Pub Date : 2017-12-01DOI: 10.21202/1993-047X.11.2017.4.47-65
K. Andreeva
Цель: оценка внешнего эффекта появления нового футбольного клуба в европейских городах. Методы: статистические методы, регрессионный анализ, метод двойной разности, методы обобщения и типологизации. Результаты: в статье исследуются проблемы обеспечения конкуренции на футбольном рынке в контексте посещаемости матчей клуба. Проанализированы научные исследования, освещающие вопросы применения экономической теории в решении проблем сферы спорта. Сделан вывод о том, что в странах с невысоким уровнем частного капитала в футболе требуется другой экономический подход, поскольку основная власть находится не у клубов, а у региональных правительств. В статье также введено понятие внешних эффектов для футбольного рынка. С целью оценки их влияния на конкуренцию в футболе проведен анализ всех футбольных европейских чемпионатов с начала 1990-х годов и по сегодняшнее время. На основе проведенного анализа сформулированы типы представительств городов в высших футбольных дивизионах: суперконкурентные лиги, лиги с центростремительной конкуренцией, лиги с распределенной конкуренцией, неконкурентные лиги. На основе оценки изменения конфигурации клубов в разных типах лиг был сформулирован ряд гипотез о влиянии изменения конфигурации клубов на посещаемость матчей. Оценка проведена методом двойной разности внешних эффектов от изменения конфигурации клубов в городах для Франции, Италии, Венгрии и Греции. Научная новизна: понятие внешнего эффекта в экономике футбола применено к оценке посещаемости стадионов (сформулирован и оценен внешний эффект от изменения количества клубов в городе), введена типология лиг по степени конкурентности на основе анализа данных за двадцатилетний период. Практическая значимость: основные результаты работы могут быть использованы при принятии решения о финансовой поддержке клубов из низших дивизионов для усиления конкуренции внутри региона за внимание болельщиков.
{"title":"Change in attendance of stadiums in European leagues resulting from change in the number of clubs in cities: estimation with double difference method","authors":"K. Andreeva","doi":"10.21202/1993-047X.11.2017.4.47-65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21202/1993-047X.11.2017.4.47-65","url":null,"abstract":"Цель: оценка внешнего эффекта появления нового футбольного клуба в европейских городах. Методы: статистические методы, регрессионный анализ, метод двойной разности, методы обобщения и типологизации. Результаты: в статье исследуются проблемы обеспечения конкуренции на футбольном рынке в контексте посещаемости матчей клуба. Проанализированы научные исследования, освещающие вопросы применения экономической теории в решении проблем сферы спорта. Сделан вывод о том, что в странах с невысоким уровнем частного капитала в футболе требуется другой экономический подход, поскольку основная власть находится не у клубов, а у региональных правительств. В статье также введено понятие внешних эффектов для футбольного рынка. С целью оценки их влияния на конкуренцию в футболе проведен анализ всех футбольных европейских чемпионатов с начала 1990-х годов и по сегодняшнее время. На основе проведенного анализа сформулированы типы представительств городов в высших футбольных дивизионах: суперконкурентные лиги, лиги с центростремительной конкуренцией, лиги с распределенной конкуренцией, неконкурентные лиги. На основе оценки изменения конфигурации клубов в разных типах лиг был сформулирован ряд гипотез о влиянии изменения конфигурации клубов на посещаемость матчей. Оценка проведена методом двойной разности внешних эффектов от изменения конфигурации клубов в городах для Франции, Италии, Венгрии и Греции. Научная новизна: понятие внешнего эффекта в экономике футбола применено к оценке посещаемости стадионов (сформулирован и оценен внешний эффект от изменения количества клубов в городе), введена типология лиг по степени конкурентности на основе анализа данных за двадцатилетний период. Практическая значимость: основные результаты работы могут быть использованы при принятии решения о финансовой поддержке клубов из низших дивизионов для усиления конкуренции внутри региона за внимание болельщиков.","PeriodicalId":30823,"journal":{"name":"Aktual''nye Problemy Ekonomiki i Prava","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67946286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-01DOI: 10.21202/1993-047X.11.2017.4.23-34
A. Orlova
