Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.1515/sspjce-2021-0008
A. Eštoková, J. Oravec
Abstract Using of waste materials and secondary products from other industries in building industry to manufacturing building materials is one way to the sustainability. However, application of various waste requires serious monitoring and investigation of the safety of the new composites. Heavy metals presence and their releasing from the building materials can pose a potential risk to the environment and human health. The paper presents the results of a study of concrete composites with blast furnace granulated slag and special hybrid cement based on secondary mineral admixtures in relation to their heavy metals leachability. Selected metals (Cr, Pb, Ba, Ni, As) have been analysed using long-term tank and cyclic testing. The concretes with slag addition and hybrid cement proved more intensive releasing of analysed metals compared to the reference concrete. The aggressiveness of extracting media was strongly affected not only by pH but by the quantity of the ions presented in the liquids before the experiment as well. Although the leached quantities were not extremely high, results confirmed the need to monitor the building products with the incorporated waste.
{"title":"Analyzing the leachability of selected heavy metals from cement composites by long-term and cyclic tests","authors":"A. Eštoková, J. Oravec","doi":"10.1515/sspjce-2021-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/sspjce-2021-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Using of waste materials and secondary products from other industries in building industry to manufacturing building materials is one way to the sustainability. However, application of various waste requires serious monitoring and investigation of the safety of the new composites. Heavy metals presence and their releasing from the building materials can pose a potential risk to the environment and human health. The paper presents the results of a study of concrete composites with blast furnace granulated slag and special hybrid cement based on secondary mineral admixtures in relation to their heavy metals leachability. Selected metals (Cr, Pb, Ba, Ni, As) have been analysed using long-term tank and cyclic testing. The concretes with slag addition and hybrid cement proved more intensive releasing of analysed metals compared to the reference concrete. The aggressiveness of extracting media was strongly affected not only by pH but by the quantity of the ions presented in the liquids before the experiment as well. Although the leached quantities were not extremely high, results confirmed the need to monitor the building products with the incorporated waste.","PeriodicalId":30755,"journal":{"name":"Selected Scientific Papers Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"6 1","pages":"105 - 115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85243065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.1515/sspjce-2021-0003
Assia Bellayoune, S. Messast
Abstract Taking into account the soil-structure interaction in the design of structures is a very decisive factor in the safety and durability of these structures. Several studies have been carried out in this direction to better describe the behavior of soil-structure interfaces. This paper presents an analysis of the maximum and minimum displacement as a function of the number of cycles of a bored pile under the effect of cyclic tensile loading. In this study, the cyclic stiffness and the displacement of the pile are expressed by a simple formulation according to the cyclic parameters, based on the exploitation of the experimental tests carried out by Benzaria (2013) on a bored pile.The proposed formulation well predicts the displacement of piles in cyclic tensile. The approach presented in this paper can be used to evaluate the maximum and the minimum displacement of the head of pile foundation subjected to large number of shear cycles.
{"title":"Estimation of pile displacements anchored in sand after a large number of cycles","authors":"Assia Bellayoune, S. Messast","doi":"10.1515/sspjce-2021-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/sspjce-2021-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Taking into account the soil-structure interaction in the design of structures is a very decisive factor in the safety and durability of these structures. Several studies have been carried out in this direction to better describe the behavior of soil-structure interfaces. This paper presents an analysis of the maximum and minimum displacement as a function of the number of cycles of a bored pile under the effect of cyclic tensile loading. In this study, the cyclic stiffness and the displacement of the pile are expressed by a simple formulation according to the cyclic parameters, based on the exploitation of the experimental tests carried out by Benzaria (2013) on a bored pile.The proposed formulation well predicts the displacement of piles in cyclic tensile. The approach presented in this paper can be used to evaluate the maximum and the minimum displacement of the head of pile foundation subjected to large number of shear cycles.","PeriodicalId":30755,"journal":{"name":"Selected Scientific Papers Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"27 5 1","pages":"35 - 44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78007778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.1515/sspjce-2021-0011
V. Václavík, M. Ondová, J. Junák, N. Junakova
Abstract Concrete is as a significant building material. Due to the fact that it is possible to incorporate by-products and industry waste into its structure, concrete represents an important sustainable material. Steel slag has a great potential for its reuse in concrete production. Despite that it is subject to volume changes over time, it can be used in concrete as a cement replacement or as a substitute for natural aggregates. The paper is focused at investigation the concretes with steel slag as a substitute of natural gravel aggregate of 4/8 mm and 8/16 mm fractions. In addition, a life cycle assessment within the system boundaries cradle-to-gate was performed. Results showed that some samples with slag have better mechanical parameters than samples with natural aggregate and significantly affect the utilization rate of non-renewable raw materials and reduce the overall negative environmental impacts of concrete up to 7 %.
