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Chinese International Commercial Courts: Overview and Potential Questions Around It 中国国际商事法庭:概述及可能存在的问题
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-04-03 DOI: 10.20956/halrev.v8i1.3315
A. Juraeva, Khumoyun Soyipov
People’s Republic of China (PRC) established China’s International Commercial Courts (CICC) and became one of the global competitors that offers international commercial dispute settlement service. Basically, the CICC formed to assist the enhancement of the “Belt and Road Initiative”. The formation of the CICC was an important progress in the judicial system of the PRC. The Supreme People’s Court (SPC) of the PRC equips the CICC with the necessary judicial interpretation. This article analyses the establishment of the CICC and its significant features. The goal of this research is to illustrate a detailed overview and thorough research regarding to the CICC. The current work also provides answers to the potential misunderstandings around the CICC. Based on the existing works of distinguished scholars some improvements regarding to CICC is incorporated in the research. The author also provides a comprehensive analysis of the functioning and structure of the CICC.
中华人民共和国设立了中国国际商事法庭(CICC),成为提供国际商事争议解决服务的全球竞争者之一。中金公司的成立基本上是为了协助推进“一带一路”建设。中金公司的成立是中华人民共和国司法制度的重要进步。最高人民法院为中金公司提供必要的司法解释。本文分析了中金公司的成立及其重要特点。本研究的目的是详细概述和深入研究有关中金公司。目前的工作也为围绕中金公司的潜在误解提供了答案。本文在借鉴已有学者研究成果的基础上,对中金理论进行了改进。作者还对中金公司的功能和结构进行了全面分析。
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引用次数: 0
The Vulnerability of Women in Dealing with Covid-19 Pandemic: Feminist Legal Theory Approach 女性在应对新冠肺炎大流行病中的脆弱性:女权主义法律理论方法
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-12-23 DOI: 10.20956/halrev.v7i3.2350
Linda Sudiono
Women are one of the community groups most affected by Covid-19 because most are workers with lower incomes and unprotected financial security. Moreover, most women occupy the informal sector, which is more vulnerable in accessing social security guarantees. In addition, domestic violence against women increases in several countries during the pandemic. This article aims to analyze the causes of the negative impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic on Women and formulate the legal solution using the Feminist Legal Theory approach. The results show that there are broadly two causes of negative impacts for women dealing with Pandemic Covid-19. Firstly, due to the inequality in economic structure. Secondly is the gender stigmatized social structure. In this case, the feminist legal theory approach can be used to reconstruct and reform the negative impacts, as well as reanalysis the solutions in realizing women's legal justice due to the outbreak of the covid-19 pandemic. This study offers three solution methods. Firstly, analyzing the legal methods in giving gender implications and perpetuating women's subordination. Secondly, making gender the main category in conducting legal analysis. Thirdly, considering gender specificity in achieving legal equality for women.
妇女是受Covid-19影响最严重的社区群体之一,因为大多数妇女是收入较低且经济保障不受保护的工人。此外,大多数妇女在非正规部门工作,在获得社会保障方面更加脆弱。此外,在大流行期间,一些国家对妇女的家庭暴力有所增加。本文旨在分析新冠肺炎疫情对女性产生负面影响的原因,并运用女性主义法律理论方法制定法律解决方案。研究结果表明,对应对Covid-19大流行的妇女产生负面影响的原因大致有两个。首先,由于经济结构的不平等。其次是性别污名化的社会结构。在这种情况下,女性主义法理的方法可以用来重构和改革负面影响,并重新分析covid-19大流行的爆发在实现妇女法律正义方面的解决方案。本研究提供三种解决方法。首先,分析了赋予性别意蕴、使女性从属地位永久化的法律手段。第二,将性别作为法律分析的主要范畴。第三,在实现妇女法律平等方面考虑性别特殊性。
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引用次数: 6
The New European Union Whistleblowing Directive: In Comparison to Indonesia’s Practice 新的欧盟举报指令:与印度尼西亚的实践比较
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-12-15 DOI: 10.20956/halrev.v7i3.3321
József Hajdú, Rofi Aulia Rahman
With the European Union Whistleblowing Directive (2019), the topic of whistleblowing is becoming increasingly important for EU MS’s public and private entities. Whistle-blowers might play a vital role in exposing corruption, fraud and mismanagement of the EU’s supranational norms. The Directive introduced minimum standards for the protection of whistle-blowers and obliges many public and private entities to introduce their own internal whistleblowing channels. The EU also can take some lessons from Indonesia about the practice and obstacle in implementing whistleblowing system. The aim of this article is to introduce the new EU Whistleblowing Directive’s main features and some presumable obstacles for implementation. The hypothesis is that the new Directive might enhance the fairwork-place environment, roll back fraud and corruption, reduce work-related wrongdoing and manage equal treatment and no-discrimination policy including bullying and sexual harassment. However, some theoretical and pragmatic discrepancies will be introduced as well.
