Pub Date : 2019-08-01DOI: 10.1109/PowerAfrica.2019.8928847
O. I. Adebisi, Isaiah Adediji Adejumobi
This work developed a Web service based Information Exchange Platform (WIEP) for effective business operations among generation, transmission and distribution utilities in the Nigerian deregulated electricity market. Object-oriented methodology and multi-tenant architecture were used to design and implement the components (GUI, database and messaging server) of the WIEP. While the GUI was implemented using various object attributes, the database, messaging server and application logic that connected the components were implemented using SQL, SOAP and C# programming language respectively. The developed system was tested on shared and dedicated servers to examine its performance (response time and throughput). The GUI, database and messaging server were functional when tested. The platform’s response time gave linear trend on shared and dedicated servers respectively whereas the throughput produced linear and near-exponential trends respectively on shared and dedicated servers. The developed platform if adopted will improve electric power management in Nigeria when deregulation is fully operational.
{"title":"Development of a Web Service Based Information Exchange Platform for the Nigerian Deregulated Electricity Market","authors":"O. I. Adebisi, Isaiah Adediji Adejumobi","doi":"10.1109/PowerAfrica.2019.8928847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PowerAfrica.2019.8928847","url":null,"abstract":"This work developed a Web service based Information Exchange Platform (WIEP) for effective business operations among generation, transmission and distribution utilities in the Nigerian deregulated electricity market. Object-oriented methodology and multi-tenant architecture were used to design and implement the components (GUI, database and messaging server) of the WIEP. While the GUI was implemented using various object attributes, the database, messaging server and application logic that connected the components were implemented using SQL, SOAP and C# programming language respectively. The developed system was tested on shared and dedicated servers to examine its performance (response time and throughput). The GUI, database and messaging server were functional when tested. The platform’s response time gave linear trend on shared and dedicated servers respectively whereas the throughput produced linear and near-exponential trends respectively on shared and dedicated servers. The developed platform if adopted will improve electric power management in Nigeria when deregulation is fully operational.","PeriodicalId":308661,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131809195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-01DOI: 10.1109/PowerAfrica.2019.8928857
S. Govender, K. Folly
In this paper, two methods for short-term load forecasting are compared; namely, artificial neural networks (ANNs) and multiple linear regression (MLR). Only input features that had a very large correlation with the load were used. Historic load data are shown to have the strongest correlation with the current load data than other weather variables such as temperature and humidity. Simulation results show that the MLR give better results for the seasonal forecasts, whereas the ANN showed an overall lower mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) for the daily forecasts.
{"title":"Short-Term Load Forecasting using Artificial Neural Networks and Multiple Linear Regression","authors":"S. Govender, K. Folly","doi":"10.1109/PowerAfrica.2019.8928857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PowerAfrica.2019.8928857","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, two methods for short-term load forecasting are compared; namely, artificial neural networks (ANNs) and multiple linear regression (MLR). Only input features that had a very large correlation with the load were used. Historic load data are shown to have the strongest correlation with the current load data than other weather variables such as temperature and humidity. Simulation results show that the MLR give better results for the seasonal forecasts, whereas the ANN showed an overall lower mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) for the daily forecasts.","PeriodicalId":308661,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131029265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-01DOI: 10.1109/PowerAfrica.2019.8928767
O. J. Ayamolowo, E. Buraimoh, Ayodeji Olalekan Salau, J. Dada
Electric power system in Nigeria has undergone a lot of transformation both in its physical structure and organization. From a small generating station, it has metamorphosed into its present form of 16 generating stations, a transmission company and 11 distributed companies. Considering its present state and the need to harness the abundant renewable energy resources in the country, it is envisioned that the transformation will continue into the future. The aim of this paper is to X-ray the evolution of the electric power supply system in Nigeria, and to project into the future the necessary changes needed to meet the ever increasing load demand of Nigerians. The survey revealed that with the right policies in place private sector participation will be encouraged, leading to the rapid development of the Power Sector.
