The paper reviews technology developments and market trends surrounding Additive Manufacturing (AM, also known as 3D Printing), which has received much interest and attention in the past year from variety of audiences both industrial users and non-industrial users. The paper will also explain the development history and characteristics of RaFaEl, an original Japanese powder bed fusion system developed by Aspect, Inc. Major focus of development was to improve productivity from Aspect’s previous powder bed fusion systems by two times.
{"title":"The Market Trends of Additive Manufacturing and Japanese Powder Bed Fusion Apparatus","authors":"S. Hayano","doi":"10.2184/LSJ.42.11_822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2184/LSJ.42.11_822","url":null,"abstract":"The paper reviews technology developments and market trends surrounding Additive Manufacturing (AM, also known as 3D Printing), which has received much interest and attention in the past year from variety of audiences both industrial users and non-industrial users. The paper will also explain the development history and characteristics of RaFaEl, an original Japanese powder bed fusion system developed by Aspect, Inc. Major focus of development was to improve productivity from Aspect’s previous powder bed fusion systems by two times.","PeriodicalId":308244,"journal":{"name":"The Review of Laser Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124330745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Nakamoto, Takahiro Kimura, N. Shirakawa, H. Inui
および生体インプラントへの展開を目指したチタン系粉 Laser Additive Manufacturing (LAM) is a rapid manufacturing technique capable of producing complex three-dimensional parts rapidly from CAD (computer aided design) models by melting or sintering successive thin layers of powder with a laser beam. LAM with metallic powders is widely adopted in the industrial world as an effective method for the trial or direct manufacturing of molding dies with inner cooling channels and complex mechanical parts, particularly in the automobile and aerospace industries. LAM is also available as an attractive option in the medical world for the fabrication of various tailor-made implants. This review article introduces the principles, characteristics, and technical trends of the LAM process. We also present partial results from our research into LAM processes using carbon steel powders and titanium powders to fashion extremely strong materials and metallic biomaterials, respectively.
{"title":"Development of Laser Additive Manufacturing Technologies with Metallic Powders","authors":"T. Nakamoto, Takahiro Kimura, N. Shirakawa, H. Inui","doi":"10.2184/LSJ.42.11_828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2184/LSJ.42.11_828","url":null,"abstract":"および生体インプラントへの展開を目指したチタン系粉 Laser Additive Manufacturing (LAM) is a rapid manufacturing technique capable of producing complex three-dimensional parts rapidly from CAD (computer aided design) models by melting or sintering successive thin layers of powder with a laser beam. LAM with metallic powders is widely adopted in the industrial world as an effective method for the trial or direct manufacturing of molding dies with inner cooling channels and complex mechanical parts, particularly in the automobile and aerospace industries. LAM is also available as an attractive option in the medical world for the fabrication of various tailor-made implants. This review article introduces the principles, characteristics, and technical trends of the LAM process. We also present partial results from our research into LAM processes using carbon steel powders and titanium powders to fashion extremely strong materials and metallic biomaterials, respectively.","PeriodicalId":308244,"journal":{"name":"The Review of Laser Engineering","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131882221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article reviews the studies of light-matter mechanical interaction and its applications. It focuses on the recent trend where the targets of optical manipulation have been shifting to nanoscale objects, where the microscopic light-matter interaction plays an important role. We discuss optical manipulations using light that is resonant with the electronic transitions of nano-objects. The resonant effect is the key mechanism not only for enhancing the exerted force but also for linking the quantum mechanical properties of individual nano-objects to their macroscopic motions.
