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Some aspects of the objective side of the offenses provided in art. 259 of the Criminal Code 客观方面的某些方面规定了该条的违法行为。刑法第259条
Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.59295/sum3(163)2023_01
Serghei Brinza, Alexandru Strimbeanu
In the present study the following aspects are analyzed: the moment of consummation of the offenses provided in art. 259 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Moldova, as well as their prejudicial consequences; attempt and preparation in the case of the offenses provided in art. 259 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Moldova; the cause-and-effect relationship between the prejudicial act and the prejudicial consequences, provided in art. 259 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Moldova. The offenses, provided in art. 259 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Moldova, are material offenses. The position regarding the structure of the objective side of these offenses must be differentiated according to the normative modalities of the adjacent action within the prejudicial act. In the case of the offenses provided in art. 259 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Moldova, the prejudicial consequences are causally related to the adjacent action of destroying, deteriorating, changing, blocking or copying information, the malfunction of the computers, computer systems or networks, which, in turn, is causally related to the main action of illegal access to computerized information.
本研究主要从以下几个方面进行分析:第一,《刑法》规定的犯罪行为的完满时刻;《摩尔多瓦共和国刑法》第259条及其不利后果;第2条规定的犯罪的企图和准备。《摩尔多瓦共和国刑法》第259条;妨害行为与妨害后果之间的因果关系。《摩尔多瓦共和国刑法》第259条。在艺术中规定的罪行。《摩尔多瓦共和国刑法》第259条规定的罪行都是重大罪行。关于这些犯罪的客观方面结构的立场必须根据偏见行为内相邻行为的规范模式加以区分。在第2条规定的罪行的情况下。根据《摩尔多瓦共和国刑法》第259条的规定,有害后果与相邻的破坏、恶化、更改、封锁或复制信息的行为、计算机、计算机系统或网络的故障有因果关系,而这些行为又与非法获取计算机信息的主要行为有因果关系。
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引用次数: 0
Legal classifier of penitentiaries in the Republic of Moldova. Human rights problems and solutions 摩尔多瓦共和国监狱的法律分类。人权问题及其解决办法
Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.59295/sum3(163)2023_07
Oleg Pantea
This research presents an analysis of the legal fields of categorization of penitentiaries in the Republic of Moldova, correlated with the principle of individualization of punishment and other fundamental principles. Detention must fulfill the purpose for which the person was placed in a penitentiary – social security and reintegration into community. The achievement of this goal can be ensured only by creating and organizing an individualized mechanism for each detained person. A special place in this paper was dedicated to the law gaps regarding the categories and types of penitentiaries, as well as the identification of the concepts of „category” and „type” in terms of the criminal-executive law. At the same time, there were highlighted the problems arising in connection with establishing the type of penitentiary by the court and the possibility of assigning this c
这项研究分析了摩尔多瓦共和国监狱分类的法律领域,并与惩罚个体化原则和其他基本原则相联系。拘留必须实现把人关进监狱的目的- -社会保障和重新融入社区。只有为每一个被拘留者建立和组织一个个性化的机制,才能确保实现这一目标。本文专门讨论了关于监狱种类和类型的法律空白,以及刑事-行政法中“种类”和“类型”概念的确定。与此同时,有人强调指出,在由法院确定监狱类型和指派这类监狱的可能性方面所产生的问题
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引用次数: 0
Hunting during the prohibited period – hypothesis provided by art. 233 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Moldova 禁止期间的狩猎——由艺术提供的假设。《摩尔多瓦共和国刑法》第233条
Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.59295/sum3(163)2023_10
Ludmila Dumneanu, Anastasia Boldescu
To perceive the meaning of the syntagma ,,during the prohibited period”, used in art. 233 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Moldova, it is necessary to take into account the provisions of the reference normative acts for this article. Within these normative acts, the differentiation is made between the periods allowed for hunting and the periods prohibited for hunting. The normative provisions regarding the prohibited periods for hunting supplement those allowed for hunting. Law no. 298/2018 provides for the possibility of modifying the allowed terms for hunting. The Ministry of the Environment has the power to modify the hunting terms, established by law. It is imperative to abrogate the provision from let. g) subp. 5) p. 101 of Annex no. 3 to Government Decision no. 254/2021. Such a solution could exclude the unfavorable extensive interpretation of art. 233 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Moldova.
