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Experimentation, Planning, and Structure in Early-Stage Ventures: Evidence from Venture Pitches 早期风险投资中的实验、计划和结构:来自风险推介的证据
Pub Date : 2020-10-16 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3179697
A. Contigiani, Trevor Young-Hyman
We examine the role of experimentation, planning, and structure in the evaluation of early-stage ventures. We hypothesize that the choice of coherent combinations – experimentation and informal structure or planning and formal structure – is associated with positive evaluations. First, using proprietary data from a venture competition, we find a positive correlation between coherent combinations and evaluations. Next, we verify the causality of this pattern through an experimental study on Amazon Mechanical Turk and find consistent results. Both in the field and the experiment, the effect is driven by evaluators with entrepreneurial experience. Overall, the evidence suggests that evaluators are sensitive to the choices of strategy and structure in early-stage ventures, contrary to the common belief that these features play little role in these organizations.
我们考察了实验、规划和结构在早期创业评估中的作用。我们假设,选择连贯的组合——实验和非正式结构或计划和正式结构——与积极的评价有关。首先,使用来自风险竞争的专有数据,我们发现连贯组合与评估之间存在正相关关系。接下来,我们通过对Amazon Mechanical Turk的实验研究验证了这一模式的因果关系,得到了一致的结果。无论是在实地还是在实验中,效果都是由具有创业经验的评估者驱动的。总的来说,证据表明,评估者对早期企业的战略和结构的选择很敏感,这与通常认为这些特征在这些组织中起不到什么作用的观点相反。
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引用次数: 1
The Impact of International Entrepreneurship On the Internationalization of Thai SMEs: The Mediating Role of Strategic Planning Practices 国际企业家精神对泰国中小企业国际化的影响:战略规划实践的中介作用
Pub Date : 2020-07-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3900524
Krisada Chienwattanasook, Krit Jarinto
The study was carried out to examine the direct impact of the international entrepreneurship on the internationalization of Thai SMEs. Additionally, the study has examined the mediating role of strategic planning practices. For the sake of present research, we used Smart PLS 3.0 for model estimation. With the help of this software, graphical path modeling can be simultaneously done for latent variables. Moreover, for the data collection, a survey-based technique was employed to collect information from the targeted respondents. For this purpose, we distributed 450 well-developed questionnaires but only 310 respondents turned them back. Consequently, out of 450 total questionnaires only 290 valid questionnaires were received, as 20 questionnaires were dropped from the data due to missing information, resulting in 64% response rate. According to the results, there is a significant positive relationship between entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and internalization. This relationship was also supported by study outcomes at p <0.05 and at 1 percent level of significance. In addition, significant relationship was found between internalization of SMEs and innovativeness (IN) which is supported by the empirical result at p <0.05 with 1 percent level of significance. Moreover, the results also supported the relationship between internalization of SMEs and pro-activeness (PR) at 1 percent level of significance and p <0.05.
本研究旨在探讨国际创业对泰国中小企业国际化的直接影响。此外,研究还考察了战略规划实践的中介作用。为了本研究的目的,我们使用Smart PLS 3.0进行模型估计。在此软件的帮助下,可以同时对潜在变量进行图形路径建模。此外,在数据收集方面,采用基于调查的技术从目标受访者那里收集信息。为此,我们发放了450份精心制作的问卷,但只有310名回答者退回。因此,在总共450份问卷中,只有290份有效问卷被收到,其中有20份问卷由于信息缺失而从数据中丢失,回复率为64%。结果表明,创业导向与内部化之间存在显著的正相关关系。研究结果也支持这种关系,p <0.05和1%的显著性水平。此外,中小企业内部化与创新(In)之间存在显著的关系,实证结果在p <0.05的水平上具有1%的显著性。此外,结果也支持中小企业内部化与积极度(PR)之间的关系在1%的显著水平上,p <0.05。
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引用次数: 2
Socially Advantaged? How Social Affiliations Influence Access to Valuable Service Professional Transactions 得天独厚的社会?社会关系如何影响获得有价值的服务和专业交易
Pub Date : 2019-07-19 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3132034
Timothy Gubler, Ryan Cooper
This paper theorizes that social capital produced by social affiliations allows service professionals to gain access to higher-value transactions through increased reputation for trustworthiness, which then aids them in further building reputation and engaging in entrepreneurship. Using a unique approach that pairs Utah residential real estate data with church congregation boundaries, we find that affiliations enable real estate agents to list 14 percent more expensive homes, and to consequently build reputation useful for future non-affiliated transactions. We observe large reputation-building benefits for early-career agents, particularly for agents in low-reputation firms. Strikingly, we find this lowers entrepreneurship entry by 6 percent. These results imply that social affiliations can substitute for reputation in selection, enabling professionals to build reputation, which then has important career implications.