{"title":"Nigeria Electricity Power Supply System: The Past, Present and the Future","authors":"O. J. Ayamolowo, E. Buraimoh, Ayodeji Olalekan Salau, J. Dada","doi":"10.1109/PowerAfrica.2019.8928767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PowerAfrica.2019.8928767","url":null,"abstract":"Electric power system in Nigeria has undergone a lot of transformation both in its physical structure and organization. From a small generating station, it has metamorphosed into its present form of 16 generating stations, a transmission company and 11 distributed companies. Considering its present state and the need to harness the abundant renewable energy resources in the country, it is envisioned that the transformation will continue into the future. The aim of this paper is to X-ray the evolution of the electric power supply system in Nigeria, and to project into the future the necessary changes needed to meet the ever increasing load demand of Nigerians. The survey revealed that with the right policies in place private sector participation will be encouraged, leading to the rapid development of the Power Sector.","PeriodicalId":308661,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115542470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-01DOI: 10.1109/PowerAfrica.2019.8928862
V. Zogbochi, P. Chetangny, S. Houndedako, A. Vianou, D. Chamagne, G. Barbier
This work designs and simulate a system based on free-piston Stirling engine and a brushless doubly fed induction generator to adapt it to local electrical energy production by using cotton waste. The thermal model of the Stirling machine is based on the polytropic expansion / compression process of the working gas to include a number of parameters and to facilitate numerical simulation. A special emphasis was made on the thermal model of the generator to evaluate the impact of heat on the hot part of the block on its performance. The heat source is a synthesis gas obtained from the processing of cotton residues with a gasification rate of 70%.Experimental and simulation results have shown that this machine consuming 0.7 ton of gas i.e. 1 ton of cotton waste is capable of producing a maximum power of 1.5 kW.
{"title":"Electric Energy Production from Cotton Residues Using Stirling Engine","authors":"V. Zogbochi, P. Chetangny, S. Houndedako, A. Vianou, D. Chamagne, G. Barbier","doi":"10.1109/PowerAfrica.2019.8928862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PowerAfrica.2019.8928862","url":null,"abstract":"This work designs and simulate a system based on free-piston Stirling engine and a brushless doubly fed induction generator to adapt it to local electrical energy production by using cotton waste. The thermal model of the Stirling machine is based on the polytropic expansion / compression process of the working gas to include a number of parameters and to facilitate numerical simulation. A special emphasis was made on the thermal model of the generator to evaluate the impact of heat on the hot part of the block on its performance. The heat source is a synthesis gas obtained from the processing of cotton residues with a gasification rate of 70%.Experimental and simulation results have shown that this machine consuming 0.7 ton of gas i.e. 1 ton of cotton waste is capable of producing a maximum power of 1.5 kW.","PeriodicalId":308661,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124405151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-01DOI: 10.1109/PowerAfrica.2019.8928658
A. S. Abubakar, A. Olaniyan, Abdulwahab Ibrahim, S. H. Sulaiman
The progress in technology to integrate renewable energy sources to the grid and the concern for the environment has led to the proliferation of power electronic based distributed generation (PEB-DG) in the distribution system. The presence of PEB-DG in the distribution system offers numerous benefits such as the reduction in power loss, improvement of voltage profile and power quality. However, the increased penetration of PEB-DG may result in increased harmonics content which could exceed the IEEE 519-2014 standard for harmonic limits. This work presents an improved analytical algorithm for optimal sizing and placement of PEB-DG on the standard IEEE 69 with background harmonics. The active power loss in the network before the PEB- DG allocation was 244kW. The application of the proposed method obtained an optimal PEB-DG size of 1387 kW at bus 61 of the network. Therefore, the active power loss was reduced to 103 kW indicating a 57.8% reduction. There was also significant improvement in the bus voltage profile and the total harmonic voltage distortion of the network was within the acceptable limit.
{"title":"An Improved Analytical Method For Optimal Sizing And Placement Of Power Electronic Based Distributed Generation Considering Harmonic Limits","authors":"A. S. Abubakar, A. Olaniyan, Abdulwahab Ibrahim, S. H. Sulaiman","doi":"10.1109/PowerAfrica.2019.8928658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PowerAfrica.2019.8928658","url":null,"abstract":"The progress in technology to integrate renewable energy sources to the grid and the concern for the environment has led to the proliferation of power electronic based distributed generation (PEB-DG) in the distribution system. The presence of PEB-DG in the distribution system offers numerous benefits such as the reduction in power loss, improvement of voltage profile and power quality. However, the increased penetration of PEB-DG may result in increased harmonics content which could exceed the IEEE 519-2014 standard for harmonic limits. This work presents an improved analytical algorithm for optimal sizing and placement of PEB-DG on the standard IEEE 69 with background harmonics. The active power loss in the network before the PEB- DG allocation was 244kW. The application of the proposed method obtained an optimal PEB-DG size of 1387 kW at bus 61 of the network. Therefore, the active power loss was reduced to 103 kW indicating a 57.8% reduction. There was also significant improvement in the bus voltage profile and the total harmonic voltage distortion of the network was within the acceptable limit.","PeriodicalId":308661,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114538156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-01DOI: 10.1109/PowerAfrica.2019.8928910
Chetangny Patrice Koffi, H. Sossou, Dognon Bénédicte, Oloulade Arouna, Aredjodoun Gbadebo Jacques, Chamagne Didier, Barbier Gérald, Zogbochi Victor, Vianou Antoine
The power sector in Benin faces many problems, mainly power instability, low domestic power generation and emission of Carbone dioxide because of the use of fossil energy. The use of renewable energies, including biomass is a possible solution given the availability of this one. We design and built a downdraft gasifier suitable for gasifying the cotton biomass. The gas produced is burned in an internal combustion engine to produce electricity. The electrical network stability is ensure by choosing a very convenient node using Voltage Sensitivity Index method. The produced energy is injected in the network to enhance the capacity of the network and guarantee its optimal function. We made an experiment for a region in Benin and the results show the gasification efficiency of about 85% against gas to electric power efficiency of 35%. The network performances have been increase for 30 % after the suitable node have been chosen.