理解宪法的含义,在禁止的时期”,用于艺术。根据《摩尔多瓦共和国刑法》第233条的规定,有必要考虑到这条的参考规范性行为的规定。在这些规范性法令中,对允许狩猎的时期和禁止狩猎的时期作了区分。禁止狩猎期限的规范性规定是对允许狩猎期限的补充。法律没有。298/2018规定了修改允许狩猎条款的可能性。环境部有权修改法律规定的狩猎条件。必须从租赁中废除这一规定。subp g)。5)附件第101页。第3号政府决定254/2021。这样的解决方案可以排除对艺术不利的广泛解释。《摩尔多瓦共和国刑法》第233条。
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引用次数: 0
Considerations on the ratification of protocol no. 16 to the European convention on human rights by the Republic of Moldova 关于批准第2号议定书的考虑。摩尔多瓦共和国加入了《欧洲人权公约》第16条
Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.59295/sum3(163)2023_29
Stanislav Pavlovschi
Harmonising standards of human rights protection is one of the main aims of the European Court of Human Rights. However, one problem the institution faces is the large number of applications lodged by nationals of High Contracting Parties. According to the latest official figures, 75 650 applications are pending before the Strasbourg court. In other words, the Court has become the victim of its own success. One of the solutions to this problem is the adoption of a consultative mechanism through which judicial dialogue between the Court and the European supreme courts is strengthened. The mechanism in question was established by Protocol No. 16 to the Convention, which is to be ratified by the Republic of Moldova. It would be an important tool for national judicial authorities in strengthening the rule of law and achieving a higher level of human rights protection.
协调人权保护标准是欧洲人权法院的主要目标之一。但是,该机构面临的一个问题是缔约国国民提出的大量申请。根据最新的官方数字,斯特拉斯堡法院正在审理75 650份申请。换句话说,法院已成为其自身成功的受害者。解决这一问题的办法之一是采用一种协商机制,通过这种机制加强法院与欧洲最高法院之间的司法对话。该机制是由摩尔多瓦共和国将批准的《公约》第16号议定书设立的。这将是国家司法当局加强法治和实现更高水平的人权保护的重要工具。
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引用次数: 0
Legal regulation and functioning problems of state-guaranteed legal aid model in the Republic of Moldova 摩尔多瓦共和国国家保障法律援助模式的法律规制与运作问题
Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.59295/sum3(163)2023_21
Vadim Suhov
Legal aid is one of the conditions for a fair trial. In some cases, states guarantee its provision by establishing publicly funded systems for providing such assistance. It is obvious that the existence of these systems is impossible without the involvement of professionals capable of providing quality legal services. Moreover, the organization of the work of these specialists and the procedure for providing state-guaranteed legal assistance by them can be completely different. Each of the models used may have its own advantages and disadvantages. The state-guaranteed legal aid model that exists in the Republic of Moldova is mixed. It combines both the disadvantages and advantages of the individual models included in it, which are explored in this article. Following the study, the author joins the experts’ opinion that the state-guaranteed legal aid system existing in the Republic of Moldova is one of the most harmonious and open, with a wide network of quality legal service providers.