本文的理论是,由社会关系产生的社会资本使服务专业人员能够通过增加可信度的声誉来获得更高价值的交易,从而帮助他们进一步建立声誉并从事创业。使用一种独特的方法,将犹他州住宅房地产数据与教会会众边界配对,我们发现关联关系使房地产经纪人能够列出14%的昂贵房屋,并因此为未来的非关联交易建立有用的声誉。我们观察到,对于初入职场的代理人,尤其是声誉不佳的公司的代理人来说,建立声誉有很大的好处。引人注目的是,我们发现这降低了6%的创业门槛。这些结果表明,社会关系可以在选择中替代声誉,使专业人员能够建立声誉,从而具有重要的职业意义。
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引用次数: 11
Integrated Marketing Communication and Perception of Small Scale Entrepreneurs in Manufacturing and Service Sector Industries 制造业和服务业中小企业家的整合营销传播与感知
Pub Date : 2018-05-23 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3183664
A. Aggarwal
Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) is one of the most important communications trends adopted by companies in the last decade. With an increase in global competition, technological advances, and more informed customers, it is important for businesses to make a powerful impact on target audiences and markets. IMC is one such step toward an integrated approach to achieving efficiency by synergy. A small business marketing communication approach is essential to the strategic, consistent growth of an entrepreneurs and business. Small Business marketing by the entrepreneurs consist of those business activities that relate directly to target markets and preparing, communicating and delivering some bundle of satisfaction to the target markets. In this context, Integrated marketing communication approach and tools proves very significant to the entrepreneurs. The purpose of this study is to analyze, understand and compare the perception of integrated marketing communication held by entrepreneurs across small scale industries in manufacturing sector and Service sector in India. This study analyses the perception of small entrepreneurs regarding whether the approach and tools of IMC have impact on their promotional activities or on promotion mix strategy. The findings of this study tended to support the approach and model of integrated marketing communication. This study suggests that IMC has become accepted practice of the small entrepreneurs also in both the manufacturing and service sector as well. Although many entrepreneurs may not be fully using IMC as a management strategy, this study suggests widespread support for the idea. There may be uncertainty among some about what IMC is and what purpose it serves. Others, who are supportive of IMC, may be uncertain or unable to implement the strategy.
整合营销传播(IMC)是近十年来企业采用的最重要的传播趋势之一。随着全球竞争的加剧、技术的进步和客户信息的增加,企业对目标受众和市场产生强大的影响是很重要的。整合营销管理就是朝着通过协同作用实现效率的综合办法迈出的这样一步。小企业营销沟通方法对企业家和企业的战略、持续增长至关重要。企业家的小企业营销包括那些与目标市场直接相关的商业活动,以及准备、沟通和向目标市场提供一些满足感。在这种背景下,整合营销传播的方法和工具对企业家来说显得尤为重要。本研究的目的是分析、理解和比较印度制造业和服务业中小企业的企业家对整合营销传播的看法。本研究分析了小型企业家对于整合营销传播的方法和工具是否对其促销活动或促销组合策略产生影响的看法。本研究的结果倾向于支持整合营销传播的方法和模式。这项研究表明,在制造业和服务业,整合营销已经成为小企业接受的做法。虽然许多企业家可能没有充分利用整合营销营销作为一种管理策略,但这项研究表明,这一想法得到了广泛的支持。有些人可能不确定IMC是什么以及它的目的是什么。其他支持整合营销营销的人可能不确定或无法实施该战略。
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引用次数: 0
Entrepreneurship, Innovation, and Political Competition: How the Public Sector Helps the Sharing Economy Create Value 创业、创新与政治竞争:公共部门如何帮助共享经济创造价值
Pub Date : 2018-03-21 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2925077
Yongwook Paik, Sukhun Kang, Robert C. Seamans
Research Summary: With the recent growth of the sharing economy, regulators must frequently strike the right balance between private and public interests to maximize value creation. In this article, we argue that political competition is a critical ingredient that explains whether cities accommodate or ban ridesharing platforms and that this relationship is moderated in more populous cities and in cities with higher unemployment rates. We test our arguments using archival data covering ridesharing bans in various U.S. cities during the 2011–2015 period. We supplement these data with semistructured interviews. We find broad support for our arguments while mitigating potential endogeneity concerns. Our study has important implications for nonmarket strategy, entrepreneurship and innovation, and public‐private partnership literatures. In addition, our findings inform policy debates on the sharing economy. Managerial Summary: Entrepreneurs and businesses oftentimes face severe regulatory barriers when commercializing innovative products and services even if the innovations are generally beneficial for consumers and the broader society. This research focuses on the political determinants of regulation to provide a better understanding of why some markets are more receptive to innovative products while other markets are more hostile to them. Using the banning of ridesharing companies (e.g., Uber and Lyft) in various U.S. cities during the 2011–2015 period, we find that elected politicians facing less political competition (i.e., not easily replaceable, serving multiple terms, longer tenure in office) were more likely to ban ridesharing companies and favor, potentially displaceable, local taxicab companies. Our research has implications for navigating the political barriers to entry.