Objective: to analyze the main practices of corruption counteraction in the modern society with a view of elaborating the key directions of such counteraction. Methods: dialectic method of cognition and general scientific methods based on it (analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction). Results: the work presents the basic models of corruption counteraction in the modern society. The phenomenon of corruption is frequently discussed and debated in a variety of contexts. Corruption is often difficult to identify, as it occurs in secret, away from the public eye and records. Moreover, anti-corruption measures repeatedly fail, in part because corruption is a multifaceted social phenomenon that penetrates horizontally and vertically through many areas of society. Despite a high degree of informality within many industries and the prevalence of corrupt practices, most anti-corruption efforts have so far involved reforming the formal legal rules. However, the discussion of formal rules and institutions cannot be neatly divorced from the examination of informal norms and vice versa. These two spheres of norms and rules operate side by side, each dependent on the other. Hence, any conversation about reform has to include discussions of both formal and informal rules and institutions and the intersection between the two. It is also crucial to examine the fora where informal rules and norms are practiced, enforced and replicated. Part of this examination revolves around so-called organizational or corporate culture. In order to start overcoming the formal laws vs. informal rules divide, government regulators have to work with industry professionals, labour groups and consumers when designing various industry and health and safety regulations. This partnership, if it were to be a true one, would improve the likelihood of compliance and reduce opportunities for corrupt practices. Ultimately, any meaningful anti-corruption reform will have to address not only the intertwined nature of formal and informal rules and norms prevalent in society, but also the common lack of anti-corruption ethos prevalent among all societal actors. Scientific novelty: main models of corruption counteraction are described on the basis of the analysis of the available literature sources; measures for optimal corruption counteraction are proposed. Practical significance: conclusions and provisions of the article can be used in scientific, law-making and law-enforcement activities, in the educational process of higher educational establishments.
{"title":"Developing and actualizing a multifaceted approach to fighting corruption","authors":"A. Orlova","doi":"10.21202/1993-047X.11.2017.4.23-34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21202/1993-047X.11.2017.4.23-34","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: to analyze the main practices of corruption counteraction in the modern society with a view of elaborating the key directions of such counteraction. Methods: dialectic method of cognition and general scientific methods based on it (analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction). Results: the work presents the basic models of corruption counteraction in the modern society. The phenomenon of corruption is frequently discussed and debated in a variety of contexts. Corruption is often difficult to identify, as it occurs in secret, away from the public eye and records. Moreover, anti-corruption measures repeatedly fail, in part because corruption is a multifaceted social phenomenon that penetrates horizontally and vertically through many areas of society. Despite a high degree of informality within many industries and the prevalence of corrupt practices, most anti-corruption efforts have so far involved reforming the formal legal rules. However, the discussion of formal rules and institutions cannot be neatly divorced from the examination of informal norms and vice versa. These two spheres of norms and rules operate side by side, each dependent on the other. Hence, any conversation about reform has to include discussions of both formal and informal rules and institutions and the intersection between the two. It is also crucial to examine the fora where informal rules and norms are practiced, enforced and replicated. Part of this examination revolves around so-called organizational or corporate culture. In order to start overcoming the formal laws vs. informal rules divide, government regulators have to work with industry professionals, labour groups and consumers when designing various industry and health and safety regulations. This partnership, if it were to be a true one, would improve the likelihood of compliance and reduce opportunities for corrupt practices. Ultimately, any meaningful anti-corruption reform will have to address not only the intertwined nature of formal and informal rules and norms prevalent in society, but also the common lack of anti-corruption ethos prevalent among all societal actors. Scientific novelty: main models of corruption counteraction are described on the basis of the analysis of the available literature sources; measures for optimal corruption counteraction are proposed. Practical significance: conclusions and provisions of the article can be used in scientific, law-making and law-enforcement activities, in the educational process of higher educational establishments.","PeriodicalId":30823,"journal":{"name":"Aktual''nye Problemy Ekonomiki i Prava","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49285132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-01DOI: 10.21202/1993-047X.11.2017.4.35-46
Aleksandr V. Polukarov