法律援助是公平审判的条件之一。在某些情况下,国家通过建立公共资助系统来提供这种援助。显然,如果没有能够提供优质法律服务的专业人员的参与,这些制度是不可能存在的。此外,这些专家的工作安排和他们提供国家保障的法律援助的程序可以完全不同。所使用的每种模型都可能有其自身的优点和缺点。摩尔多瓦共和国存在的由国家保证的法律援助模式是混合的。它结合了其中包含的各个模型的缺点和优点,本文将对此进行探讨。研究结束后,作者与专家们一样认为,摩尔多瓦共和国现有的国家保障的法律援助制度是最和谐和开放的制度之一,拥有广泛的优质法律服务提供者网络。
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引用次数: 0
The military potential of separatist regimes 分裂主义政权的军事潜力
Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.59295/sum3(163)2023_37
Valeriu Delighioz
This article describes the main components of the military potential, including: the number of army personnel; the weaponry and combat vehicles; the morale of the military; the number and quality of command staff; the organization, discipline and internal cohesion of the army; the degree of the development of military science and military doctrine; combat training of troops; the population preparation for the defense of the country. Based on these components, we can assess the military potential of some separatist regimes, which represent a major threat to the sovereignty, security and territorial integrity of the state. In order to successfully counteract this threat, the responsible state structures must focus all efforts on the objective and multilateral assessment of military potential and thoroughly analyze each of their components.
本文介绍了军事潜力的主要组成部分,包括:军队人员数量;武器装备和作战车辆;士气:军队的士气;指挥人员的数量和素质;军队的组织纪律和内部凝聚力;军事科学和军事理论的发展程度;部队的战斗训练;人民为保卫国家做准备。根据这些组成部分,我们可以评估一些分裂主义政权的军事潜力,这些政权对国家的主权、安全和领土完整构成重大威胁。为了成功地对付这一威胁,负责任的国家结构必须把一切努力集中于对军事潜力进行客观和多边的评估,并彻底分析其每一个组成部分。
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引用次数: 0
Some conceptual approaches to the topic of terrorism 关于恐怖主义主题的一些概念方法
Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.59295/sum3(163)2023_30
Cristina Ejova
This article is devoted to the study of defining the terrorism concept as a multifaceted social phenomenon, which is dangerous in its essence. There are considered different approaches to the terrorism definition and understanding from the scientific literature. The author emphasizes that the scientific analysis of this extremely complex issue shows that there are a multitude of interpretations of the subject of terrorism and various definitions in the field. In the specialized scientific literature, the most diverse interpretations of the terrorism topic and scientific approaches to its analysis are argued, while a series of problems of a general theoretical and scientific nature are identified. The difficulties in developing a generally accepted international legal paradigm of terrorism lies in the complexity and multifacetedness of the phenomenon, which represents a system in the process of continuous development. The differences in the conceptual approaches of terrorism are explained by the distinctions between social and state systems, by the existence of different schools and by the complexity of the regulatory object which is of different branches of law and political science.
本文致力于研究将恐怖主义概念定义为一个多方面的社会现象,其本质是危险的。对恐怖主义的定义和科学文献的理解被认为是不同的方法。作者强调,对这一极其复杂的问题的科学分析表明,对恐怖主义这一主题的解释多种多样,该领域的定义也多种多样。在专门的科学文献中,对恐怖主义主题的最多样化的解释和科学的分析方法进行了争论,同时确定了一系列具有一般理论和科学性质的问题。制定一个普遍接受的国际恐怖主义法律范式的困难在于这一现象的复杂性和多面性,它代表了一个不断发展过程中的系统。恐怖主义概念方法的差异可以通过社会和国家系统之间的差异,不同学派的存在以及法律和政治科学不同分支的监管对象的复杂性来解释。
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引用次数: 0
Collective security treaty organization 集体安全条约组织
Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.59295/sum3(163)2023_27
Nicolae Coslet
The collapse of the Soviet Union left behind an enormous territorial space, divided between 15 republics that declared their independence, forced to promptly respond to all challenges, especially those related to security, or the issue of ensuring the national security of the states always being the center of attention of the military and political leadership from all countries without exception. Thus, the states were faced with the choice, either to develop their own defense mechanisms, or to join forces to ensure their national security on a collective basis. This study aims to elucidate the premises and stages of the creation of the Collective Security Treaty Organization, as well as to analyze the role of this organization in terms of ensuring the collective security of the member states. At the same time, the objectives and principles governing the organization’s activity are presented.
