European Journal of Investigation in Health Psychology and Education最新文献

Emotional dysregulation (ED) has not yet been defined as a clinical entity, although it plays an important role in child and adolescent psychopathology. It is a transdiagnostic construct defined as the inability to regulate the intensity and quality of emotions to produce an appropriate emotional response, to cope with excitability, mood instability, and emotional over-reactivity. The aim of this study is to assess, in a sample of female patients with internalizing disorders and suicidal behavior, the correlation between cognitive profile (assessed with Wechsler Scales) and the dimensions of emotion regulation assessed with the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS). We also investigated whether a discrepancy between the General Ability Index (GAI) and the Cognitive Proficiency Index (CPI) could have predictive value for certain ED domains. Our results confirmed a statistically significant prediction of the ΔGAI-CPI for individual DERS domains and for the total (p = 0.014 for DERS-TOT, p = 0.04 for GOALS, p = 0.002 for STRATEGIES and p = 0.015 for CLARITY); furthermore, IAG and PRI correlate with worse ability to find ER strategies (p = 0.04, p = 0.010). These results suggest the importance of examining the impact of cognitive vulnerabilities on the ability to manage emotions and psychopathology in general, even with normal FSIQ/GAI.

Second victim syndrome (SVS) refers to the psychological trauma experienced by healthcare workers (HCWs) as a result of being involved in an adverse event (AE). Research on the prevalence of SVS and the support needed for HCWs who experience it is limited. A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Health Local Unit of Lecce, in Puglia, to identify the phenomenon of SVS among HCWs and recognize the forms of support received and desired. A validated questionnaire, IT-SVEST, was administered to doctors and nurses. The survey received responses from 250 HCWs, and 41% of respondents reported being involved in an AE that could cause SVS. Among the seven dimensions measuring the effects of the SVS and two outcome variables, the highest percentage of agreement was found for psychological distress (23.5%), followed by turnover intentions (19.8%) and physical distress (9.9%); 23.8% of the interviewees declared that they did not receive institutional support, and 9.9% identified help resources mostly in non-work-related support (9.9%), followed by supervisor support (9.3%). The multivariable binary logistic regression analysis showed a positive association between the occurrence of an AE and the medical doctor profession (OR = 4.267, p ≤ 0.0001), and affiliation to intensive care departments (OR = 5.133, p ≤ 0.0001) and male gender (OR = 2.069, p = 0.033). SVS is a serious problem that affects the entire health system, systematic surveys and appropriate institutional responses including formal support programs for affected HCWs are a priority.

The growing number of stroke survivors face physical, cognitive, and psychosocial impairments, making stroke a significant contributor to global disability. Various factors have been identified as key predictors of post-stroke outcomes. The aim of this study was to develop a standardized predictive model that integrates various demographic and clinical factors to better predict post-stroke cognitive recovery and depression in patients with ischemic stroke (IS). We included IS patients during both the acute phase and six months post-stroke and considered neuropsychological measures (screening scales, individual tests, functional cognitive scales), stroke severity and laterality, as well as functional disability measures. The study identified several key predictors of post-stroke cognitive recovery and depression in IS patients. Higher education and younger age were associated with better cognitive recovery. Lower stroke severity, indicated by lower National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores, also contributed to better cognitive outcomes. Patients with lower modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores showed improved performance on cognitive tests and lower post-stroke depression scores. The study concluded that age, education, stroke severity and functional status are the most critical predictors of cognitive recovery and post-stroke emotional status in IS patients. Tailoring rehabilitation strategies based on these predictive markers can significantly improve patient outcomes.

This study examines the relevance of interpersonal relationships in the work environment, focusing specifically on analyzing associations between positive relational management, which refers to the use of relational resources that enable adaptation to the workplace, and key organizational variables such as flourishing, individual-directed organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBis), and life satisfaction. Given the importance of this topic, a structural model is required for the possible relationship between positive relational management and other organizational variables relevant to occupational well-being. As a preliminary step, the Positive Relational Management Scale (PRMS) was analyzed and validated in a sample of 348 Spanish workers. The results revealed that the overall model has a good fit, with reliable and valid construct measures. Moreover, the three-dimensional structure of the model was confirmed, although gender invariance was not satisfied. In conclusion, the results confirm the simple mediation hypothesis, in which flourishing mediates the relationship between positive relational management and life satisfaction. In contrast, multiple mediations between the variables could not be confirmed. This study highlights the importance of interpersonal relationships for employee well-being in the workplace.