{"title":"Light-Nanostructures Mechanical Interaction and Its Applications","authors":"H. Ishihara","doi":"10.2184/LSJ.42.10_751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2184/LSJ.42.10_751","url":null,"abstract":"This article reviews the studies of light-matter mechanical interaction and its applications. It focuses on the recent trend where the targets of optical manipulation have been shifting to nanoscale objects, where the microscopic light-matter interaction plays an important role. We discuss optical manipulations using light that is resonant with the electronic transitions of nano-objects. The resonant effect is the key mechanism not only for enhancing the exerted force but also for linking the quantum mechanical properties of individual nano-objects to their macroscopic motions.","PeriodicalId":308244,"journal":{"name":"The Review of Laser Engineering","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126559161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Localized surface plasmon generates a strong radiation force on nanoparticles in the vicinity of noble metallic nanostructures, resulting in efficient and stable optical trapping. Such plasmonic optical trapping is a hot topic in nanophotonics, and can be applied to molecular manipulation techniques. We review plasmonic optical trappings of thermoresponsive polymer microgels and DNA. Discussion on trappings of these soft nanomaterials provides us a crucial important issue for achieving molecular manipulation based on plasmonic optical trapping. Finally, we will describe future outlook for this trapping method.
{"title":"Optical Trapping of Soft-Matter Nanoparticles Based on Localized Surface Plasmon Under","authors":"T. Shoji, Yasuyuki Tsuboi","doi":"10.2184/LSJ.42.10_766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2184/LSJ.42.10_766","url":null,"abstract":"Localized surface plasmon generates a strong radiation force on nanoparticles in the vicinity of noble metallic nanostructures, resulting in efficient and stable optical trapping. Such plasmonic optical trapping is a hot topic in nanophotonics, and can be applied to molecular manipulation techniques. We review plasmonic optical trappings of thermoresponsive polymer microgels and DNA. Discussion on trappings of these soft nanomaterials provides us a crucial important issue for achieving molecular manipulation based on plasmonic optical trapping. Finally, we will describe future outlook for this trapping method.","PeriodicalId":308244,"journal":{"name":"The Review of Laser Engineering","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133458200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We introduce a novel technique for the quantitative analysis of plasmonic trapping potentials experienced by a nanometer-sized particle. Our experimental results show that these potentials have nanoscale spatial structures that re fl ect the near- fi eld landscape of the metal nanostructure. The trap stiffness of plasmonic trapping can be enhanced by three orders of magnitude compared to conventional far- fi eld trapping. We also demonstrated super-resolution optical trapping by observing double potential wells with 80-nm separation, which was realized by a gold double-nonogap structure. In addition, we analyzed the nanoscale spatial pro fi les of plasmonic fi elds within a nanogap, which exhibit complicated fi ne structures created by the constructive and destructive interferences of dipolar, quadrupolar, and higher-order multipolar plasmonic modes. The nanopro fi le can be drastically changed by controlling the excitation optical system, which is applicable to the dynamic nanomanipulation of single molecules and molecular assemblies.
{"title":"Super-Resolution Optical Trapping with Control of Localized Plasmonic Fields","authors":"K. Sasaki, Yoshito Y. Tanaka","doi":"10.2184/LSJ.42.10_761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2184/LSJ.42.10_761","url":null,"abstract":"We introduce a novel technique for the quantitative analysis of plasmonic trapping potentials experienced by a nanometer-sized particle. Our experimental results show that these potentials have nanoscale spatial structures that re fl ect the near- fi eld landscape of the metal nanostructure. The trap stiffness of plasmonic trapping can be enhanced by three orders of magnitude compared to conventional far- fi eld trapping. We also demonstrated super-resolution optical trapping by observing double potential wells with 80-nm separation, which was realized by a gold double-nonogap structure. In addition, we analyzed the nanoscale spatial pro fi les of plasmonic fi elds within a nanogap, which exhibit complicated fi ne structures created by the constructive and destructive interferences of dipolar, quadrupolar, and higher-order multipolar plasmonic modes. The nanopro fi le can be drastically changed by controlling the excitation optical system, which is applicable to the dynamic nanomanipulation of single molecules and molecular assemblies.","PeriodicalId":308244,"journal":{"name":"The Review of Laser Engineering","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127854364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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