Цель: показ возможностей административно-правового регулирования противодействия причинам и условиям, детерминирующим коррупционное поведение в социальной сфере. Методы: диалектический подход к познанию социальных явлений, позволяющий проанализировать их в историческом развитии и функционировании в контексте совокупности объективных и субъективных факторов, который определил выбор следующих методов исследования: анализ, синтез, сравнение, системный, формально-юридический, сравнительно-правовой. Результаты: раскрытие причин и условий, детерминирующих коррупцию в социальной сфере, позволяет сделать вывод о том, что она должна исходить из: 1) признания социальной сферы ключевым объектом защиты от коррупции; 2) разработки специальных административно-правовых средств противодействия коррупции в социальной сфере. При этом необходимо учитывать особенности общественных отношений, складывающихся в таких ее сегментах, как образование, здравоохранение, культура, физическая культура и спорт и др. Ряд зарубежных государств пошли по пути развития законодательства о противодействии коррупции с учетом специфики функционирования различных сегментов социальной сферы. Данный опыт представляется достаточно интересным с точки зрения развития средств противодействия причинам и условиям, детерминирующим коррупцию в социальной сфере. Ряд субъектов Российской Федерации также пошли по пути разработки региональных программ противодействия коррупции в сфере образования, здравоохранения, культуры. Представляется, что этот опыт необходимо перенести и на федеральный уровень нормативного правового регулирования. Это поможет создать полноценную систему обеспеченности противодействия коррупции в социальной сфере с учетом различных уровней ее функционирования. Научная новизна: заключается в том, что впервые в административно-правовой науке рассматривается проблема «коррупционной деликтности в социальной сфере», в работе раскрыты причины и условия, детерминирующие коррупцию в социальной сфере, дана их классификация по определенным критериям. На основании проведенного исследования сформулированы предложения, направленные на совершенствование реализации мер административно-правового воздействия на причины и условия, которые детерминируют коррупцию в социальной сфере. Практическая значимость: предложенные административно-правовые средства позволяют сформировать административно-правовой режим, направленный на минимизацию причин и условий, детерминирующих коррупцию в социальной сфере.
{"title":"Administrative-legal regulation of causes and conditions determining corruption in social sphere","authors":"Aleksandr V. Polukarov","doi":"10.21202/1993-047X.11.2017.4.35-46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21202/1993-047X.11.2017.4.35-46","url":null,"abstract":"Цель: показ возможностей административно-правового регулирования противодействия причинам и условиям, детерминирующим коррупционное поведение в социальной сфере. Методы: диалектический подход к познанию социальных явлений, позволяющий проанализировать их в историческом развитии и функционировании в контексте совокупности объективных и субъективных факторов, который определил выбор следующих методов исследования: анализ, синтез, сравнение, системный, формально-юридический, сравнительно-правовой. Результаты: раскрытие причин и условий, детерминирующих коррупцию в социальной сфере, позволяет сделать вывод о том, что она должна исходить из: 1) признания социальной сферы ключевым объектом защиты от коррупции; 2) разработки специальных административно-правовых средств противодействия коррупции в социальной сфере. При этом необходимо учитывать особенности общественных отношений, складывающихся в таких ее сегментах, как образование, здравоохранение, культура, физическая культура и спорт и др. Ряд зарубежных государств пошли по пути развития законодательства о противодействии коррупции с учетом специфики функционирования различных сегментов социальной сферы. Данный опыт представляется достаточно интересным с точки зрения развития средств противодействия причинам и условиям, детерминирующим коррупцию в социальной сфере. Ряд субъектов Российской Федерации также пошли по пути разработки региональных программ противодействия коррупции в сфере образования, здравоохранения, культуры. Представляется, что этот опыт необходимо перенести и на федеральный уровень нормативного правового регулирования. Это поможет создать полноценную систему обеспеченности противодействия коррупции в социальной сфере с учетом различных уровней ее функционирования. Научная новизна: заключается в том, что впервые в административно-правовой науке рассматривается проблема «коррупционной деликтности в социальной сфере», в работе раскрыты причины и условия, детерминирующие коррупцию в социальной сфере, дана их классификация по определенным критериям. На основании проведенного исследования сформулированы предложения, направленные на совершенствование реализации мер административно-правового воздействия на причины и условия, которые детерминируют коррупцию в социальной сфере. Практическая значимость: предложенные административно-правовые средства позволяют сформировать административно-правовой режим, направленный на минимизацию причин и условий, детерминирующих коррупцию в социальной сфере.","PeriodicalId":30823,"journal":{"name":"Aktual''nye Problemy Ekonomiki i Prava","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67946240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-01DOI: 10.21202/1993-047X.11.2017.3.5-15