The first 16 weeks postpartum are particularly challenging for a new mother and are associated with an elevated risk of experiencing psychological distress. Guilt and shame have been identified as significant predictors of other forms of psychological distress, such as anxiety and depression. However, guilt and shame are poorly distinguished in pre-existing literature. The current study used inductive thematic analysis to explore lived experiences of guilt and shame in the early postpartum period. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 women who had given birth in the past 16 weeks and who were residing in the UK at the time of the investigation. All those interviewed had internalised unrealistic mothering ideals. Physical constraints on one's parenting abilities, due to birth recovery, exacerbated postpartum guilt and shame. Other sources of guilt and shame included body dissatisfaction and making comparisons against other mothers and media depictions of motherhood. Participants were hesitant to confide in others about parenting challenges due to fears of judgement, which perpetuated the shame-concealment cycle. Future research should prioritise the development of interventions designed to target a harsh parenting inner critic, and the re-framing of cognitive biases, to nurture more realistic and self-compassionate beliefs about motherhood. For practice, current findings mirror previous calls for intimate partners to be actively included in routine appointments, to provide healthcare practitioners with specialist training in postpartum mental health, and to educate mothers on responsible social media use.

Long COVID, or post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection, includes a variety of enduring symptoms that endure beyond the acute phase of the illness, impacting multiple facets of patients' psychological and physical health. The persistent symptoms encompass fatigue, breathing difficulties, musculoskeletal pain, and cognitive impairments, which can significantly affect daily functioning and overall quality of life. The objective of this study was to create and validate the accuracy of the Post-COVID Cognitive Impairment Scale, which is used to evaluate cognitive impairments resulting from a COVID-19 infection. This study was conducted in Iran between January and September 2023. It consisted of three phases: developing the scale, evaluating its content validity with experts, and validating its structure with 454 participants using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The exploratory factor analysis revealed two variables, namely memory and attention, which accounted for 40.38% of the variation. Confirmatory factor analysis verified the model's fit, with indices indicating satisfactory alignment: CMIN/DF = 2.80, RMSEA = 0.06, SRMR = 0.05, CFI = 0.93, and TLI = 0.92. The factor loadings were statistically significant (p < 0.001), and Cronbach's Alpha values indicated strong internal consistency (working memory = 0.81, attention = 0.80). These results affirm the Post-COVID Cognitive Impairment Scale is a valid and reliable instrument for evaluating cognitive deficiencies in individuals with long COVID. Its application in clinical and research environments aids in the prompt detection and tracking of the treatment of such impairments.

Introduction: This study aims to investigate the relationship between olfactory identification (OI) and cognitive impairment by examining OI abilities across various stages of cognitive deterioration. Methods: A total of 264 participants were divided into three groups based on cognitive status: cognitively healthy, subjective cognitive, and mild cognitive impairment. All participants were assessed using the Sniffin' Sticks Olfactory Identification test and a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery. Results: Our results highlight the main effects of age and cognitive status on OI scores. Regarding cognitive abilities, OI is associated with measures of short-term memory, long-term, working memory, and selective attention. Finally, logistic regression models showed that OI is a significant predictor for discriminating SCD from CH, MCI from CH, and MCI from SCD. Discussion: These findings suggest the addition of olfactory identification measures in neuropsychological assessments could improve the early detection of individuals at risk for cognitive impairment.