{"title":"Production of non-traditional concrete based on steel slag as a way to reduce the environmental impacts","authors":"V. Václavík, M. Ondová, J. Junák, N. Junakova","doi":"10.1515/sspjce-2021-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/sspjce-2021-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Concrete is as a significant building material. Due to the fact that it is possible to incorporate by-products and industry waste into its structure, concrete represents an important sustainable material. Steel slag has a great potential for its reuse in concrete production. Despite that it is subject to volume changes over time, it can be used in concrete as a cement replacement or as a substitute for natural aggregates. The paper is focused at investigation the concretes with steel slag as a substitute of natural gravel aggregate of 4/8 mm and 8/16 mm fractions. In addition, a life cycle assessment within the system boundaries cradle-to-gate was performed. Results showed that some samples with slag have better mechanical parameters than samples with natural aggregate and significantly affect the utilization rate of non-renewable raw materials and reduce the overall negative environmental impacts of concrete up to 7 %.","PeriodicalId":30755,"journal":{"name":"Selected Scientific Papers Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"55 1","pages":"147 - 155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81395779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.1515/sspjce-2021-0001
H. Benyaghla
Abstract The calibration chamber of the 3SR INPG laboratory in Grenoble used to study the point stress and the shear, mobilized along the shaft of the pile under monotonic axial loading. The physical model used for the various tests is a standard mini-pile installed in standard sand: Fontainebleau sand. This article explores the induced effects on the bearing shear capacity of the pile as a function of time, up to the point of failure, under different monotonic loads applied after periods of rest. A series of monotonic static loading tests, were performed on the pile. Tensile load tests, uplift, were performed before and after each series of static loads. A Lateral stress was observed at the start of the experiment at the pile-soil interface. It disappears as soon as the pile is driven into the soil, due to the dilatancy of the soil. This observed phenomenon is probably due to a decrease in non-mobilized lateral friction at the start of the experiment. A study of this phenomenon will be described in this article. Likewise, the effect of the mechanical characteristics of the soil and the effect of time will be presented in the bearing capacity of the soil, as well as the total bearing capacity of the pile under monotonic static loading.
{"title":"Effect of cohesion, the friction angle and the time under static loading on the behavior of piles","authors":"H. Benyaghla","doi":"10.1515/sspjce-2021-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/sspjce-2021-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The calibration chamber of the 3SR INPG laboratory in Grenoble used to study the point stress and the shear, mobilized along the shaft of the pile under monotonic axial loading. The physical model used for the various tests is a standard mini-pile installed in standard sand: Fontainebleau sand. This article explores the induced effects on the bearing shear capacity of the pile as a function of time, up to the point of failure, under different monotonic loads applied after periods of rest. A series of monotonic static loading tests, were performed on the pile. Tensile load tests, uplift, were performed before and after each series of static loads. A Lateral stress was observed at the start of the experiment at the pile-soil interface. It disappears as soon as the pile is driven into the soil, due to the dilatancy of the soil. This observed phenomenon is probably due to a decrease in non-mobilized lateral friction at the start of the experiment. A study of this phenomenon will be described in this article. Likewise, the effect of the mechanical characteristics of the soil and the effect of time will be presented in the bearing capacity of the soil, as well as the total bearing capacity of the pile under monotonic static loading.","PeriodicalId":30755,"journal":{"name":"Selected Scientific Papers Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":"7 - 21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74554539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.1515/sspjce-2021-0004
Saida Belouahem, S. Bekkouche, M. S. Nouaouria, S. Messast, Imane Idoui
Abstract Coherent soils are very responsive in nature and are part of many human activities. They change in volume considerably with changes in moisture content. These soils are characterized by the presence of a large proportion of highly active clay minerals of the montmorillonite group which are responsible for the pronounced volume change capability of the soils. The objective of this paper is to investigate the influence of different polymers on the plasticity properties of swelling clays. A study of their physicochemical properties based on an experimental protocol in the laboratory was carried out, the results obtained showed that the addition of the different types and amounts of polymers favourably influences the behaviour of expansive soils and reduces swelling.
