Pub Date : 2013-12-19DOI: 10.1109/ICP.2013.6687121
H. Aishah, M. Anuar, S. Aljunid, A. R. Arief
The analysis realization performance of 2-dimensional (2-D) code OCDMA system with the AND Detection technique was investigated. Two codes of 2-D has been employed in this project for OCDMA system; the 2-D M-Matrices code and 2-D Hybrid code. The performance was analyzing using Opti-Sys software. During simulation process, various parameters varied such as distance of the fiber, bit rate, and number of users. The result indicates that 2-D Hybrid code system modulated at 155 mbps has produced lower bit error rate (BER) of 8.31×10-9 at 65 km for 9 users in comparison to 2-D M-Matrices code system which can only achieve the maximum transmission distance at 25 km with BER of 1.16×10-9. It shows that the 2-D Hybrid code has better phase induced intensity noise suppression in comparison to the 2-D M-Matrices code.
{"title":"Performance evaluation of 2-D Hybrid code vs 2-D M-matrices code in SAC-OCDMA systems","authors":"H. Aishah, M. Anuar, S. Aljunid, A. R. Arief","doi":"10.1109/ICP.2013.6687121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICP.2013.6687121","url":null,"abstract":"The analysis realization performance of 2-dimensional (2-D) code OCDMA system with the AND Detection technique was investigated. Two codes of 2-D has been employed in this project for OCDMA system; the 2-D M-Matrices code and 2-D Hybrid code. The performance was analyzing using Opti-Sys software. During simulation process, various parameters varied such as distance of the fiber, bit rate, and number of users. The result indicates that 2-D Hybrid code system modulated at 155 mbps has produced lower bit error rate (BER) of 8.31×10-9 at 65 km for 9 users in comparison to 2-D M-Matrices code system which can only achieve the maximum transmission distance at 25 km with BER of 1.16×10-9. It shows that the 2-D Hybrid code has better phase induced intensity noise suppression in comparison to the 2-D M-Matrices code.","PeriodicalId":308672,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE 4th International Conference on Photonics (ICP)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117113642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-12-19DOI: 10.1109/ICP.2013.6687078
N. Mohamed, S. M. Idrus, A. .. Mohammad, S. Yaakob, N. M. Yusoff, S. Sam, N. Ahmad
A downlink remote optical local oscillator for radio over fiber (RoF-ROLO) system was successfully demonstrated experimentally at up-conversion frequency of 12.92 GHz. Up-conversion architecture was employed at the base station (BS) while the optical signal was generated at the central station (CS) using stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) technique at frequency of 10 GHz with 25 km of SBS fiber loop length. The optically generated signal was deployed as a remote local oscillator (LO) signal of a mixer at the BS. RoF-ROLO system was specifically designed to achieve the key specifications which are lower input power level, high system conversion gain as well as minimizing the dispersion effect. In this study, about -9.22 dB and -6.99 dB of the system conversion gain have been obtained through the simulation and experimental demonstration respectively at optical carrier input power of 1 dBm.
{"title":"Experimental demonstration of a downlink remote optical local oscillator for radio over fiber system","authors":"N. Mohamed, S. M. Idrus, A. .. Mohammad, S. Yaakob, N. M. Yusoff, S. Sam, N. Ahmad","doi":"10.1109/ICP.2013.6687078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICP.2013.6687078","url":null,"abstract":"A downlink remote optical local oscillator for radio over fiber (RoF-ROLO) system was successfully demonstrated experimentally at up-conversion frequency of 12.92 GHz. Up-conversion architecture was employed at the base station (BS) while the optical signal was generated at the central station (CS) using stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) technique at frequency of 10 GHz with 25 km of SBS fiber loop length. The optically generated signal was deployed as a remote local oscillator (LO) signal of a mixer at the BS. RoF-ROLO system was specifically designed to achieve the key specifications which are lower input power level, high system conversion gain as well as minimizing the dispersion effect. In this study, about -9.22 dB and -6.99 dB of the system conversion gain have been obtained through the simulation and experimental demonstration respectively at optical carrier input power of 1 dBm.","PeriodicalId":308672,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE 4th International Conference on Photonics (ICP)","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114573137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-12-19DOI: 10.1109/ICP.2013.6687089
K. Yeong, K. Yeap, Chee-Leong Lee, L. Yik
The transmission characteristics of Si-based 1D photonic crystals was investigated using transfer matrix method. As the temperature and wavelength dependence of Si refractive index induces band edge resonant modes that are temperature tunable, the average wavelength shift per Kelvin of the resonant mode with the largest group index was determined in the vicinity of the band edge. A general linear chirp structure consisting of a constant and chirp component was implemented. Using the simulated annealing algorithm, the structural parameters were optimized and it was found that the average wavelength shift per Kelvin of the band edge resonant mode can be enhanced by 28.9% with high transmission. It was also found that spatial chirping does not affect the wavelength shift. The enhancement was achieved by a uniform increase of PC layer widths. Tunable band edge resonant modes may be exploited in designing optical thermal sensing devices.