Elena V. Kamko
{"title":"Interaction of science, business and state in the sphere of innovative projects development: comparative analysis by the example of Russia, USA and China","authors":"Elena V. Kamko","doi":"10.21202/1993-047X.11.2017.3.5-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21202/1993-047X.11.2017.3.5-15","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":30823,"journal":{"name":"Aktual''nye Problemy Ekonomiki i Prava","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67946158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-01DOI: 10.21202/1993-047X.11.2017.3.56-80
A. Glukhova, A. Iudin, D. A. Shpilev
{"title":"Assessment by citizens of the level of confidence of police and protection from criminal entry","authors":"A. Glukhova, A. Iudin, D. A. Shpilev","doi":"10.21202/1993-047X.11.2017.3.56-80","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21202/1993-047X.11.2017.3.56-80","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":30823,"journal":{"name":"Aktual''nye Problemy Ekonomiki i Prava","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67946229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-01DOI: 10.21202/1993-047X.11.2017.2.5-18
Y. Adler, V. Shper
Objective Discussing the gap between the ISO 9001 requirements and the trend of modern management development. Methods abstractlogical correlation analysis. nbsp Results the authors analyzed the practice of quality management systems certification according to the requirements of the ISO 9001. The analysis has shown that this standard is not consistent with the trends of management in the 21 century because it lacks orientation to person systemic approach and understanding of variability. In addition one of the key problems of the ISO 9001 is a considerable bureaucracy in the quality management systems certification. To substantiate the inconsistency of the standard to contemporary reality the authors make an attempt to evaluate the impact of certification on the development indicators of countries and to determine the need for such certification. To conduct the assessment we analyze the dynamics of the number of the issued certificates in terms of countries and industries. Basing on the analysis we come to the conclusion about the permanent reduction in the growth rate of the number of certificates. Then we make the correlation analysis between the number of the issued certificates and the number of indicators of socioeconomic development in the same countries such as GDP education level index corruption perception index etc. The result was the conclusion about the absence of a significant relationship between these indicators thus we consider it inappropriate to continue the certification of quality management systems to comply with the ISO 9001 requirements. In conclusion we set out proposals for the way out of the situation. Scientific novelty the use of economicmathematical methods to justify the rejection of further certification according to ISO 9001. Practical significance the conclusions formulated by the authors can be used in practical activities of organizations when deciding about the need for certification in accordance with ISO 9001 or rejection of such certification.
{"title":"The future of quality and quality management systems","authors":"Y. Adler, V. Shper","doi":"10.21202/1993-047X.11.2017.2.5-18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21202/1993-047X.11.2017.2.5-18","url":null,"abstract":"Objective Discussing the gap between the ISO 9001 requirements and the trend of modern management development. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Methods abstractlogical correlation analysis. \u0000 \u0000 nbsp \u0000 \u0000 Results the authors analyzed the practice of quality management systems certification according to the requirements of the ISO 9001. The analysis has shown that this standard is not consistent with the trends of management in the 21 century because it lacks orientation to person systemic approach and understanding of variability. In addition one of the key problems of the ISO 9001 is a considerable bureaucracy in the quality management systems certification. To substantiate the inconsistency of the standard to contemporary reality the authors make an attempt to evaluate the impact of certification on the development indicators of countries and to determine the need for such certification. To conduct the assessment we analyze the dynamics of the number of the issued certificates in terms of countries and industries. Basing on the analysis we come to the conclusion about the permanent reduction in the growth rate of the number of certificates. Then we make the correlation analysis between the number of the issued certificates and the number of indicators of socioeconomic development in the same countries such as GDP education level index corruption perception index etc. The result was the conclusion about the absence of a significant relationship between these indicators thus we consider it inappropriate to continue the certification of quality management systems to comply with the ISO 9001 requirements. In conclusion we set out proposals for the way out of the situation. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Scientific novelty the use of economicmathematical methods to justify the rejection of further certification according to ISO 9001. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Practical significance the conclusions formulated by the authors can be used in practical activities of organizations when deciding about the need for certification in accordance with ISO 9001 or rejection of such certification.","PeriodicalId":30823,"journal":{"name":"Aktual''nye Problemy Ekonomiki i Prava","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48535596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-01DOI: 10.21202/1993-047X.11.2017.1.189-207