研究总结:随着共享经济的发展,监管机构必须经常在私人利益和公共利益之间取得适当的平衡,以最大限度地创造价值。在本文中,我们认为政治竞争是解释城市是否容纳或禁止拼车平台的关键因素,并且这种关系在人口较多的城市和失业率较高的城市中得到缓和。我们使用2011-2015年期间美国各个城市的拼车禁令的档案数据来验证我们的论点。我们用半结构化访谈来补充这些数据。我们发现我们的论点得到广泛支持,同时减轻了潜在的内生性担忧。本研究对非市场战略、企业家精神和创新以及公私伙伴关系的研究具有重要的启示意义。此外,我们的研究结果为共享经济的政策辩论提供了信息。管理总结:企业家和企业在将创新产品和服务商业化时经常面临严重的监管障碍,即使这些创新通常对消费者和更广泛的社会有益。本研究侧重于监管的政治决定因素,以更好地理解为什么一些市场更容易接受创新产品,而另一些市场则对创新产品更有敌意。利用2011-2015年期间美国多个城市对拼车公司(如Uber和Lyft)的禁令,我们发现,面临较少政治竞争的当选政客(即不易被替换、任职多届、任期更长)更有可能禁止拼车公司,而青睐可能被取代的当地出租车公司。我们的研究对克服进入的政治障碍具有启示意义。
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引用次数: 68
Method Products: Sustainability Innovation as Entrepreneurial Strategy 方法产品:可持续创新创业战略
Pub Date : 2017-05-30 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2974261
Andrea L. Larson, Mark Meier
A young company distinguishes itself in an industry dominated by manufacturing giants, then must determine what products to pursue next. Suitable for MBA and undergraduate learners, this case demonstrates how new innovations present new challenges. Determined to develop a green laundry detergent, Method capitalized on its creative corporate culture. With a collaborative work environment established, innovation had become a habit on which to build further success. Excerpt UVA-ENT-0159 Rev. Sept. 27, 2010 Method Products: Sustainability Innovation as Entrepreneurial Strategy Introduction Method Products, Inc., had hit a sweet spot for its buyers by 2010. Since its founding in 2000, the privately held Method had had a clear mission: Make good-smelling, high-performing household cleaners that were healthy throughout their material life spans and packaged in attractive, eye-catching, and eco-designed containers. Said Adam Lowry, cofounder and chief “greenskeeper”: . . .
一家年轻的公司在一个由制造业巨头主导的行业中脱颖而出,然后必须决定下一步要追求什么产品。本案例适合MBA和本科学习者,展示了新的创新如何带来新的挑战。Method决心开发绿色洗衣液,利用其创新的企业文化。随着协作工作环境的建立,创新已成为一种习惯,在此基础上取得进一步的成功。Method Products:可持续性创新作为企业战略介绍Method Products, Inc.在2010年就已经达到了买家的最佳选择。自2000年成立以来,私人控股的Method一直有一个明确的使命:生产气味好、性能高的家用清洁剂,这些清洁剂在其材料使用寿命内都是健康的,并且包装在美观、醒目、环保的容器中。“绿色守护者”联合创始人兼首席执行官亚当·劳瑞说:……
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引用次数: 0
Think Globally, Act Cooperatively: Entrepreneurial Partnering between International New Ventures and Multinational Enterprises 全球思考,合作行动:国际新创企业与跨国企业之间的创业伙伴关系
Pub Date : 2017-05-10 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3028687
S. Prashantham, A. Madhok
We examine the international new venture - multinational enterprise interface, specifically the extent and nature of entrepreneurial partnering actions undertaken by internationalization-seeking new ventures vis-a-vis MNEs as an internationalization pathway. Based on three longitudinal cases in the Bangalore software industry, we identify three distinct internationalization pathways for new ventures based on their engagement with MNEs: passive, active and co-creation. These pathways exhibit increasing levels of new ventures’ entrepreneurial partnering actions and MNEs’ corresponding partnering initiatives. For both sets of firms to attain their respective ends, their strategies need to co-align through the appropriate partnering strategy and interface, which reflect these actors’ respective strategies and the “effortful” nature of INV-MNE engagement. Furthermore, we highlight that the state of the local milieu plays a vital contingency role by being more conducive to certain pathways than to others.