随着欧盟举报指令(2019)的实施,举报的话题对欧盟的公共和私人实体变得越来越重要。告密者可能在揭露腐败、欺诈和欧盟超国家规范管理不善方面发挥至关重要的作用。该指令提出了保护举报人的最低标准,并要求许多公共和私营实体建立自己的内部举报人渠道。欧盟也可以从印度尼西亚的实践和实施举报制度的障碍中吸取一些教训。本文的目的是介绍新的欧盟举报指令的主要特点和一些可能的实施障碍。其假设是,新指令可能会增强公平的工作环境,遏制欺诈和腐败,减少与工作有关的不法行为,并管理平等待遇和不歧视政策,包括欺凌和性骚扰。然而,也会引入一些理论和实践上的差异。
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引用次数: 2
Human Rights, Islamophobia, and the War on Terrorism 人权、伊斯兰恐惧症和反恐战争
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.20956/halrev.v7i3.2833
Aidir Amin Daud
Declaration of Human Rights is one of the universal law products, which has become an agreement for the civilization of nations. Hence, everyone has the right to recognition everywhere as a person before the law. One of the substances of Human Rights principles is not to allow the growth of repressive attitudes from all elements in society. Including the attitude and role of the media as the guardian of human rights. This study analyzes the role of media in the production process of anti-Muslim frames, contributing to the growth of islamophobia, thereby supporting the government's repressive efforts and ignoring human rights principles. This study is a qualitative study related to the trends and challenges of islamophobia and the war on terrorism from a global perspective. The results show that islamophobia has led to the Muslim community's discrimination, exclusion, and acceptance of prejudice. This activity creates a scourge for decision-makers in many countries with numerous attributes associated with its growth. The originality of this paper exhibits a comprehensive investigation of islamophobia, international law, and terrorism. The result also showed that the media tend to discriminate due to fanaticism, violence, and terror in many extreme religious groups, thereby encouraging the spread of islamophobia.
《人权宣言》是世界性法律的产物之一,已成为各国文明的协议。因此,每个人都有权在任何地方被承认为法律面前的人。人权原则的实质之一是不允许社会各阶层形成压制态度。包括媒体作为人权卫士的态度和作用。本研究分析了媒体在反穆斯林框架制作过程中的作用,这些框架助长了伊斯兰恐惧症的发展,从而支持了政府的镇压努力,忽视了人权原则。本研究从全球角度对伊斯兰恐惧症和反恐战争的趋势和挑战进行了定性研究。结果表明,伊斯兰恐惧症导致了穆斯林社区的歧视、排斥和接受偏见。这一活动给许多国家的决策者带来了灾难,其发展具有许多特点。本文的独创性展示了对伊斯兰恐惧症、国际法和恐怖主义的全面调查。结果还表明,由于许多极端宗教团体的狂热、暴力和恐怖,媒体往往会进行歧视,从而助长伊斯兰恐惧症的传播。
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引用次数: 3
Features of Remote Work in Ukraine and the European Union: Comparative Legal Aspect 乌克兰和欧盟远程工作的特点:比较法律方面
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.20956/halrev.v7i3.3218
O. Yaroshenko, N. Melnychuk, Sergiy Moroz, O.O. Havrylova, Yelyzaveta Yaryhina
The relevance of the study is based on the development of scientific and technological progress and the expansion of the labor market, including in the framework of international cooperation. Moreover, the introduction of quarantine due to the spread of Covid-19 has led to increased attention to remote work. The aim of the study is to analyze the legal aspects of remote work in accordance with the labor legislation of Ukraine and the European Union, focusing on the concept of remote work, the rights and obligations of remote workers. In our study, we determined that in the European Union, the key points in relation to the rights granted to teleworkers, which the countries parties to the agreement have undertaken to incorporate into their national legislation and collective agreements, are data protection; the voluntary nature of telecommuting; equipment; organization of working time; privacy. The originality of the study is based on more effective ways to improve labor productivity in Ukraine, labor discipline, compliance with labor guarantees for remote work. It is necessary to revise and legislatively regulate the key principles of compliance by employees with labor discipline, providing the employee with proper working conditions, supporting the employer in search of new opportunities to provide employees with work, improving the technical aspects of ensuring the relationship between business and government, responsibility for results and the labor process.