Kendra N Bowen, Jennifer J. Roberts, Eric J. Kocian, A. Bartula
Abstract: Criminological research has favored the rational choice perspective in studying offender decision making. However, this theoretical approach does not take into account the complex interplay of situational, cognitive, emotional, and person factors that likely influence criminal decision making. To that end, the current study examines decision making in high-risk-for-violence situations focusing on social information processing and emotional state variables. The current study utilizes a sample of 236 newly incarcerated jailed inmates who provide personal level data and situational reports of violent and avoided violence situations (n=466). Hierarchical generalized linear modeling (HGLM) is applied to analyze the data and the findings show that several situational, social information processing, and emotion variables, such as intent interpretation, goal, and response generation, are significant predictors of the escalation of violence.Keywords: decision making, emotions, situation, social information processing theory, theory, violenceINTRODUCTIONIn recent years, there has been a renewed interest in studying the situational components of crime (e.g., Horney 2006). Often grounded in symbolic interaction (Mead 1934), researchers from this perspective focus on a wide variety of situational (e.g., substance use, presence of bystanders, weapons), and personal factors (e.g., demographics), that influence situational outcomes (Birkbeck and LaFree 1993; Horney 2006; Sampson and Lauritsen 1994). This perspective has merit in that it allows researchers to examine traditional individual-level (or person-level) factors, while also examining how people interact with, and are influenced by, their current environment. Despite this interest, there has been a dearth of research regarding decision-making processes in these situations. Some researchers, in attempting to understand the escalation of violence, have argued that there is a cognitive stage where offenders interpret situational cues and/or decide on a course of action to pursue in that situation (e.g., Felson and Steadman 1983; Oliver 1994). However, to date, these stages have not received much empirical exploration.Traditionally, individual-level explanations for offending and decision-making in criminology have focused on the rational choice perspective. However, this perspective is challenged for being overly simplistic and: failing to account for (1) the complexity of decision making, (2) the role of high emotionality, and (3) environmental influences (Boudon 1998; De Haan and Vos 2003). For example, De Haan and Vos (2003) suggest that the rational choice perspective is too narrow. They also argue that individuals' actions are not the sole product of intention, but rather a social process outcome of complex decision making. Secondly, De Haan and Vos (2003) suggest that the rational choice perspective does not clarify the offenders' experiences before (or during) the offenses are committed. Whe
摘要:犯罪学研究倾向于从理性选择的角度来研究罪犯的决策。然而，这种理论方法并没有考虑到可能影响犯罪决策的情境、认知、情感和个人因素的复杂相互作用。为此，目前的研究着眼于社会信息处理和情绪状态变量，研究了暴力高风险情况下的决策。目前的研究使用了236名新入狱的囚犯作为样本，他们提供了个人层面的数据和暴力和避免暴力情况的情景报告(n=466)。应用层次广义线性模型(HGLM)对数据进行分析，结果表明，情境、社会信息处理和情感变量，如意图解释、目标和反应生成，是暴力升级的重要预测因素。关键词:决策，情绪，情境，社会信息加工理论，理论，暴力近年来，人们对研究犯罪的情境成分重新产生了兴趣(例如，Horney 2006)。通常以符号互动(Mead 1934)为基础，研究人员从这个角度关注影响情景结果的各种情景(例如，物质使用，旁观者的存在，武器)和个人因素(例如，人口统计)(Birkbeck和LaFree 1993;霍尼2006;Sampson and Lauritsen 1994)。这种观点的优点在于，它允许研究人员检查传统的个人水平(或个人水平)因素，同时也检查人们如何与当前环境相互作用，并受其影响。尽管有这种兴趣，但缺乏关于这些情况下决策过程的研究。在试图理解暴力升级的过程中，一些研究人员认为存在一个认知阶段，在这个阶段中，罪犯解释情境线索和/或决定在该情境下采取的行动(例如，Felson和Steadman 1983;奥利弗1994)。然而，迄今为止，这些阶段还没有得到太多的实证探索。传统上，犯罪学中对犯罪和决策的个人层面解释侧重于理性选择视角。然而，这一观点因过于简单化而受到挑战，并且:未能考虑到(1)决策的复杂性，(2)高情绪的作用，以及(3)环境影响(Boudon 1998;De Haan and Vos 2003)。例如，De Haan和Vos(2003)认为理性选择视角过于狭隘。他们还认为，个人的行为不是意图的唯一产物，而是复杂决策的社会过程结果。其次，De Haan和Vos(2003)认为，理性选择的观点并没有澄清犯罪者在犯罪前(或犯罪过程中)的经历。如果忽略了这一点，解释动机和思维过程的机会就会减少。理性选择假设动机，但不解释动机(雅各布斯和赖特1999)。当理性受到限制时(Walsh 1986)，当理性根本不存在时(Jacobs和Wright 1999)，或者当理性与情绪混合时，对情况进行客观评估是困难的。由于个人能力有限，可能无法获得丰富而客观的回应(Johnson and Payne 1986)。罪犯的选择是主观的;因此，可能不存在对犯罪的可能替代方案进行理性、客观的评估。在这一文献中，由于潜在的认知过程不容易观察到，因此在个人层面上经验识别决策一直是一个主要障碍(Glockner和Betsch 2008)。尽管如此，心理学研究人员试图通过攻击、越轨和犯罪行为的决策理论来阐明这一过程。…