{"title":"Electrical Network Stability and Performances Improvement Using Biomass Energy: Case of Kalale in Benin","authors":"Chetangny Patrice Koffi, H. Sossou, Dognon Bénédicte, Oloulade Arouna, Aredjodoun Gbadebo Jacques, Chamagne Didier, Barbier Gérald, Zogbochi Victor, Vianou Antoine","doi":"10.1109/PowerAfrica.2019.8928910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PowerAfrica.2019.8928910","url":null,"abstract":"The power sector in Benin faces many problems, mainly power instability, low domestic power generation and emission of Carbone dioxide because of the use of fossil energy. The use of renewable energies, including biomass is a possible solution given the availability of this one. We design and built a downdraft gasifier suitable for gasifying the cotton biomass. The gas produced is burned in an internal combustion engine to produce electricity. The electrical network stability is ensure by choosing a very convenient node using Voltage Sensitivity Index method. The produced energy is injected in the network to enhance the capacity of the network and guarantee its optimal function. We made an experiment for a region in Benin and the results show the gasification efficiency of about 85% against gas to electric power efficiency of 35%. The network performances have been increase for 30 % after the suitable node have been chosen.","PeriodicalId":308661,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115081614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-01DOI: 10.1109/PowerAfrica.2019.8928638
Moyinoluwa Abidemi Bode, A. Thompson, Boniface Kayode Alese, Lafe Olurinde
The level of Small Hydro Power (SHP) development in Nigeria is spreading over many river basins and also various unexploited SHP sites discovered which can contribute to the power generation of the nation. These SHP potential sites can be estimated to a capacity of over 3000MW if utilized. Hydrological data are analysed from some rivers to know their potential on what they can generate to provide the rural populace for industrialization, employment generation and development. Hence, an estimate of power generation is done via Long Short-Term Memory predictive model using Python, Keras framework, and Tensor Flow backend as tools.
{"title":"Predictive model of power generation using Long Short Term Memory on hydrological data","authors":"Moyinoluwa Abidemi Bode, A. Thompson, Boniface Kayode Alese, Lafe Olurinde","doi":"10.1109/PowerAfrica.2019.8928638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PowerAfrica.2019.8928638","url":null,"abstract":"The level of Small Hydro Power (SHP) development in Nigeria is spreading over many river basins and also various unexploited SHP sites discovered which can contribute to the power generation of the nation. These SHP potential sites can be estimated to a capacity of over 3000MW if utilized. Hydrological data are analysed from some rivers to know their potential on what they can generate to provide the rural populace for industrialization, employment generation and development. Hence, an estimate of power generation is done via Long Short-Term Memory predictive model using Python, Keras framework, and Tensor Flow backend as tools.","PeriodicalId":308661,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125780419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-01DOI: 10.1109/PowerAfrica.2019.8928863
Yekini Suberu Mohanned, A. Maruf, Sadiq Thomas, Gokhan Koyunlu, U. Usman, Steve A. Adeshina
- Emerging electricity market requires that electric power is delivered in reliable and secured manner to customers. This desire strongly improved the objective for integrating energy storage systems (ESS) into isolated distributed energy system for electrification of off-grid localities. Intermittencies associated with renewable power output present some challenging techno-economic problems. Conditional changes in energy consumption from time to time is one of the key factors that determine energy management scenario in power systems. In consequence, this paper presents a review of the synopsis of utilization of ESS for distributed power generation. It presents review concepts on the benefits and constraints of battery energy storage system (BESS), pumped hydro energy storage (PHES), compressed air energy storage system (CAESS), flywheel energy storage system (FESS) and fuel cell (FC) used for varieties of applications in distributed renewable energy generation. The framework of the study is concluded with the summary of the comparative analysis of the ESS in terms of energy storage capabilities.
