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Impact of different cover crops and termination methods on collard yield 不同覆盖作物及终止方式对羽衣甘蓝产量的影响
Pub Date : 2020-01-12 DOI: 10.17830/J.EAJ.2019.06.60
T. Kornecki
A three-year experiment was conducted in Cullman, AL, to determine the impact of iron clay pea, sunn-hemp, soybean, velvet Bean, sorghum Sudan, and pearl millet cover crops terminated with two methods (rolling and flail mowing) on collard (brassica oleracea var. acephala, L.) yield.  Overall, each of the three growing seasons (2013, 2014, and 2015) produced significant differences in cover crop biomass production among cover crops.  Across three growing seasons sorghum Sudan and Pearl Millet generated the highest biomass (23,752 and 23,333 kg ha -1 respectively). During the same period, sunn hemp produced 10,908 kg/ha -1 and soybean, velvet bean and iron clay pea produced lower biomass (6,754, 6,068, and 4,360 kg ha -1 , respectively).  Termination rates of cover crops used in this study were mostly below 90%. Termination rates above 90% have been recommended by agricultural extension services to plant cash crop into cover crop residue. In all three growing seasons volumetric soil moisture content during evaluation have showed that plots with rolled residue consistently held more VMC than the standing cover crops, indicating that rolled cover crop residue better preserved soil moisture content.  Collard green yield was significantly different in each growing season for different covers and termination methods. Averaged over three growing seasons, the highest collard yield was observed for iron clay pea (12,623 kg ha -1 ), Velvet bean (11,020 kg ha -1 ) and sunn hemp (10,802 kg ha -1 ).  Data suggest that higher collard yield was obtained with legume cover crops with the benefit of released nitrogen into the soil and utilized by collards. In addition, across all years, the average collard green yield was higher for cover crops which were flail mowed (11,875 kg ha -1 ) compared to rolled/crimped cover crops (7,349 kg ha -1 ).
在AL Cullman进行了为期3年的试验,以确定铁泥豆、麻、大豆、绒豆、苏丹高粱和珍珠谷子覆盖作物以滚割和连枷割两种方式终止对羽衣甘蓝(brassica甘蓝var. acephala, L.)产量的影响。总体而言,三个生长季节(2013年、2014年和2015年)的覆盖作物生物量产量在覆盖作物之间存在显著差异。在三个生长季节中,苏丹高粱和珍珠粟的生物量最高(分别为23,752和23,333千克公顷-1)。在同一时期,太阳麻的生物量为10,908 kg/ha -1,大豆、绒豆和铁泥豆的生物量较低(分别为6,754、6,068和4,360 kg/ha -1)。本研究覆盖作物的终止率大多在90%以下。农业推广服务机构建议,将经济作物种植在作物残茬上的终止率超过90%。在所有三个生长季节中,评估期间的土壤体积含水量均表明,卷轧残茬地的VMC含量始终高于立地覆盖作物,表明卷轧残茬能更好地保持土壤含水量。不同覆盖和终止方式的羽衣甘蓝在不同生长季节的产量差异显著。在三个生长季节的平均产量中,铁泥豆(12,623公斤公顷-1)、绒豆(11,020公斤公顷-1)和太阳麻(10,802公斤公顷-1)的羽衣甘蓝产量最高。数据表明,豆科覆盖作物可以获得较高的羽衣甘蓝产量,这得益于氮素释放到土壤中并被羽衣甘蓝利用。此外,在所有年份中,连枷刈割覆盖作物的平均羽衣甘蓝绿产量(11,875公斤公顷-1)高于轧制/卷曲覆盖作物(7,349公斤公顷-1)。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of multi-periodic and chaotic magnetic fields on plants’ growth from germination to harvest: experiment on bean (phaseolus vulgaris) 多周期和混沌磁场对植物萌发至收获生长的影响——以菜豆为试验对象
Pub Date : 2019-09-25 DOI: 10.17830/J.EAJ.2019.06.40
Thomas Moungang Noula, R. Tchitnga, Nguazon Tekou, A. Fomethe
In this work, we studied the impact of electromagnetic fields of various periods on the germination, growth and production of bean (phaseolus vulgaris). The magnetization of the seeds was carried out as soon as it was placed underground in field conditions. Plant growth until pod formation was monitored under field conditions on an experimental surface of 10.0 m 2 . The electrical circuits used for magnetization made it possible to obtain electromagnetic fields of period 1, 2 and 4 as well as a non-linear or chaotic electromagnetic field. Daily 24-hour exposure with these different signals has influenced some growth parameters.  The height difference was significant (at P <0.05) for the comparison between A0 and A2. We found a production time saving of approximately ten (10) days for the A4 treatment compared to the control treatment A0. Experience has shown that plants subject to the chaotic field (A5) formed the largest number of pods. The comparison between the maximum number of pods formed and the number of pods that reached maturity for each treatment showed pod losses during the last growth phase. The loss rate was 29.25%, 28.31%, 35.78%, 64.38% and 62.72% respectively for A0, A1, A2, A4 and A5 treatments.