{"title":"Experimental Study on the Sol-Bentonite mixture stabilized by different types of Polymers","authors":"Saida Belouahem, S. Bekkouche, M. S. Nouaouria, S. Messast, Imane Idoui","doi":"10.1515/sspjce-2021-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/sspjce-2021-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Coherent soils are very responsive in nature and are part of many human activities. They change in volume considerably with changes in moisture content. These soils are characterized by the presence of a large proportion of highly active clay minerals of the montmorillonite group which are responsible for the pronounced volume change capability of the soils. The objective of this paper is to investigate the influence of different polymers on the plasticity properties of swelling clays. A study of their physicochemical properties based on an experimental protocol in the laboratory was carried out, the results obtained showed that the addition of the different types and amounts of polymers favourably influences the behaviour of expansive soils and reduces swelling.","PeriodicalId":30755,"journal":{"name":"Selected Scientific Papers Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"28 1","pages":"45 - 55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87128729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.1515/sspjce-2021-0005
J. Charvát, J. Svoboda, K. Máčalová, R. Papesch, T. Dvorský, V. Václavík
Abstract This article presents the results of the possible utilization of construction waste as the filler substitute in the production of cement composites. It describes the representation of the individual material components in the sample of mixed construction recyclate with the fraction of 0/4 mm. It also presents the results of a grain analysis of mixed construction recyclate, experimental formulations of cement composites, test specimen preparation procedure, results of compressive and flexural strength tests of the individual mixtures which were tested after 28 and 90 days.
{"title":"Use of construction waste and recycled rubber for the preparation of cement composites","authors":"J. Charvát, J. Svoboda, K. Máčalová, R. Papesch, T. Dvorský, V. Václavík","doi":"10.1515/sspjce-2021-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/sspjce-2021-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article presents the results of the possible utilization of construction waste as the filler substitute in the production of cement composites. It describes the representation of the individual material components in the sample of mixed construction recyclate with the fraction of 0/4 mm. It also presents the results of a grain analysis of mixed construction recyclate, experimental formulations of cement composites, test specimen preparation procedure, results of compressive and flexural strength tests of the individual mixtures which were tested after 28 and 90 days.","PeriodicalId":30755,"journal":{"name":"Selected Scientific Papers Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"46 1","pages":"57 - 66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78762922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.1515/sspjce-2021-0010
F. Benayoun, D. Boumezerane, S. Bekkouche
Abstract In this paper a finite-element analysis was carried out using Plaxis2D software to model a vertical cut reinforced by nails. Optimization of the effect of three input parameters on stability design is a key element of the analysis. We compare results obtained by three techniques of design optimization; Taguchi’s Design of Experiment (DOE), Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The effect of three input factors on stability design was considered: nail length to wall height ratio (A), nail inclination (B) and vertical spacing (C). By altering the parameter variables, the design served to build and acquire a statistically significant mathematical model for optimizing soil nailing wall parameters. The aim is to minimize a single objective function of safety factor and identify the optimal parameters of design among all possibilities. DOE method and result analysis were carried out using MINITAB 18 software, while GA and PSO algorithm analysis were implemented by coding in MATLAB. According to the results, it was found that 9m of length, 2m of vertical spacing and 10° of inclination is the optimal combination minimizing safety factor. The results produced from this study show that all three techniques arrive at the same optimal combination of minimum response.