{"title":"A Synopsis for Utilization of Energy Storage Systems in Distributed Power Generation","authors":"Yekini Suberu Mohanned, A. Maruf, Sadiq Thomas, Gokhan Koyunlu, U. Usman, Steve A. Adeshina","doi":"10.1109/PowerAfrica.2019.8928863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PowerAfrica.2019.8928863","url":null,"abstract":"- Emerging electricity market requires that electric power is delivered in reliable and secured manner to customers. This desire strongly improved the objective for integrating energy storage systems (ESS) into isolated distributed energy system for electrification of off-grid localities. Intermittencies associated with renewable power output present some challenging techno-economic problems. Conditional changes in energy consumption from time to time is one of the key factors that determine energy management scenario in power systems. In consequence, this paper presents a review of the synopsis of utilization of ESS for distributed power generation. It presents review concepts on the benefits and constraints of battery energy storage system (BESS), pumped hydro energy storage (PHES), compressed air energy storage system (CAESS), flywheel energy storage system (FESS) and fuel cell (FC) used for varieties of applications in distributed renewable energy generation. The framework of the study is concluded with the summary of the comparative analysis of the ESS in terms of energy storage capabilities.","PeriodicalId":308661,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127513320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-01DOI: 10.1109/PowerAfrica.2019.8928711
R. Chidzonga, B. Nleya
This article looks at optimizing cost of electricity for a small residential microgrid. Each household has renewable generation capability and daily load is portioned into essential and schedulable loads. Dual tariffs exist, for buying and the other for in-feed into the grid. The optimization consist of scheduling decisions for suitable loads as well amount of power to sell or procure from the utility depending on availability and prevailing pricing. Assuming availability of time-variant energy parameters, a global optimization problem is formulated whose solutions leads to quantification of the optimal quantity of energy purchased and sold for each of the households. When the unrealistic assumption of availability of information is removed from the implementation of the global optimization, an online algorithm that only requires the current values of the time varying supply and demand processes shows by simulation that the distributed algorithm can realise credible scheduling of prosumer household electricity usage.
{"title":"Energy Optimization for a Smart Home with Renewable Generation","authors":"R. Chidzonga, B. Nleya","doi":"10.1109/PowerAfrica.2019.8928711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PowerAfrica.2019.8928711","url":null,"abstract":"This article looks at optimizing cost of electricity for a small residential microgrid. Each household has renewable generation capability and daily load is portioned into essential and schedulable loads. Dual tariffs exist, for buying and the other for in-feed into the grid. The optimization consist of scheduling decisions for suitable loads as well amount of power to sell or procure from the utility depending on availability and prevailing pricing. Assuming availability of time-variant energy parameters, a global optimization problem is formulated whose solutions leads to quantification of the optimal quantity of energy purchased and sold for each of the households. When the unrealistic assumption of availability of information is removed from the implementation of the global optimization, an online algorithm that only requires the current values of the time varying supply and demand processes shows by simulation that the distributed algorithm can realise credible scheduling of prosumer household electricity usage.","PeriodicalId":308661,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130200124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-01DOI: 10.1109/PowerAfrica.2019.8928865
O. Babayomi, T. Okharedia
In this paper, the challenges that slow down the proliferation of much needed renewable microgrids in remote underserved locations in East, West and Southern Africa have been identified. These problems can be grouped as Community/Commercial ownership issues, Economic challenges, Environmental challenges, Technical failures and Policy somersaults (CETEP). Solutions to these problems have also been proffered using successful models within and outside Africa. If these can be adopted by the different governments seeking to grow the renewable energy penetration in their rural electrification goals, Sub-Saharan Africa's rural power schemes will be more sustainable and lasting.
{"title":"Challenges to Sub-Saharan Africa's Renewable Microgrid Expansion - A CETEP Solution Model","authors":"O. Babayomi, T. Okharedia","doi":"10.1109/PowerAfrica.2019.8928865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PowerAfrica.2019.8928865","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the challenges that slow down the proliferation of much needed renewable microgrids in remote underserved locations in East, West and Southern Africa have been identified. These problems can be grouped as Community/Commercial ownership issues, Economic challenges, Environmental challenges, Technical failures and Policy somersaults (CETEP). Solutions to these problems have also been proffered using successful models within and outside Africa. If these can be adopted by the different governments seeking to grow the renewable energy penetration in their rural electrification goals, Sub-Saharan Africa's rural power schemes will be more sustainable and lasting.","PeriodicalId":308661,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121577908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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