本文研究了不同时期的电磁场对菜豆(phaseolus vulgaris)萌发、生长和生产的影响。在田间条件下,种子一放入地下就进行磁化。在田间条件下,在10.0 m2的试验表面上监测植株生长直至荚果形成。用于磁化的电路使得获得周期为1、2和4的电磁场以及非线性或混沌电磁场成为可能。每天24小时接触这些不同的信号影响了一些生长参数。A0与A2比较,高度差异显著(P <0.05)。我们发现,与对照处理A0相比,A4处理节省了大约10天的生产时间。经验表明,受混沌场(A5)影响的植物形成的豆荚数量最多。各处理最大形成荚果数和成熟荚果数的比较表明,在生长后期荚果有损失。A0、A1、A2、A4和A5处理的损失率分别为29.25%、28.31%、35.78%、64.38%和62.72%。
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引用次数: 2
Zonal yield expectation maps for Precision Agriculture generated using a combined Fuzzy-Expert system 基于模糊专家系统的精准农业分区产量期望图
Pub Date : 2019-04-12 DOI: 10.17830/J.EAJ.2019.06.15
W. Mirschel, K. Wenkel, R. Wieland, J. Bobert
The development of procedures which facilitate the determination of realistic yield expectations for management units within agricultural fields represents a scientific challenge. For this an applicable and scenario-apt Fuzzy-Expert system was developed. The procedure for generation of sites-specific yield expectation maps is divided into three methodical steps – step 1: estimation of yield potential, step 2: influences of pre-crop and crop variety and step 3: influence of site-specific parameters. The regional approach takes into account physical parameters as well as meteorological input data or results of variety testing trials for prediction of regional average yields. This prediction is starting point for the joined site-specific fuzzy model. For yield estimation site-specific heterogeneity spatial information of parameter influencing yield formation are taken into account. Physical soil parameter (plant available water, potential capillary rise, ground water table, landform attributes) are used to generate the site specific yield expectation map. This map is generated using the Spatial Analysis and Modeling Tool (SAMT). A method for training of the fuzzy model is described. The procedure was tested on a 45 ha field cropped with winter wheat in a Chernozem area of Saxony-Anhalt in East-Germany for the years 2000 and 2005.
制定有助于确定农田内管理单位实际产量预期的程序是一项科学挑战。为此,开发了一个适用于场景的模糊专家系统。生成特定地点的产量预期图的程序分为三个有条不紊的步骤——步骤1:估计产量潜力;步骤2:作物种植前和作物品种的影响;步骤3:特定地点参数的影响。区域方法考虑到物理参数以及气象输入数据或品种试验结果,以预测区域平均产量。这个预测是加入特定站点模糊模型的起点。在估算产量时,考虑了影响产量形成的区位异质性参数的空间信息。利用土壤物理参数(植物有效水分、潜在毛管上升、地下水位、地形属性)生成场地特定产量期望图。这张地图是使用空间分析和建模工具(SAMT)生成的。描述了一种训练模糊模型的方法。2000年和2005年,在东德萨克森-安哈尔特的Chernozem地区的一块种植冬小麦的45公顷土地上对该方法进行了试验。
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引用次数: 0
History of Agrophysics: Journal Version of the Book "N. F. Bondarenko" (Part 4.1) 农业物理学的历史:期刊版的书“N. F. Bondarenko”(第4.1部分)
Pub Date : 2019-03-31 DOI: 10.17830/J.EAJ.2019.06.025
D. Kurtener, Ann M. Krueger
This publication contains the journal version of the Book "N. F. Bondarenko", which was published in 2012 as part of the series under the title "Agrophysics: People and Destiny". The journal version consists of four parts. Part 4.1 includes the journal versions of the article written by Elizabeth Zakharovna Gak "About Nikolai Filippovich Bondarenko". Parts 1 has been published in EAJ, 5(4). Parts 2 and 3 has been published in EAJ, 6(1).