苏联的解体留下了巨大的领土空间,15个共和国宣布独立,被迫迅速应对所有挑战,特别是与安全有关的挑战,或确保国家安全的问题始终是所有国家军事和政治领导人关注的中心,无一例外。因此,各国面临着选择,要么发展自己的防御机制,要么在集体基础上联合起来确保国家安全。本研究旨在阐明集体安全条约组织创建的前提和阶段,并分析该组织在确保成员国集体安全方面的作用。同时,提出了管理组织活动的目标和原则。
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引用次数: 0
The study of the topic of Moldovan diaspora in the European Union: historiographical aspects 摩尔多瓦侨民在欧盟的主题研究:史学方面
Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.59295/sum3(163)2023_33
Gheorghe Mosneaga
The following article offers a historiographic analysis of Moldovan labor migration and diaspora abroad. The article lists the primary stages of labor migration from the Republic of Moldova; its main destinations and volumes; the factors that influence the formation of communities and diaspora; the policies of exit and destination countries of Moldovan migrants; the measures taken for the return and reintegration of migrants home. The article draws attention to the aspects of migrants’ adaptation and integration into the host society. Attention is likewise given to specific problems in this regard, such as the migrants’ cohesion or division, their suspicion of governmental bodies, etc. Another touched upon aspect – the transformation of the migrants’ goals, status, and possibilities, the role and influence migrants have on the life of their exit country. The article also provides a chronological analysis of scientific interest and sources dedicated to the topic, both at home and abroad.
以下文章提供了摩尔多瓦劳工迁移和海外侨民的历史分析。本文列举了摩尔多瓦共和国劳动力迁移的初级阶段;其主要目的地和数量;影响社区和侨民形成的因素;摩尔多瓦移民出境国和目的地国的政策;为移徙者返回家园和重新融入社会所采取的措施。本文关注的是移民适应和融入东道国社会的问题。在这方面也同样注意到具体问题,例如移徙者的团结或分裂、他们对政府机构的怀疑等等。另一个涉及的方面是移民的目标、地位和可能性的转变,以及移民对其出境国生活的作用和影响。本文还按时间顺序分析了国内外对该主题的科学兴趣和来源。
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引用次数: 0
Unitary form of the state structure: concept and main features 国家结构的单一化形式:概念和主要特征
Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.59295/sum3(163)2023_25
Anatoli Kostromitchi
This article is devoted to the theoretical and legal analysis of various approaches to the definition of the unitary form of government and its main features. The study of unitary states is very relevant, this is primarily due to the fact that most states in the world are similar in terms of the form of government, but at the same time they differ greatly from each other. In addition, the study of unitary states is interesting in the context of the trend of regionalization processes taking place in various countries of the world. The study of the unitary form of government is of particular importance today, since it is determined by national, state-territorial factors, as well as specific socio-cultural conditions in different regions of the world. The article characterizes approaches to the definition of the concept of a unitary state by the criterion of inclusion in its composition (structure) autonomy. Common features characterizing unitary states are revealed. It contains general features that characterize unitary states. In conclusion, a definition is formulated, a definition of unitary states is formulated and a conclusion is made about the structure of unitary states.
本文从理论和法律的角度分析了统一政府形式的定义及其主要特征。对单一制国家的研究是非常相关的,这主要是因为世界上大多数国家在政府形式方面是相似的,但同时它们彼此之间又有很大的不同。此外,在世界各国正在发生的区域化进程趋势的背景下,对单一制国家的研究是有趣的。对单一形式政府的研究在今天尤为重要,因为它是由国家、国家-领土因素以及世界不同地区的具体社会文化条件决定的。本文以统一国家的组成(结构)自治为标准,对统一国家概念的定义方法进行了描述。揭示了单一性状态的共同特征。它包含了统一状态的一般特征。最后给出了一个定义,给出了酉态的定义,并对酉态的结构作了一个结论。
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引用次数: 0
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Studia Universitatis Moldaviae Stiinte Sociale
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