Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.59295/sum3(163)2023_13
Maria Strulea
The European Court of Human Rights has consistently noted that precarious conditions of detention are contrary to Article 3 of the Convention. As a result, the criminal procedural legislation of the Republic of Moldova provided for a compensatory remedy in case of finding the circumstances provided in article 4732 par. (3) of the Code of Criminal Procedure. Thus, in the event of such circumstances, the court orders the reduction of the custodial sentence and, regarding the remaining period, orders, as compensation, the payment in favor of the convict of a sum of money for each day in which the convict suffered a violation of conditions of detention. The question is whether compensatory remedies for inhuman conditions of detention are applicable to persons sentenced to life imprisonment.
{"title":"Compensatory remedies in the execution of life detention in comparative law","authors":"Maria Strulea","doi":"10.59295/sum3(163)2023_13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59295/sum3(163)2023_13","url":null,"abstract":"The European Court of Human Rights has consistently noted that precarious conditions of detention are contrary to Article 3 of the Convention. As a result, the criminal procedural legislation of the Republic of Moldova provided for a compensatory remedy in case of finding the circumstances provided in article 4732 par. (3) of the Code of Criminal Procedure. Thus, in the event of such circumstances, the court orders the reduction of the custodial sentence and, regarding the remaining period, orders, as compensation, the payment in favor of the convict of a sum of money for each day in which the convict suffered a violation of conditions of detention. The question is whether compensatory remedies for inhuman conditions of detention are applicable to persons sentenced to life imprisonment.","PeriodicalId":30700,"journal":{"name":"Studia Universitatis Moldaviae Stiinte Sociale","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86643524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.59295/sum3(163)2023_18
Alexandru Strimbeanu
The object of the investigation is represented by the six normative variants of the adjacent action from the composition of the prejudicial act provided in art. 259 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Moldova: 1) destroying computerized information; 2) deteriorating computerized information; 3) changing computerized information; 4) blocking computerized information; 5) copying computerized information; 6) malfunction of the computers, computer systems or networks. As a result of the examination of doctrinal opinions, relevant normative provisions and examples from national jurisprudence, one’s own view on the meaning of each of the notions that refer to the six modalities is proposed. During the investigation, the shortcomings that characterize the text of the criminal law are established and, as a result, solutions to remedy them are recommended.
{"title":"Adjacent action from the composition of the offenses provided in art. 259 of the Criminal Code","authors":"Alexandru Strimbeanu","doi":"10.59295/sum3(163)2023_18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59295/sum3(163)2023_18","url":null,"abstract":"The object of the investigation is represented by the six normative variants of the adjacent action from the composition of the prejudicial act provided in art. 259 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Moldova: 1) destroying computerized information; 2) deteriorating computerized information; 3) changing computerized information; 4) blocking computerized information; 5) copying computerized information; 6) malfunction of the computers, computer systems or networks. As a result of the examination of doctrinal opinions, relevant normative provisions and examples from national jurisprudence, one’s own view on the meaning of each of the notions that refer to the six modalities is proposed. During the investigation, the shortcomings that characterize the text of the criminal law are established and, as a result, solutions to remedy them are recommended.","PeriodicalId":30700,"journal":{"name":"Studia Universitatis Moldaviae Stiinte Sociale","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86982033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.59295/sum3(163)2023_23
Andrei Stratan
In the present study is identified the generic legal object and the subgroup legal object of the offenses provided in art. 238 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Moldova. It is noted that the generic legal object of these offenses is the economy of the Republic of Moldova, as well as the social relations related to this value. It is revealed that by law, the named offenses have the same generic legal object when they are expressed in obtaining, from the insurer, an insurance compensation or indemnity, through fraud. However, the acquisition of insurance compensation or indemnity by fraud should form the content of a separate norm, and relocated in the content of Chapter VI ”Crimes against patrimony” of the special part of the Criminal Code (along with fraud crimes). It is also noted that the offenses provided in art. 238 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Moldova are listed among criminal acts that possess the same subgroup legal object, on the basis of which they are dissociated from other economic offenses, which form other subgroups.