本出版物包含《N. F. Bondarenko》一书的期刊版,该书于2012年作为“农业物理学:人与命运”系列的一部分出版。期刊版由四个部分组成。第4.1部分包括Elizabeth Zakharovna Gak撰写的文章“关于Nikolai Filippovich Bondarenko”的期刊版本。第1部分已发表在EAJ, 5(4)上。第2部分和第3部分已发表在EAJ, 6(1)上。
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引用次数: 0
Innovative method for cover crop termination using engine exhaust heat 利用发动机废气热终止覆盖作物的创新方法
Pub Date : 2018-12-30 DOI: 10.17830/J.EAJ.2018.05.150
T. Kornecki, S. Prior, G. Runion
Proper management of cover crops in conservation system is the key to achieving effective no-till planting of cash crops into desiccated residue cover without interfering with planting operations. One method of cover crop management is mechanical termination utilizing a rolling/crimping technique to injure the plant with the crimping bars without cutting stems. Another method is to injure plants using a heat source. To evaluate this concept at a small farm scale, a mechanical pusher using exhaust heat from the internal combustion gasoline engine with supplemental heat from heater strips was developed to terminate cover crops. The prototype was developed for a walk-behind tractor powered by a single cylinder gasoline engine. Heat to damage plant tissue was directed from the exhaust manifold to a rectangular perforated delivery steel tube that was in continuous contact with the cover crop that had been flattened by the pusher. In addition, a generator powered by the tractor’s PTO provided electrical energy for three parallel supplemental heater strips. Results demonstrated that using exhaust heat (otherwise lost to the environment) is a viable option to manage cover crops.
保护系统中覆盖作物的合理管理是实现经济作物在不干扰种植作业的情况下有效免耕种植干枯残地的关键。覆盖作物管理的一种方法是机械终止,利用滚动/卷曲技术,用卷曲棒伤害植物,而不切断茎。另一种方法是用热源伤害植物。为了在小型农场规模上评估这一概念,开发了一种利用内燃机汽油发动机的废热和加热器条的补充热量来终止覆盖作物的机械推进器。原型机是为一种由单缸汽油发动机驱动的履带式拖拉机开发的。损坏植物组织的热量从排气歧管引导到一个矩形穿孔输送钢管,该钢管与被推手压平的覆盖作物持续接触。此外,由拖拉机的PTO驱动的发电机为三个平行的补充加热带提供电能。结果表明,利用废热(否则会流失到环境中)是管理覆盖作物的可行选择。
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引用次数: 0
Application of Fuzzy Sets Theory for Searching Area of Correlation between Breeding and Background Traits 模糊集理论在育种性状与背景性状相关区域搜索中的应用
Pub Date : 2018-09-23 DOI: 10.17830/J.EAJ.2018.05.120
D. Kurtener, V. Dragavtsev
In most cases, genotypic characteristics and characteristics reflecting the influence of the environment are independent. The arrays of these characteristics are orthodox. However, in rather rare cases, individual elements of these arrays correlate. Select these elements and assess the relationship between them is a rather difficult task. The purpose of this work is to develop an algorithm for finding such elements using Fuzzy sets theory.
在大多数情况下,基因型特征和反映环境影响的特征是相互独立的。这些特征的排列是正统的。然而,在相当罕见的情况下,这些数组的各个元素是相互关联的。选择这些元素并评估它们之间的关系是一项相当困难的任务。这项工作的目的是开发一种算法来寻找这样的元素使用模糊集理论。
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引用次数: 0
The Influence of Changes in the Vertical Acceleration of Tractor Unit on Soil Compaction during Field Operations 田间作业中拖拉机垂直加速度变化对土壤压实的影响
Pub Date : 2018-09-23 DOI: 10.17830/J.EAJ.2018.05.125
Artiomov Artiomov
The article deals with the influence of fluctuations in vertical accelerations on soil compaction as a process of change in soil consistency under the influence of high mechanical loads, namely, heavy farm machines. The main object of this research is to investigate the pressure change in topsoil and to devise recommendations for the reduction of soil compaction resulting from intensive vertical accelerations during the movement of a field machine. A computational and experimental method of determining soil strain and mechanical stress caused by a wheel, taking into account soil properties and the value of the vertical acceleration components, has been proposed.
