benjamin Simpson, M. Sumiyoshi, Neil Tinmouth
Abstract The paper presents the impact that the XPRIZE Foundation competition, the Shell Ocean Discovery XPRIZE, has had on the development of current ocean mapping possibilities. A race for the prize has accelerated the development of innovative seabed mapping approaches that concentrated on new systems engineering or cutting-edge and innovative methods of existing equipment exploitation. The GEBCO - Nippon Foundation (NF) Alumni Team’s entry is presented in details as a state of the art example of mature and robust oceanmapping solution utilizing a high degree of autonomy and providing the possibilities of deepocean mapping that were unattainable before.
摘要本文介绍了XPRIZE基金会竞赛壳牌海洋发现XPRIZE对当前海洋制图可能性发展的影响。该奖项的竞争加速了创新海底测绘方法的发展，这些方法集中在新的系统工程或现有设备开发的尖端和创新方法上。GEBCO - Nippon Foundation (NF)校友团队的参赛作品被详细介绍为成熟而强大的海洋测绘解决方案的最新范例，该解决方案利用了高度的自主性，并提供了以前无法实现的深海测绘的可能性。
{"title":"The Shell Ocean Discovery Xprize Competition Impact on the Development of Ocean Mapping Possibilities","authors":"Karolina Zwolak, Y. Zarayskaya, R. Wigley, Christina Lacerda, T. Ketter, R. Anderson, E. Bazhenova, Aileen Bohan, W. Dorshow, M. Elsaied, A. Fitzcarrald, R. Falconer, T. Kearns, A. Proctor, Jaya Roperez, I. Ryzhov, H. Sade, Seeboruth Sattiabaruth, Benjamin Simpson, M. Sumiyoshi, Neil Tinmouth","doi":"10.1515/aon-2018-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/aon-2018-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The paper presents the impact that the XPRIZE Foundation competition, the Shell Ocean Discovery XPRIZE, has had on the development of current ocean mapping possibilities. A race for the prize has accelerated the development of innovative seabed mapping approaches that concentrated on new systems engineering or cutting-edge and innovative methods of existing equipment exploitation. The GEBCO - Nippon Foundation (NF) Alumni Team’s entry is presented in details as a state of the art example of mature and robust oceanmapping solution utilizing a high degree of autonomy and providing the possibilities of deepocean mapping that were unattainable before.","PeriodicalId":30601,"journal":{"name":"Annual of Navigation","volume":"25 1","pages":"125 - 136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43952091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Ship domain is one of navigational safety assessment criteria. Its shape and size depend on many factors, including visibility. This article examines the influence of visibility on the shape and dimensions of ship domain in restricted waters. The research was conducted using a simulator of the ECDIS system with the participation of experts’ navigators. The domains of ships in good and restricted visibility have been compared.
{"title":"Ship Domain in Various Visibility Conditions in Restricted Waters","authors":"Z. Pietrzykowski, M. Siemianowicz, M. Wielgosz","doi":"10.1515/aon-2018-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/aon-2018-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Ship domain is one of navigational safety assessment criteria. Its shape and size depend on many factors, including visibility. This article examines the influence of visibility on the shape and dimensions of ship domain in restricted waters. The research was conducted using a simulator of the ECDIS system with the participation of experts’ navigators. The domains of ships in good and restricted visibility have been compared.","PeriodicalId":30601,"journal":{"name":"Annual of Navigation","volume":"25 1","pages":"41 - 50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42534223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) more and more affect many areas of human activity in the world. Every day human activity around the world depends upon satellite systems for positioning, navigation and timing. As these systems are commonly used further efforts must be made to make GNSS more immune to on occurring more and more frequently incidents of jamming and spoofing. It seems that eLoran system is currently the best the technical and scientific solution to allowing for effective protection of the Global Navigation Satellite Systems. Last year the authors presented eLoran system as a potential tool for transmission of the national time signal [Curry et al., 2017]. This time the authors present abilities of additional use of the eLoran as a back-up system for GNSS.
摘要全球导航卫星系统（GNSS）越来越多地影响着世界上人类活动的许多领域。世界各地的人类活动每天都依赖于卫星系统进行定位、导航和计时。由于这些系统是常用的，必须进一步努力使全球导航卫星系统更不受越来越频繁的干扰和欺骗事件的影响。目前看来，eLoran系统是实现全球导航卫星系统有效保护的最佳技术和科学解决方案。去年，作者将eLoran系统作为传输国家时间信号的潜在工具[Curry et al.，2017]。这一次，作者介绍了将eLoran作为全球导航卫星系统的备用系统进行额外使用的能力。
{"title":"The Identification of Possible Applications of the E-Loran System","authors":"K. Czaplewski, A. Weintrit","doi":"10.1515/aon-2018-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/aon-2018-0012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) more and more affect many areas of human activity in the world. Every day human activity around the world depends upon satellite systems for positioning, navigation and timing. As these systems are commonly used further efforts must be made to make GNSS more immune to on occurring more and more frequently incidents of jamming and spoofing. It seems that eLoran system is currently the best the technical and scientific solution to allowing for effective protection of the Global Navigation Satellite Systems. Last year the authors presented eLoran system as a potential tool for transmission of the national time signal [Curry et al., 2017]. This time the authors present abilities of additional use of the eLoran as a back-up system for GNSS.","PeriodicalId":30601,"journal":{"name":"Annual of Navigation","volume":"25 1","pages":"165 - 186"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45319749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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