Creative self-efficacy and social skills are two elements that can significantly enhance personal and professional development. The main objective of this research is to analyze the relations established between creative self-efficacy and social skills with other variables such as self-esteem, academic performance, and life satisfaction. The participants included in the methodology of this study are a total of 238 Portuguese university students. The instruments used were the Creative Self-Efficacy Scale, the Social Skills Questionnaire (CHASO), the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), and a series of ad hoc questions to assess academic performance. The results obtained indicate the existence of significant relations between creative self-efficacy and social skills, with the latter also being positively associated with self-esteem and life satisfaction. Analyses indicate that there are significant differences according to gender, academic performance, and the level of self-esteem of the participants. In addition, variables such as self-esteem, academic performance, and fluency act as predictors of life satisfaction. The importance of further exploring and understanding the complex relationship between creative self-efficacy, social skills, and individual well-being in the university context is discussed.

Background: Since previous studies have reported contradictory findings regarding the relationship between schizophrenia and cancer, we evaluated the association between schizophrenia and cancer diagnoses.

Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, the IQVIA Disease Analyzer database was utilized to examine the incidence of cancer among patients aged over 18 years diagnosed with schizophrenia in German general practices from 2005 to 2022. Patients with schizophrenia were compared with those without the condition, with adjustments made for age, sex, index year of diagnosis, average annual practitioners visit frequency, and comorbidity. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to analyze the 10-year cumulative incidence of schizophrenia and cancer in total amongst patients with and without schizophrenia. Univariate Cox regression analysis was performed to calculate Hazard Ratios (HR) of cancer risk and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) of cancer in total and of specific cancer types.

Results: Patients with schizophrenia (N = 13.711) had a lower incidence of cancer diagnosis compared to those without (N = 68.555). Specifically, 10.4% of patients with schizophrenia and 12.5% of patients without the condition were diagnosed with cancer (p < 0.001). Cox regression analysis showed a significant association between schizophrenia and subsequent cancer in the total population (HR: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.76-0.90), and among men (HR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.61-0.80), but not among women (HR: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.84-1.04). Analyses stratified by cancer type and sex revealed a strong and significant association between schizophrenia and a decreased risk of prostate cancer in men (HR: 0.38; 95% CI: 0.24-0.61). Furthermore, there was also a negative association between schizophrenia and colorectal cancer risk in men, but statistical significance was not reached (HR: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.37-0.93).

Conclusions: This study demonstrates negative associations between schizophrenia and subsequent cancer, and more specifically in men for prostate and colorectal cancer. However, further research is required to explore the underlying reasons for these associations.

The present study aims to analyze the psychological characteristics associated with the performance of amateur athletes, exploring their relationships with key variables such as resilience, harmonious and obsessive passion, and perception of discomfort. The main objective is to establish the relationship between psychological characteristics and each of the variables used (resilience, personal competence, and acceptance of self and life), and to consider whether these are related to passion (harmonious and obsessive) through a structural equation analysis. The sample was composed of 110 persons: 87 adults (22 females, mean age 40.7 ± 9.1 years; 65 males, mean age in years 42.1 ± 11.9) and 23 adolescents (16 females, mean age 14.8 ± 1.3 years; 7 males, mean age 15.3 ± 2.1 years). Psychological characteristics were assessed using the Psychological Characteristics Related to Performance (CPRD) questionnaire, passion using the Passion Scale instrument, and resilience using the Resilience Scale (RS-14) questionnaire. The analyses were based on a structural equation model analysis (PLS-SEM). The results showed adequate coefficients of determination (R index²) and Stone-Geisser predictive relevance (Q²) for the personal competence resilience factors (R² = 0.517; Q² = 0.218) and acceptance of self and life (R² =.415; Q² = 0.231), as well as for the passion dimensions harmonious passion (R² = 0.357; Q²= 0.168) and obsessive passion (R² = 0.085; Q²= 0.034). In conclusion, a close relationship was demonstrated between psychological characteristics related to sports performance and the variables of resilience and passion (both harmonious and obsessive). In particular, it was confirmed that mental skills and stress management are linked to the dimensions of resilience, and these dimensions influence both types of passion. In addition, team cohesion and personal competence also play a crucial role in the development of passion, highlighting the importance of these factors in the assessment of sports performance and influencing the well-being of amateur athletes in their personal and sports development.