本文讨论了在高机械载荷,即重型农机的影响下,垂直加速度的波动对土壤压实的影响,作为土壤稠度变化的过程。这项研究的主要目的是调查表土中的压力变化,并提出减少土壤压实的建议,这些土壤压实是由田间机械运动期间强烈的垂直加速度造成的。提出了一种计算和实验方法来确定车轮引起的土壤应变和机械应力,同时考虑土壤性质和垂直加速度分量的值。
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引用次数: 0
History of Agrophysics: A. V. Kurtener Archive (Part 1) 农业物理学的历史:a.v. Kurtener档案(第一部分)
Pub Date : 2018-04-03 DOI: 10.17830/j.eaj.2018.05.005
D. Kurtener
This publication contains the part 1 of the journal version of the A. V. Kurtener archive. Parts 2 and 3 are published in this issue of the journal. Parts 4 and 5 will be published in the second issue of the volume 5. The first edition of this archive was first published in a book titled "A. V. Kurtener", which is part of the series under the title "Agrophysics: People and Destiny", in 2010. However, due to the language barrier, (the book is written in Russian); it was inaccessible to the international agrophysical society.
本出版物包含A. V. Kurtener档案的期刊版的第一部分。第2部分和第3部分发表在本期杂志上。第4和第5部分将在第5卷的第2期中出版。该档案的第一版于2010年首次出版在一本名为“a.v. Kurtener”的书中,该书是“农业物理学:人与命运”系列丛书的一部分。然而,由于语言障碍,(这本书是用俄语写的);国际农业物理学会是无法接触到的。
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引用次数: 0
China Branch of the European Agrophysical Institute (CBEAI): the first steps of research activity 欧洲农业物理研究所(CBEAI)中国分会:研究活动的第一步
Pub Date : 2018-03-31 DOI: 10.17830/J.EAJ.2018.05.045
D. Kurtener, C. Dianxiong, S. Tsukanov, Yi-Hu Xiao, U. Werner, Yu Zheng
This manuscript describes the first research activities conducted at CBEAI.  This research includes two parts: a) Soil-agrochemical studies of experimental fields, and b) Spatial analysis of the contiguous heterogeneous of experimental field plots.  An agrochemical survey of experimental fields (a 1.3 hectares field plot and a greenhouse) was carried out.  Soil samples at depths of 0-10 and 10-20 cm were collected and laboratory agrochemical analysis were conducted.  The results of soil analysis of the experimental field plot indicated that the mineral nitrogen content was very high (more than 35 mg/kg), mobile phosphorus content was high (46-60 mg/kg), mobile potassium content was elevated (300 mg/kg), organic matter content was low (1.1-2.0%), and the soil was alkaline.  Spatial analysis showed that there was contiguous heterogeneous of the experimental field plot.  In particular, the content of mobile phosphorus varied markedly across the field, ranging from 20.60 to 121.70 mg/kg P 2 O 5 .
这份手稿描述了在CBEAI进行的第一次研究活动。本研究包括两个部分:一是实验田土壤农化研究;二是实验田地块连片异质空间分析。对试验田(一块1.3公顷的田块和一个温室)进行了农化调查。采集深度为0 ~ 10 cm和10 ~ 20 cm的土壤样品,进行室内农化分析。试验田样地土壤分析结果表明,矿质氮含量很高(> 35 mg/kg),流动磷含量较高(46 ~ 60 mg/kg),流动钾含量较高(300 mg/kg),有机质含量较低(1.1 ~ 2.0%),土壤呈碱性。空间分析表明,试验田样地具有连续的异质性。流动磷含量在20.60 ~ 121.70 mg/kg p2o /kg之间变化显著。
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引用次数: 0
History of Agrophysics: A. V. Kurtener Archive (Part 3) 农业物理学的历史:a.v. Kurtener档案(第三部分)
Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.17830/j.eaj.2018.05.035
D. Kurtener
Abstract This publication contains the part 1 of the journal version of the A. V. Kurtener archive. Parts 2 and 3 are published in this issue of the journal. Parts 4 and 5 will be published in the second issue of the volume 5. The first edition of this archive was first published in a book titled "A. V. Kurtener", which is part of the series under the title "Agrophysics: People and Destiny", in 2010. However, due to the language barrier, (the book is written in Russian); it was inaccessible to the international agrophysical society.
本出版物包含A. V. Kurtener档案的期刊版的第一部分。第2部分和第3部分发表在本期杂志上。第4和第5部分将在第5卷的第2期中出版。该档案的第一版于2010年首次出版在一本名为“a.v. Kurtener”的书中,该书是“农业物理学:人与命运”系列丛书的一部分。然而,由于语言障碍,(这本书是用俄语写的);国际农业物理学会是无法接触到的。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
European Agrophysical Journal
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