{"title":"The generic legal object and the subgroup legal object of the offenses provided in art. 238 of the Criminal Code","authors":"Andrei Stratan","doi":"10.59295/sum3(163)2023_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59295/sum3(163)2023_23","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study is identified the generic legal object and the subgroup legal object of the offenses provided in art. 238 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Moldova. It is noted that the generic legal object of these offenses is the economy of the Republic of Moldova, as well as the social relations related to this value. It is revealed that by law, the named offenses have the same generic legal object when they are expressed in obtaining, from the insurer, an insurance compensation or indemnity, through fraud. However, the acquisition of insurance compensation or indemnity by fraud should form the content of a separate norm, and relocated in the content of Chapter VI ”Crimes against patrimony” of the special part of the Criminal Code (along with fraud crimes). It is also noted that the offenses provided in art. 238 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Moldova are listed among criminal acts that possess the same subgroup legal object, on the basis of which they are dissociated from other economic offenses, which form other subgroups.","PeriodicalId":30700,"journal":{"name":"Studia Universitatis Moldaviae Stiinte Sociale","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89722664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.59295/sum3(163)2023_31
Olga Rudic
Today, gender equality is affected by global phenomena, and there is a need for gender equality policies to reflect the new environment, taking into account all the variables that can affect policy-related decision-making. At the same time, it is of great interest what measures are taken by countries to respond to the new challenges, what is the position of the international community and what is being done to overcome obstacles to the implementation of gender equality policies, as well as what is proving to be good practice, that could be adopted by other countries in similar situations, with the help of the relevant international organisations, bearing in mind the different levels of development of countries. In the context of the unfavourable climate for gender equality, due to two years of pandemic, many researchers have presented evidence to the scientific community that the pre-pandemic challenges to gender equality have worsened. The policies needed to restore the favourable path towards the fifth Sustainable Development Goal, which has been a topic of great importance for researchers, international organisations, but also for national governments.
{"title":"The advancement of gender equality policies in developing countries on the background of current global challenge","authors":"Olga Rudic","doi":"10.59295/sum3(163)2023_31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59295/sum3(163)2023_31","url":null,"abstract":"Today, gender equality is affected by global phenomena, and there is a need for gender equality policies to reflect the new environment, taking into account all the variables that can affect policy-related decision-making. At the same time, it is of great interest what measures are taken by countries to respond to the new challenges, what is the position of the international community and what is being done to overcome obstacles to the implementation of gender equality policies, as well as what is proving to be good practice, that could be adopted by other countries in similar situations, with the help of the relevant international organisations, bearing in mind the different levels of development of countries. In the context of the unfavourable climate for gender equality, due to two years of pandemic, many researchers have presented evidence to the scientific community that the pre-pandemic challenges to gender equality have worsened. The policies needed to restore the favourable path towards the fifth Sustainable Development Goal, which has been a topic of great importance for researchers, international organisations, but also for national governments.","PeriodicalId":30700,"journal":{"name":"Studia Universitatis Moldaviae Stiinte Sociale","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74129485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.59295/sum3(163)2023_22
Cristina Chihai
Through this scientific article, we aim to analyze the delimitation of the offence of illegal practice of financial activity from other related criminal acts. Thus, taking into account the fact that the Criminal Code of the Republic of Moldova has recently been supplemented with art. 2411, we note that the institution of delimitation of the offence of illegal practice of financial activity has not been given adequate attention in criminal doctrine. This fact contributes to controversies and dilemmas regarding the qualification of socially dangerous acts as crimes of illegal practice of financial activity. Therefore, the delimitation of the crime of illegal practice of financial activity from other crimes will determine that the legal authorities correctly frame the dangerous acts committed in the financial matter and, as a result, avoid a non-uniform practice in this context.
{"title":"Delimitation of the offence of illegal practice of financial activity from other related crimes","authors":"Cristina Chihai","doi":"10.59295/sum3(163)2023_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59295/sum3(163)2023_22","url":null,"abstract":"Through this scientific article, we aim to analyze the delimitation of the offence of illegal practice of financial activity from other related criminal acts. Thus, taking into account the fact that the Criminal Code of the Republic of Moldova has recently been supplemented with art. 2411, we note that the institution of delimitation of the offence of illegal practice of financial activity has not been given adequate attention in criminal doctrine. This fact contributes to controversies and dilemmas regarding the qualification of socially dangerous acts as crimes of illegal practice of financial activity. Therefore, the delimitation of the crime of illegal practice of financial activity from other crimes will determine that the legal authorities correctly frame the dangerous acts committed in the financial matter and, as a result, avoid a non-uniform practice in this context.","PeriodicalId":30700,"journal":{"name":"Studia Universitatis Moldaviae Stiinte Sociale","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74361807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.59295/sum3(163)2023_34
Tatiana Lungu, S. Cebotari
Moldova’s commitment to digital transformation has become increasingly clear and has accelerated both at the policy and implementation levels. In the context of the war in Ukraine, supporting and strengthening elements of the country’s digital system, such as cyber security of critical infrastructure, media literacy of citizens, and enabling environment for IT business become an imperative of the hour. Digital literacy is a clear priority of the policy of the Republic of Moldova. In order to secure services, but also in order to harmonize with the requirements and standards of the European Union (EU), the Government has introduced measures to implement some policies and strategies regarding the digitization of services. This was due to the presence of a fragmented cyber security system, a small number of cyber security cadres, but also due to weak government technical capacity. This article highlights the main actions undertaken by the country’s leadership in order to digitize public services. Also, this article highlights the gaps faced by the Republic of Moldova in the context of the digitalization of public services.