{"title":"Techniques for Optimizing Parameters of Soil Nailed Vertical Cut","authors":"F. Benayoun, D. Boumezerane, S. Bekkouche","doi":"10.1515/sspjce-2021-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/sspjce-2021-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this paper a finite-element analysis was carried out using Plaxis2D software to model a vertical cut reinforced by nails. Optimization of the effect of three input parameters on stability design is a key element of the analysis. We compare results obtained by three techniques of design optimization; Taguchi’s Design of Experiment (DOE), Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The effect of three input factors on stability design was considered: nail length to wall height ratio (A), nail inclination (B) and vertical spacing (C). By altering the parameter variables, the design served to build and acquire a statistically significant mathematical model for optimizing soil nailing wall parameters. The aim is to minimize a single objective function of safety factor and identify the optimal parameters of design among all possibilities. DOE method and result analysis were carried out using MINITAB 18 software, while GA and PSO algorithm analysis were implemented by coding in MATLAB. According to the results, it was found that 9m of length, 2m of vertical spacing and 10° of inclination is the optimal combination minimizing safety factor. The results produced from this study show that all three techniques arrive at the same optimal combination of minimum response.","PeriodicalId":30755,"journal":{"name":"Selected Scientific Papers Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"17 4 1","pages":"131 - 145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75548173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ivona Nedevska, Z. Zafirovski, Slobodan Ognjenović, R. Ristov, Vasko Gacevski
Methodology analyzing capacity and of service using augmentation of motorization level leads us to the need for mobility and demands better infrastructure, in urban and suburban areas. The complexity problem is especially notable in urban areas where the space delimitations, functional characteristics and different transportation be The intersection between boulevard Krste Petkov Misirkov and boulevard Goce Delcev, in Skopje, been analysed with the methodology for capacity and level of service, according to Highway Capacity Manual. Both boulevards are with three lanes before the intersection, and two additional lanes for left and right turns in the intersection area, and this is one of the most frequent intersections in Skopje. Number of vehicles is determined by measuring the traffic, and those inputs are used to analyse three solutions: The current solution (signalized intersection), Roundabout and interchange (levelled roundabout). Calculations are based on custom measurements within a week.
{"title":"METHODOLOGY FOR ANALYZING CAPACITY AND LEVEL OF SERVICE USING HCM 2000","authors":"Ivona Nedevska, Z. Zafirovski, Slobodan Ognjenović, R. Ristov, Vasko Gacevski","doi":"10.55302/sjce21102053n","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55302/sjce21102053n","url":null,"abstract":"Methodology analyzing capacity and of service using augmentation of motorization level leads us to the need for mobility and demands better infrastructure, in urban and suburban areas. The complexity problem is especially notable in urban areas where the space delimitations, functional characteristics and different transportation be The intersection between boulevard Krste Petkov Misirkov and boulevard Goce Delcev, in Skopje, been analysed with the methodology for capacity and level of service, according to Highway Capacity Manual. Both boulevards are with three lanes before the intersection, and two additional lanes for left and right turns in the intersection area, and this is one of the most frequent intersections in Skopje. Number of vehicles is determined by measuring the traffic, and those inputs are used to analyse three solutions: The current solution (signalized intersection), Roundabout and interchange (levelled roundabout). Calculations are based on custom measurements within a week.","PeriodicalId":30755,"journal":{"name":"Selected Scientific Papers Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85200483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Marinković, M. Jovanovski, Elefterija Zlatanović, Zoran Bonić, Nebojša Davidović
of swelling. The paper deals with the general principles of chemical soil treatment, whereby a special attention is paid to the application of lime as a chemical stabilizer, which has been shown to be particularly effective in the case of clayey soil. Lastly, the advantages and limitations of this soil stabilization technique are considered, as well as possible directions for its improvement. compaction and unconfined compressive strength were investigated. The results show that, for the examined Series I, II and III, the improvement occurs 7 days, 14 days and 28 days after the treatment, respectively.
{"title":"CHEMICAL STABILIZATION OF SOIL USING LIME AS A CHEMICAL REAGENT","authors":"N. Marinković, M. Jovanovski, Elefterija Zlatanović, Zoran Bonić, Nebojša Davidović","doi":"10.55302/sjce21102037m","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55302/sjce21102037m","url":null,"abstract":"of swelling. The paper deals with the general principles of chemical soil treatment, whereby a special attention is paid to the application of lime as a chemical stabilizer, which has been shown to be particularly effective in the case of clayey soil. Lastly, the advantages and limitations of this soil stabilization technique are considered, as well as possible directions for its improvement. compaction and unconfined compressive strength were investigated. The results show that, for the examined Series I, II and III, the improvement occurs 7 days, 14 days and 28 days after the treatment, respectively.","PeriodicalId":30755,"journal":{"name":"Selected Scientific Papers Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"138 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82262156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"APPLICATION OF HEC-RAS FOR ANALYSIS OF FLOOD ZONES","authors":"Violeta Gjeshovska, Bojan Ilioski","doi":"10.55302/sjce21102005gj","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55302/sjce21102005gj","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":30755,"journal":{"name":"Selected Scientific Papers Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82121228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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