{"title":"Temperature tuning of band edge resonant modes in one-dimensional photonic crystals","authors":"K. Yeong, K. Yeap, Chee-Leong Lee, L. Yik","doi":"10.1109/ICP.2013.6687089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICP.2013.6687089","url":null,"abstract":"The transmission characteristics of Si-based 1D photonic crystals was investigated using transfer matrix method. As the temperature and wavelength dependence of Si refractive index induces band edge resonant modes that are temperature tunable, the average wavelength shift per Kelvin of the resonant mode with the largest group index was determined in the vicinity of the band edge. A general linear chirp structure consisting of a constant and chirp component was implemented. Using the simulated annealing algorithm, the structural parameters were optimized and it was found that the average wavelength shift per Kelvin of the band edge resonant mode can be enhanced by 28.9% with high transmission. It was also found that spatial chirping does not affect the wavelength shift. The enhancement was achieved by a uniform increase of PC layer widths. Tunable band edge resonant modes may be exploited in designing optical thermal sensing devices.","PeriodicalId":308672,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE 4th International Conference on Photonics (ICP)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132547552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-12-19DOI: 10.1109/ICP.2013.6687060
D. Bradley, A. Z. Aziz, A. Knapton, H. Abdul-Rashid, A. K. M. Mizanur Rahman, Y. M. Amin, R. Nor, M. J. Maah, R. Mahat
Ge-doped optical fiber has been reported to luminate following exposures to radiation sources. We report in this paper Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) of Ge-doped SiO2 fibres following prolonged exposure to beta particles, giving a dose of ~20 Gy. A shift in the wavelength of transmitted light has been observed, due to OSL from 827 ± 34 nm to 917 ± 15 nm.
{"title":"Optically Stimulated Luminescence in beta irradiated Ge-doped optical fibre","authors":"D. Bradley, A. Z. Aziz, A. Knapton, H. Abdul-Rashid, A. K. M. Mizanur Rahman, Y. M. Amin, R. Nor, M. J. Maah, R. Mahat","doi":"10.1109/ICP.2013.6687060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICP.2013.6687060","url":null,"abstract":"Ge-doped optical fiber has been reported to luminate following exposures to radiation sources. We report in this paper Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) of Ge-doped SiO2 fibres following prolonged exposure to beta particles, giving a dose of ~20 Gy. A shift in the wavelength of transmitted light has been observed, due to OSL from 827 ± 34 nm to 917 ± 15 nm.","PeriodicalId":308672,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE 4th International Conference on Photonics (ICP)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130790358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-12-19DOI: 10.1109/ICP.2013.6687091
F. Khosravi, M. Mokhtar, A. Abbas, M. Mahdi, G. Mahdiraji
In this research, performance of Three Level Code Division Multiplexing (3LCDM) technique is investigated for high-speed optical fiber communication systems. It is shown that 40 Gb/s (2×20 Gb/s) 3LCDM system perform s better than the conventional 40 Gb/s non return to zero (NRZ-OOK) in term the dispersion tolerance. At 40 Gb/s, the lower level displays a nearly analogous behaviour of positive and negative chromatic dispersions tolerance which stands about ±98 ps/nm while the upper level has chromatic dispersion tolerance of ±81 ps/nm at BER of 10-9. These values are higher than that of 40 Gb/s conventional NRZ, which is approximately ±49 ps/nm.