该研究的相关性是基于科学技术进步的发展和劳动力市场的扩大,包括在国际合作的框架内。此外,由于新冠肺炎的传播,隔离措施的引入使人们越来越关注远程工作。本研究的目的是根据乌克兰和欧盟的劳动立法,分析远程工作的法律方面,重点是远程工作的概念、远程工作者的权利和义务。在我们的研究中,我们确定,在欧盟,与赋予远程工作者的权利有关的关键点是数据保护,协议缔约国已承诺将这些权利纳入其国家立法和集体协议;远程办公的自愿性;设备安排工作时间;隐私这项研究的独创性是基于提高乌克兰劳动生产率、劳动纪律、遵守远程工作劳动保障的更有效方法。有必要修订和立法规定雇员遵守劳动纪律的关键原则,为雇员提供适当的工作条件,支持雇主寻找新的机会为雇员提供工作,改善确保企业与政府关系的技术方面,对结果和劳动过程负责。
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引用次数: 6
Air and Space Law Education: Preparing for the Future in China, Indonesia, Italy and Thailand 航空航天法教育:为中国、印度尼西亚、意大利和泰国的未来做准备
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-11-24 DOI: 10.20956/halrev.v7i3.3197
Ridha Aditya Nugraha, D. Kong, Gaia Guiso, L. Kovudhikulrungsri
Aerospace technology has developed rapidly within the last decade. Facing the future, there is an urgency to balance aerospace technology developments with providing sufficient human resources through education, in this context from the perspective of air and space law. From east to west, this article elaborates on air and space law education in four countries with different experiences in aerospace activities, namely China, Thailand, Indonesia, and Italy. The development of higher education in conducting such programs is essential to ensure that the national aerospace industry will never lack proper human resources from its own nationals, including professionals with specific air and space law expertise. Furthermore, higher education has a significant role in bridging the industry with recent developments and advising the government in setting up aviation and space policies, as in the successful case of China and Italy. In the end, this article provides policy recommendations on promoting air and space law in higher education.
航空航天技术在过去十年中发展迅速。从航空和航天法的角度来看,面对未来,迫切需要在航空航天技术发展与通过教育提供足够的人力资源之间取得平衡。本文从东到西,阐述了中国、泰国、印度尼西亚和意大利四个在航空航天活动中有不同经验的国家的航空航天法教育。开展此类项目的高等教育对于确保国家航空航天业永远不会缺乏本国国民的适当人力资源,包括具有特定航空和航天法专业知识的专业人员至关重要。此外,高等教育在将航空业与最近的发展联系起来,并在制定航空和航天政策方面为政府提供建议方面发挥着重要作用,中国和意大利的成功案例就是如此。最后,本文提出了在高等教育中推广航空航天法的政策建议。
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引用次数: 2
Protection of Migrant Workers under the ICMW: Incompatibility with Malaysian Laws and Position in ASEAN ICMW对移民工人的保护:与马来西亚法律和在东盟的地位不符
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-11-24 DOI: 10.20956/halrev.v7i3.3066
S.N. Abdul Aziz, Salawati Mat Basir
The International Convention on The Protection of The Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families (ICMW) is the only Human Rights Convention that distinguishes between normal and irregular migrants in great detail. An analysis of the situation in Malaysia, based on feedback from relevant stakeholders, shows that there are insurmountable obstacles to ratification in relation to the ambiguous policy status for migrant workers, which is based on ad hoc policies. Malaysian legislation appears to be straightforward in its approach to labour migration policies, as it defines and categorises migrants into two distinct ‘categories': registered migrant (regular migrant) and undocumented migrant (irregular migrant), regardless of ability level. This article demonstrates that, despite the barriers and incompatibilities with national laws, the Convention, which is primarily a human rights instrument aimed at protecting the fundamental rights of all migrants, could assist Malaysia in ensuring a holistic and sustainable migration management that takes into account the needs of a whole approach and support from all parties involved, including but not limited to the Malaysian government. Part I of the article will go through the history of the convention's adoption, followed by Part II on the state of Malaysia's migration laws and policies, Part III on the compatibility and incompatibility of Malaysian laws with the ICMW and the position in ASEAN, and Part IV on recommendations.