我们研究了国际新创企业-跨国企业的界面,特别是寻求国际化的新创企业对跨国公司作为国际化途径所采取的创业伙伴行动的程度和性质。基于班加罗尔软件行业的三个纵向案例,我们根据新企业与跨国公司的合作确定了三种不同的国际化途径:被动、主动和共同创造。在这些途径中,新创企业的创业合作行动和跨国公司相应的合作倡议水平不断提高。为了使两组公司达到各自的目的,他们的战略需要通过适当的伙伴关系战略和接口来协调一致,这反映了这些行动者各自的战略和跨国企业参与的“努力”性质。此外,我们强调,当地环境的状态起着至关重要的应急作用,因为它更有利于某些途径而不是其他途径。
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引用次数: 0
Entrepreneurial Judgment and Analysis for Successful Strategy Implementation 成功实施战略的企业家判断与分析
Pub Date : 2017-02-25 DOI: 10.24999/IJOAEM/02010006
Momin Mukherjee
This paper, describe the various challenges, findings, and recommendation regarding the biggest challenges of the strategies implementation. The primary purpose of this study is to describe the internal problems and external challenges of an organization. Internal problems include wrong management style/ directors' leadership, lack of proper policies regarding the organization are analysis here. The Insufficient financial resources, the unsound reward system for the staff, unstructured organization strategies, miscommunication among the employees of the organization, etc. are affecting the organization. The external challenges are an economical problem in the international market, political insecurity, improper use of government rules and regulations, external competitors in the world market, etc. are also discussed here.
本文描述了各种挑战、发现,并提出了有关战略实施中最大挑战的建议。本研究的主要目的是描述组织的内部问题和外部挑战。内部问题包括错误的管理风格/董事的领导,缺乏适当的政策,有关组织的分析。财务资源不足,员工奖励制度不健全,组织战略不结构化,组织员工之间沟通不畅等都在影响着组织。外部挑战是国际市场上的经济问题,政治不安全,政府规则和法规的不当使用,世界市场上的外部竞争对手等也在这里讨论。
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引用次数: 6
Competitive Dynamics in Intellectual Property Risk 知识产权风险中的竞争动态
Pub Date : 2015-11-22 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2675784
Tama M. Copeman, K. Ivanova
This paper examines the role of time delays on the path dependency of corporate growth with a focus on intellectual property in technology intensive industries and proposes a methodology for assessment of competitive risks.
本文以技术密集型产业的知识产权为研究对象,考察了时间延迟对企业成长路径依赖的影响,并提出了一种评估竞争风险的方法。
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引用次数: 3
The Effect of Family Ownership on Different Dimensions of Corporate Social Responsibility: Evidence from Large US Firms 家族所有权对企业社会责任不同维度的影响:来自美国大型企业的证据
Pub Date : 2011-10-24 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1948552
J. Block, M. Wagner
Prior research has shown that family firms differ from non-family firms with regard to aggregate measures of corporate social responsibility (CSR). We argue that CSR is a multidimensional concept that comprises several aspects, which range from employee relations to ecological concerns and product issues. Based on an organizational and family identity perspective, we argue that the effect of family ownership can differ across various CSR dimensions. Family firms can be responsible and irresponsible regarding CSR at the same time. We use a dataset of large US firms to test our hypotheses. Our Bayesian regressions show that family ownership is negatively associated with community-related CSR performance and positively associated with diversity-, employee-, environment-, and product-related aspects of CSR. The largest positive effect of family ownership on CSR performance exists with regard to product-related aspects of CSR.
先前的研究表明,家族企业与非家族企业在企业社会责任(CSR)的总体衡量标准方面存在差异。我们认为企业社会责任是一个多维的概念,包括几个方面,从员工关系到生态问题和产品问题。基于组织和家族认同的视角,我们认为家族所有权的影响在企业社会责任的各个维度上是不同的。家族企业在企业社会责任方面可以是负责任的,也可以是不负责任的。我们使用美国大型公司的数据集来检验我们的假设。我们的贝叶斯回归表明,家族所有权与社区相关的企业社会责任绩效呈负相关,与企业社会责任的多样性、员工、环境和产品相关方面呈正相关。家族所有权对企业社会责任绩效的最大正向影响存在于企业社会责任中与产品相关的方面。
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引用次数: 95
期刊
ERPN: Other Strategy (Sub-Topic)
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