{"title":"Investigation of Three Level Code Division Multiplexing performance over high speed optical fiber communication system","authors":"F. Khosravi, M. Mokhtar, A. Abbas, M. Mahdi, G. Mahdiraji","doi":"10.1109/ICP.2013.6687091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICP.2013.6687091","url":null,"abstract":"In this research, performance of Three Level Code Division Multiplexing (3LCDM) technique is investigated for high-speed optical fiber communication systems. It is shown that 40 Gb/s (2×20 Gb/s) 3LCDM system perform s better than the conventional 40 Gb/s non return to zero (NRZ-OOK) in term the dispersion tolerance. At 40 Gb/s, the lower level displays a nearly analogous behaviour of positive and negative chromatic dispersions tolerance which stands about ±98 ps/nm while the upper level has chromatic dispersion tolerance of ±81 ps/nm at BER of 10-9. These values are higher than that of 40 Gb/s conventional NRZ, which is approximately ±49 ps/nm.","PeriodicalId":308672,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE 4th International Conference on Photonics (ICP)","volume":"163 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132943457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-12-19DOI: 10.1109/ICP.2013.6687131
Khadijah Ismail, P. Menon, A. Ehsan, H. Bakarman, N. Arsad, A. Bakar
Cascaded amplifiers would enhance the network functionality in the transmission of multi-wavelength signals for longer reach. In this paper, the proposed system is amplified with cascaded SOAs which individually operate in the S band and C band to support the transmission of eight CWDM channels ranging from 1471 nm to 1611 nm. The proposed amplified system produced maximum gain peak of 26 dB for the gain bandwidth of 80 nm.
{"title":"Performance evaluation of 8 channel CWDM system with cascaded SOAs","authors":"Khadijah Ismail, P. Menon, A. Ehsan, H. Bakarman, N. Arsad, A. Bakar","doi":"10.1109/ICP.2013.6687131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICP.2013.6687131","url":null,"abstract":"Cascaded amplifiers would enhance the network functionality in the transmission of multi-wavelength signals for longer reach. In this paper, the proposed system is amplified with cascaded SOAs which individually operate in the S band and C band to support the transmission of eight CWDM channels ranging from 1471 nm to 1611 nm. The proposed amplified system produced maximum gain peak of 26 dB for the gain bandwidth of 80 nm.","PeriodicalId":308672,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE 4th International Conference on Photonics (ICP)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115710454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-12-19DOI: 10.1109/ICP.2013.6687096
P. Arasu, A. Shabaneh, S. Girei, M. Yaacob, A. Noor
A graphene oxide layer deposited on top of a thin gold film of a fiber optic surface plasmon resonance sensor is investigated. Comparison is made on the sensing performance of modified sensor and a standard gold coated fiber optic surface plasmon resonance sensor. The graphene oxide coated sensor shows high sensitivity of approximately 400 nm/RIU to surrounding refractive index when tested with different liquids.
{"title":"Enhancement of fiber-SPR sensor utilizing graphene oxide","authors":"P. Arasu, A. Shabaneh, S. Girei, M. Yaacob, A. Noor","doi":"10.1109/ICP.2013.6687096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICP.2013.6687096","url":null,"abstract":"A graphene oxide layer deposited on top of a thin gold film of a fiber optic surface plasmon resonance sensor is investigated. Comparison is made on the sensing performance of modified sensor and a standard gold coated fiber optic surface plasmon resonance sensor. The graphene oxide coated sensor shows high sensitivity of approximately 400 nm/RIU to surrounding refractive index when tested with different liquids.","PeriodicalId":308672,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE 4th International Conference on Photonics (ICP)","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122105974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-12-19DOI: 10.1109/ICP.2013.6687082
Amuthachelvi Daniel, P. Arunal, S. Ganesan, D. Koteeswaran, C. Krishna, Balu David
In this pilot study, the micro Raman mapping of normal cervical tissue was carried out to understand the biomolecular alteration at different regions of the cervical tissue. The constructed Raman mapping was compared with respect to different layers of cervical tissue viz., Superficial layer, Intermediate layer, Parabasal layer, Basal layer and underlying Connective tissue through the averaged Raman spectrum at the respective sites. Raman spectra collected from the basal side of epithelium consistently showed higher DNA contributions and lower lipid contributions when compared with superficial epithelium spectra. Spectra of the underlying connective tissue exhibited a strong contribution of collagen and elastin fibrils.