《保护所有移徙工人及其家庭成员权利国际公约》是唯一详细区分正常移徙者和非正常移徙者的人权公约。根据相关利益攸关方的反馈对马来西亚的情况进行的分析表明,移民工人的政策地位模糊不清,这是基于临时政策的,在批准方面存在着不可逾越的障碍。马来西亚立法对劳工移民政策的处理方式似乎很简单,因为它将移民定义并归类为两个不同的“类别”:注册移民(正常移民)和无证移民(非正常移民),无论能力水平如何。该条表明,尽管存在障碍和与国家法律不兼容的情况,《公约》主要是一项旨在保护所有移民基本权利的人权文书,但它可以帮助马来西亚确保全面和可持续的移民管理,考虑到整体方法的需要和所有有关各方的支持,包括但不限于马来西亚政府。文章的第一部分将介绍公约通过的历史,然后是关于马来西亚移民法律和政策现状的第二部分,关于马来西亚法律与国际移徙妇女委员会的兼容性和不兼容性以及在东盟的立场的第三部分,以及关于建议的第四部分。
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引用次数: 4
Protection of Human Rights and Freedoms in the Administrative Proceedings of the European Union 欧洲联盟行政诉讼中的人权和自由保护
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-11-24 DOI: 10.20956/halrev.v7i3.3215
Oleksandr Rastorhuiev, P. Makushev, Alla Pukhtetska, A. Hridochkin, Irina Smaznova
Since there is a problem of forming a system of modern doctrinal knowledge on protection in administrative proceedings by individuals of their rights violated in public relations, the topic under research becomes relevant. The justice in national administrative cases requires qualitative improvement taking into account European experience. The purpose of the research is to form a uniform judicial enforcement in the field of public relations, establish the rule of law, and provide fair justice. The methodological basis of this study is a set of general scientific (dialectical, analysis, and synthesis), as well as special legal (historical, comparative law, consideration and interpretation of legal norms, formal-logical) methods of scientific knowledge. The practical significance of the obtained results is that the formulated theoretical provisions, proposals and recommendations can be used: in research to conduct further research on the problems of administrative proceedings in Ukraine, ways and means of effective protection of subjective rights of individuals; in law-making for further improvement in accordance with European principles of national legislation; in the law enforcement practice of judges of administrative courts of Ukraine for consideration and resolution of public law disputes, in the protection of their rights in administrative judicial specialization by citizens and legal entities.
由于存在一个关于个人在行政诉讼中保护其在公共关系中受到侵犯的权利的现代理论知识体系的形成问题,因此所研究的主题就具有相关性。考虑到欧洲的经验,国家行政案件的司法需要提高质量。研究的目的是在公共关系领域形成统一的司法执行,建立法治,提供公正的司法。本研究的方法论基础是一套一般科学(辩证、分析和综合)以及特殊法律(历史、比较法、法律规范的考虑和解释、形式逻辑)的科学知识方法。所取得成果的现实意义在于,所制定的理论规定、建议和建议可用于:在研究中对乌克兰行政诉讼存在的问题、有效保护个人主观权利的途径和手段进行进一步研究;根据欧洲国家立法原则进一步完善立法;在乌克兰行政法院法官审议和解决公法纠纷的执法实践中,在保护公民和法人在行政司法专业化方面的权利方面。
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引用次数: 2
Book Review: Concise Theory of Road Safety by T.P. Hutchinson 《书评:简明道路安全理论》,T.P.Hutchinson著
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-07-14 DOI: 10.20956/HALREV.V7I2.3081
Mutiah Wenda Juniar
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引用次数: 0
Equal Access to the Vaccination of Covid-19 in Southeast Asia: Can ASEAN be a Catalyst? 东南亚Covid-19疫苗的平等获得:东盟能否成为催化剂?
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-07-12 DOI: 10.20956/HALREV.V7I2.2875
Muhammad Insan Tarigan, Raisha Hafandi
Since the time Covid-19 was discovered in Southeast Asia, around 2.5 million people have been infected and more than 54 thousand have died by early March 2021. Even though ASEAN members have followed most of the WHO recommendations to deal with Covid-19, cases are still liable to increase. Therefore, vaccine utilization is the best chance which people believe in to fight the pandemic for now. However, the vaccine’s availability and distribution are a dilemma for the ASEAN member countries. Therefore, this article aims to determine the possibility of ASEAN’s role in creating equal access to the Covid-19 vaccine for everyone. According to the juridical normative research, ASEAN is committed to protect and promote human rights and to realize the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). On that basis, the organization tends to play an important role in Covid-19 vaccination in Southeast Asia by cooperating with its partners to research and create the required vaccine.
自在东南亚发现Covid-19以来,截至2021年3月初,约有250万人被感染,超过5.4万人死亡。尽管东盟成员国遵循了世卫组织应对Covid-19的大部分建议,但病例仍有可能增加。因此,利用疫苗是目前人们认为与大流行作斗争的最佳机会。然而,疫苗的供应和分配对东盟成员国来说是一个难题。因此,本文旨在确定东盟在为所有人平等获得Covid-19疫苗方面发挥作用的可能性。根据司法规范研究,东盟致力于保护和促进人权,实现可持续发展目标。在此基础上,世卫组织倾向于通过与其合作伙伴合作研究和制造所需疫苗,在东南亚的Covid-19疫苗接种中发挥重要作用。
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引用次数: 4
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Hasanuddin Law Review
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