{"title":"The political-legal framework of the Republic of Moldova regarding the digitalization of public services","authors":"Tatiana Lungu, S. Cebotari","doi":"10.59295/sum3(163)2023_34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59295/sum3(163)2023_34","url":null,"abstract":"Moldova’s commitment to digital transformation has become increasingly clear and has accelerated both at the policy and implementation levels. In the context of the war in Ukraine, supporting and strengthening elements of the country’s digital system, such as cyber security of critical infrastructure, media literacy of citizens, and enabling environment for IT business become an imperative of the hour. Digital literacy is a clear priority of the policy of the Republic of Moldova. In order to secure services, but also in order to harmonize with the requirements and standards of the European Union (EU), the Government has introduced measures to implement some policies and strategies regarding the digitization of services. This was due to the presence of a fragmented cyber security system, a small number of cyber security cadres, but also due to weak government technical capacity. This article highlights the main actions undertaken by the country’s leadership in order to digitize public services. Also, this article highlights the gaps faced by the Republic of Moldova in the context of the digitalization of public services.","PeriodicalId":30700,"journal":{"name":"Studia Universitatis Moldaviae Stiinte Sociale","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81796845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.59295/sum3(163)2023_03
A. Arseni
The construction and strengthening of a democratic state governed by the rule of law, in which human dignity, human rights and freedoms, the free development of the human personality, justice and political pluralism represent the highest values and are constitutionally guaranteed, perhaps by ensuring the exercise of national sovereignty through representation, only through the application of the principle of separation of powers in the state, which represents the mechanism of degeneration towards despotism. In this article we would outline the essence of the etymology, as well as the normative concept of the ,,national sovereignty”, as well as its inherent properties. At the same time, we would argue about the dialectical connection between ,,national sovereignty” and the principle of ,,separation of powers”, which guarantees the exercise of national sovereignty through representation.
{"title":"Separation of powers - the spirit of exercising national sovereignty through representation","authors":"A. Arseni","doi":"10.59295/sum3(163)2023_03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59295/sum3(163)2023_03","url":null,"abstract":"The construction and strengthening of a democratic state governed by the rule of law, in which human dignity, human rights and freedoms, the free development of the human personality, justice and political pluralism represent the highest values and are constitutionally guaranteed, perhaps by ensuring the exercise of national sovereignty through representation, only through the application of the principle of separation of powers in the state, which represents the mechanism of degeneration towards despotism. In this article we would outline the essence of the etymology, as well as the normative concept of the ,,national sovereignty”, as well as its inherent properties. At the same time, we would argue about the dialectical connection between ,,national sovereignty” and the principle of ,,separation of powers”, which guarantees the exercise of national sovereignty through representation.","PeriodicalId":30700,"journal":{"name":"Studia Universitatis Moldaviae Stiinte Sociale","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87480630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.59295/sum3(163)2023_26
Alexandru Prisac
In this article, the general jurisdiction was analyzed as an interbranch legal institution that constitutes a premise for the existence of the judicial form of defense of civil rights. In the absence of the regulations regarding general competence, there would be no whole activity of the courts aimed at defending the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of the person. The particularities of this premise were highlighted, starting from the provisions of the legislation of the Republic of Moldova, recent amendments, judicial practice and surveys regarding the perception of legal phenomena in the Moldovan society. Those essential characteristics are presented that raise the weight of the judicial form in relation to other forms of defense of civil rights and that determine the legislator to operate the changes in the regulations of the general jurisdiction to give priority to one or another of these forms. Also, proposals are submitted to amend the legislative framework to improve it in this area.