{"title":"Raman mapping studies of human ectocervical tissue","authors":"Amuthachelvi Daniel, P. Arunal, S. Ganesan, D. Koteeswaran, C. Krishna, Balu David","doi":"10.1109/ICP.2013.6687082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICP.2013.6687082","url":null,"abstract":"In this pilot study, the micro Raman mapping of normal cervical tissue was carried out to understand the biomolecular alteration at different regions of the cervical tissue. The constructed Raman mapping was compared with respect to different layers of cervical tissue viz., Superficial layer, Intermediate layer, Parabasal layer, Basal layer and underlying Connective tissue through the averaged Raman spectrum at the respective sites. Raman spectra collected from the basal side of epithelium consistently showed higher DNA contributions and lower lipid contributions when compared with superficial epithelium spectra. Spectra of the underlying connective tissue exhibited a strong contribution of collagen and elastin fibrils.","PeriodicalId":308672,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE 4th International Conference on Photonics (ICP)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130071933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-12-19DOI: 10.1109/ICP.2013.6687063
R. Q. Shaddad, A. .. Mohammad, A. Al-hetar, S. A. Al-Gailani
Next generation (NG) technologies are proposed to provide high data rate, broadband multiple services, scalable bandwidth, and flexible communication for manifold wireless end-users (WEDs). The fiber-wireless (FiWi) network is a promising network for the NG technologies, since it is a powerful combination of optical backhaul and wireless front-end. The optical backhaul of the FiWi network is a tree network connecting the central office (CO) and wireless front-end. The wireless front-end consists of access points (APs) which are widespread to penetrate multiple WEDs. There are two main schemes to transmit the wireless signals in the FiWi system: (1) baseband-over-fiber (BBOF) transmission scheme, (2) radio over fiber (ROF) transmission scheme. This paper will review and discuss the concept and architecture of the FiWi system. This review is important to report the architectures, advantages, disadvantages, and the main parameters of these transmission schemes.
{"title":"Wireless signals transport schemes in fiber wireless systems","authors":"R. Q. Shaddad, A. .. Mohammad, A. Al-hetar, S. A. Al-Gailani","doi":"10.1109/ICP.2013.6687063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICP.2013.6687063","url":null,"abstract":"Next generation (NG) technologies are proposed to provide high data rate, broadband multiple services, scalable bandwidth, and flexible communication for manifold wireless end-users (WEDs). The fiber-wireless (FiWi) network is a promising network for the NG technologies, since it is a powerful combination of optical backhaul and wireless front-end. The optical backhaul of the FiWi network is a tree network connecting the central office (CO) and wireless front-end. The wireless front-end consists of access points (APs) which are widespread to penetrate multiple WEDs. There are two main schemes to transmit the wireless signals in the FiWi system: (1) baseband-over-fiber (BBOF) transmission scheme, (2) radio over fiber (ROF) transmission scheme. This paper will review and discuss the concept and architecture of the FiWi system. This review is important to report the architectures, advantages, disadvantages, and the main parameters of these transmission schemes.","PeriodicalId":308672,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE 4th International Conference on Photonics (ICP)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130539276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-12-19DOI: 10.1109/ICP.2013.6687105
P. Trinh, A. Pham, H. Pham, N. Dang
In this paper, we analyze the performance of all-optical dual-hop free-space optical communication (FSO) systems over strong atmospheric turbulence channels. In our analysis, turbulence channels are modeled by Gamma-Gamma distribution and dual-hop transmission is based on optical amplify-and-forward (OAF) technique. We formulate both exact-form and closed-form expressions for bit-error rate (BER) of M -ary pulse-position modulation (PPM) dual-hop FSO systems taking into account the effects of various noises as well as path loss and geometric spreading of optical beam. The numerical results show that strong turbulence has a severe effect on the performance of FSO systems. In addition, background noise and thermal noise at the destination are dominant compared to other terms of noise from the source and the relay. Thanks to OAF technique, the required transmitted power is reduced accordingly to the amplifier gain thus the transmission distance can be extended.
{"title":"BER analysis of all-optical AF dual-hop FSO systems over Gamma-Gamma channels","authors":"P. Trinh, A. Pham, H. Pham, N. Dang","doi":"10.1109/ICP.2013.6687105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICP.2013.6687105","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we analyze the performance of all-optical dual-hop free-space optical communication (FSO) systems over strong atmospheric turbulence channels. In our analysis, turbulence channels are modeled by Gamma-Gamma distribution and dual-hop transmission is based on optical amplify-and-forward (OAF) technique. We formulate both exact-form and closed-form expressions for bit-error rate (BER) of M -ary pulse-position modulation (PPM) dual-hop FSO systems taking into account the effects of various noises as well as path loss and geometric spreading of optical beam. The numerical results show that strong turbulence has a severe effect on the performance of FSO systems. In addition, background noise and thermal noise at the destination are dominant compared to other terms of noise from the source and the relay. Thanks to OAF technique, the required transmitted power is reduced accordingly to the amplifier gain thus the transmission distance can be extended.","PeriodicalId":308672,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE 4th International Conference on Photonics (ICP)","volume":"120 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130212254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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