{"title":"An Empirical Test of Social Information Processing Theory and Emotions in Violent Situations","authors":"Kendra N Bowen, Jennifer J. Roberts, Eric J. Kocian, A. Bartula","doi":"10.21202/1993-047X.11.2017.1.189-207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21202/1993-047X.11.2017.1.189-207","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Criminological research has favored the rational choice perspective in studying offender decision making. However, this theoretical approach does not take into account the complex interplay of situational, cognitive, emotional, and person factors that likely influence criminal decision making. To that end, the current study examines decision making in high-risk-for-violence situations focusing on social information processing and emotional state variables. The current study utilizes a sample of 236 newly incarcerated jailed inmates who provide personal level data and situational reports of violent and avoided violence situations (n=466). Hierarchical generalized linear modeling (HGLM) is applied to analyze the data and the findings show that several situational, social information processing, and emotion variables, such as intent interpretation, goal, and response generation, are significant predictors of the escalation of violence.Keywords: decision making, emotions, situation, social information processing theory, theory, violenceINTRODUCTIONIn recent years, there has been a renewed interest in studying the situational components of crime (e.g., Horney 2006). Often grounded in symbolic interaction (Mead 1934), researchers from this perspective focus on a wide variety of situational (e.g., substance use, presence of bystanders, weapons), and personal factors (e.g., demographics), that influence situational outcomes (Birkbeck and LaFree 1993; Horney 2006; Sampson and Lauritsen 1994). This perspective has merit in that it allows researchers to examine traditional individual-level (or person-level) factors, while also examining how people interact with, and are influenced by, their current environment. Despite this interest, there has been a dearth of research regarding decision-making processes in these situations. Some researchers, in attempting to understand the escalation of violence, have argued that there is a cognitive stage where offenders interpret situational cues and/or decide on a course of action to pursue in that situation (e.g., Felson and Steadman 1983; Oliver 1994). However, to date, these stages have not received much empirical exploration.Traditionally, individual-level explanations for offending and decision-making in criminology have focused on the rational choice perspective. However, this perspective is challenged for being overly simplistic and: failing to account for (1) the complexity of decision making, (2) the role of high emotionality, and (3) environmental influences (Boudon 1998; De Haan and Vos 2003). For example, De Haan and Vos (2003) suggest that the rational choice perspective is too narrow. They also argue that individuals' actions are not the sole product of intention, but rather a social process outcome of complex decision making. Secondly, De Haan and Vos (2003) suggest that the rational choice perspective does not clarify the offenders' experiences before (or during) the offenses are committed. Whe","PeriodicalId":30823,"journal":{"name":"Aktual''nye Problemy Ekonomiki i Prava","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67946138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-01DOI: 10.21202/1993-047X.11.2017.1.79-88
Elena A. Shapkina, Konstantin I. Brykin
{"title":"Compliance in the banking sector: checking the observance of legislation on controlled foreign companies","authors":"Elena A. Shapkina, Konstantin I. Brykin","doi":"10.21202/1993-047X.11.2017.1.79-88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21202/1993-047X.11.2017.1.79-88","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":30823,"journal":{"name":"Aktual''nye Problemy Ekonomiki i Prava","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49612231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-01DOI: 10.21202/1993-047X.11.2017.1.98-107
A. V. Padiryakov, R. Barabash
{"title":"Frustration of contracts, signed in compliance with law of England, as a probable consequence of EU sanctions against Russian companies","authors":"A. V. Padiryakov, R. Barabash","doi":"10.21202/1993-047X.11.2017.1.98-107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21202/1993-047X.11.2017.1.98-107","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":30823,"journal":{"name":"Aktual''nye Problemy Ekonomiki i Prava","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67946149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-01DOI: 10.21202/1993-047X.11.2017.1.67-78
T. Urumov
{"title":"Efficiency of state financial support of export activity of small and medium businesses","authors":"T. Urumov","doi":"10.21202/1993-047X.11.2017.1.67-78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21202/1993-047X.11.2017.1.67-78","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":30823,"journal":{"name":"Aktual''nye Problemy Ekonomiki i Prava","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48629146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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