{"title":"General competence – a premise of the existence of the civil form of defense of civil rights","authors":"Alexandru Prisac","doi":"10.59295/sum3(163)2023_26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59295/sum3(163)2023_26","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, the general jurisdiction was analyzed as an interbranch legal institution that constitutes a premise for the existence of the judicial form of defense of civil rights. In the absence of the regulations regarding general competence, there would be no whole activity of the courts aimed at defending the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of the person. The particularities of this premise were highlighted, starting from the provisions of the legislation of the Republic of Moldova, recent amendments, judicial practice and surveys regarding the perception of legal phenomena in the Moldovan society. Those essential characteristics are presented that raise the weight of the judicial form in relation to other forms of defense of civil rights and that determine the legislator to operate the changes in the regulations of the general jurisdiction to give priority to one or another of these forms. Also, proposals are submitted to amend the legislative framework to improve it in this area.","PeriodicalId":30700,"journal":{"name":"Studia Universitatis Moldaviae Stiinte Sociale","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84083074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.59295/sum3(163)2023_14
Victor Moraru, Victoria Samoilenco
The criminal subculture of people sentenced to prison produces negative effects in the prison environment, including segregation and social stratification of convicts, physical and mental abuse of certain categories of prisoners, resistance to the positive effects of resocialization actions, etc. Both theory and practice have already demonstrated that the destruction of subcultures cannot be achieved without attracting other more serious consequences, such as the formation of another subculture, but much more dangerous then the first. Under these conditions, a much more realistic objective is to weaken the effects of the subculture in the prison environment. In achieving this objective, the role of the infrastructure and the legal framework is extremely important. Moreover, in the case of the legal framework, we expressly state that it is useless without an implementation framework. In this article, we are going to explain the formation of the criminal subculture in penitentiary institutions including through infrastructural factors, and to argue that the laws for the execution of criminal sentences without a framework for their implementation have no purpose and
{"title":"The role of the infrastructure and the legal framework in reducing the effects produced by the criminal subculture of persons deprived of liberty","authors":"Victor Moraru, Victoria Samoilenco","doi":"10.59295/sum3(163)2023_14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59295/sum3(163)2023_14","url":null,"abstract":"The criminal subculture of people sentenced to prison produces negative effects in the prison environment, including segregation and social stratification of convicts, physical and mental abuse of certain categories of prisoners, resistance to the positive effects of resocialization actions, etc. Both theory and practice have already demonstrated that the destruction of subcultures cannot be achieved without attracting other more serious consequences, such as the formation of another subculture, but much more dangerous then the first. Under these conditions, a much more realistic objective is to weaken the effects of the subculture in the prison environment. In achieving this objective, the role of the infrastructure and the legal framework is extremely important. Moreover, in the case of the legal framework, we expressly state that it is useless without an implementation framework. In this article, we are going to explain the formation of the criminal subculture in penitentiary institutions including through infrastructural factors, and to argue that the laws for the execution of criminal sentences without a framework for their implementation have no purpose and","PeriodicalId":30700,"journal":{"name":"Studia Universitatis Moldaviae Stiinte Sociale","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85938235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.59295/sum3(163)2023_12
E. Nuriyev
The article considers some topical issues regarding the phenomenon of money laundering and the ways European Union is fighting with it. More than that, the work is dedicated to highlighting the aims that European Union has set for combating this problem. Preventing from the use of the European Union’s financial system for the purposes of money laundering was always on top priorities for the European Parliament and the Council. Therefore, European Union has been developing its regulatory framework for over thirty years. All these were done in order to protect integrity and stability of internal market, and to protect society from crime. As European market is among the top three biggest economy in the world, the fight against money laundering in the EU level also has a positive global effect. Moreover, the geographical location of Europe was always „attractive” for criminals to launder their illicit gains. Closing this gate for criminals can significantly diminish the volume of laundered illicit gains.
{"title":"The aim of the European Union to intensify the fight with money laundering","authors":"E. Nuriyev","doi":"10.59295/sum3(163)2023_12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59295/sum3(163)2023_12","url":null,"abstract":"The article considers some topical issues regarding the phenomenon of money laundering and the ways European Union is fighting with it. More than that, the work is dedicated to highlighting the aims that European Union has set for combating this problem. Preventing from the use of the European Union’s financial system for the purposes of money laundering was always on top priorities for the European Parliament and the Council. Therefore, European Union has been developing its regulatory framework for over thirty years. All these were done in order to protect integrity and stability of internal market, and to protect society from crime. As European market is among the top three biggest economy in the world, the fight against money laundering in the EU level also has a positive global effect. Moreover, the geographical location of Europe was always „attractive” for criminals to launder their illicit gains. Closing this gate for criminals can significantly diminish the volume of laundered illicit gains.","PeriodicalId":30700,"journal":{"name":"Studia Universitatis Moldaviae Stiinte Sociale","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81512158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：