Pub Date : 2020-04-06DOI: 10.1515/9783110677485-202
{"title":"Register","authors":"","doi":"10.1515/9783110677485-202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110677485-202","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":308738,"journal":{"name":"Aging between Participation and Simulation","volume":"122 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124790586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-06DOI: 10.1515/9783110677485-009
J. Hoppe, Rose-Marie Johansson-Pajala, C. Gustafsson, H. Melkas, O. Tuisku, Satu Pekkarinen, L. Hennala, K. Thommes
This chapter analyzes older people’s expectations and perceptions about welfare technology and in particular about robots in elderly care. Assistive robots may serve as a means to prolonged autonom ...
{"title":"9 Assistive robots in care: Expectations and perceptions of older people","authors":"J. Hoppe, Rose-Marie Johansson-Pajala, C. Gustafsson, H. Melkas, O. Tuisku, Satu Pekkarinen, L. Hennala, K. Thommes","doi":"10.1515/9783110677485-009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110677485-009","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter analyzes older people’s expectations and perceptions about welfare technology and in particular about robots in elderly care. Assistive robots may serve as a means to prolonged autonom ...","PeriodicalId":308738,"journal":{"name":"Aging between Participation and Simulation","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121476034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-06DOI: 10.1515/9783110677485-007
Angelika Schley, K. Balzer
In intensive care units (ICU), mechanically ventilated patients undergoing weaning from the respirator represent a highly vulnerable population. To support their early re-orientation and participation, the ACTIVATE project aims to develop and pilot a socio-technical system that facilitates the communication between these patients and the ICU health care team. Such digital health technologies (DHT) need to be assessed in terms of ethical, legal and social implications (ELSI) before they can be introduced in health care practice. In the ACTIVATE project we chose the Model for Ethical Evaluation of Socio-Technical Arrangements (MEESTAR) as guiding theoretical framework to assess relevant ELSI. Based on our intermediate findings and experiences, the objective of this article is to reflect on the applicability of MEESTAR to the assessment of ELSI of support systems targeting the acute care for critically ill patients. Following the Socratic approach, various data sources and research methods are iteratively applied for the ELSI assessment of the ACTIVATE system under development. Numerous positive implications and potential challenges, varying with the perspectives of patients and health professionals, especially nurses, were identified. Based on the preliminary findings and experiences, we expect that the implementation of the Socratic approach in combination with MEESTAR will ensure that relevant ELSI of the ACTIVATE system will be early detected and taken into account in the development and adaptation of this support system.
{"title":"7 Using MEESTAR for early evaluation of ethical, legal and social implications of a socio-technical support system for mechanically ventilated patients","authors":"Angelika Schley, K. Balzer","doi":"10.1515/9783110677485-007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110677485-007","url":null,"abstract":"In intensive care units (ICU), mechanically ventilated patients undergoing weaning from the respirator represent a highly vulnerable population. To support their early re-orientation and participation, the ACTIVATE project aims to develop and pilot a socio-technical system that facilitates the communication between these patients and the ICU health care team. Such digital health technologies (DHT) need to be assessed in terms of ethical, legal and social implications (ELSI) before they can be introduced in health care practice. In the ACTIVATE project we chose the Model for Ethical Evaluation of Socio-Technical Arrangements (MEESTAR) as guiding theoretical framework to assess relevant ELSI. Based on our intermediate findings and experiences, the objective of this article is to reflect on the applicability of MEESTAR to the assessment of ELSI of support systems targeting the acute care for critically ill patients. Following the Socratic approach, various data sources and research methods are iteratively applied for the ELSI assessment of the ACTIVATE system under development. Numerous positive implications and potential challenges, varying with the perspectives of patients and health professionals, especially nurses, were identified. Based on the preliminary findings and experiences, we expect that the implementation of the Socratic approach in combination with MEESTAR will ensure that relevant ELSI of the ACTIVATE system will be early detected and taken into account in the development and adaptation of this support system.","PeriodicalId":308738,"journal":{"name":"Aging between Participation and Simulation","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133439352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-06DOI: 10.1515/9783110677485-010
I. Loosman
The field of mobile health promises a transformation of the healthcare industry, by providing health-related information and services directly to individuals, through digital mobile devices. This presents society with new platforms for persuasive systems for healthy behavior change. Before such systems’ full potential can be utilized, however, the question of how to consent to their use needs to be addressed. In this paper, I argue that one-off all-encompassing consent moments at the start of use of persuasive mobile health services do not suffice, given the functions they present, and the context in which they are used. Persuasive mobile health services are not only data-intensive, they are also designed to influence the user’s behavior and health. Informed consent should be temporally distributed, in order to improve the quality of the user’s autonomous authorization, that this context requires.
{"title":"10 Rethinking consent in mHealth: (A) Moment to process","authors":"I. Loosman","doi":"10.1515/9783110677485-010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110677485-010","url":null,"abstract":"The field of mobile health promises a transformation of the healthcare industry, by providing health-related information and services directly to individuals, through digital mobile devices. This presents society with new platforms for persuasive systems for healthy behavior change. Before such systems’ full potential can be utilized, however, the question of how to consent to their use needs to be addressed. In this paper, I argue that one-off all-encompassing consent moments at the start of use of persuasive mobile health services do not suffice, given the functions they present, and the context in which they are used. Persuasive mobile health services are not only data-intensive, they are also designed to influence the user’s behavior and health. Informed consent should be temporally distributed, in order to improve the quality of the user’s autonomous authorization, that this context requires.","PeriodicalId":308738,"journal":{"name":"Aging between Participation and Simulation","volume":"06 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127195495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-06DOI: 10.1515/9783110677485-fm
{"title":"Frontmatter","authors":"","doi":"10.1515/9783110677485-fm","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110677485-fm","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":308738,"journal":{"name":"Aging between Participation and Simulation","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133915526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-06DOI: 10.1515/9783110677485-011
Bettina Schmietow
In this contribution the ethical impact of socially assistive technologies is analyzed against the background of digitalized healthcare and medicine in a thoroughly “data-fied” society in general. Socially assistive technologies such as smart home sensors and carebots raise ethical issues which are continuous with other technologies in this cluster (e. g. health-related apps, telemonitoring) but their application in the context of particularly vulnerable populations such as elderly persons also appears to ex-pose the limitations of established medical ethics and technology assessment tools starkly. While some specified analytic and ethical tools have already been developed, the meaning and scope of the underlying ethical criteria and reference concepts themselves is changing further. This will be illustrated by focusing in on reconcep-tualizations of (personal) autonomy such as the shift from patient autonomy to user or consumer autonomy, the vision of empowered autonomy in participatory, democratic care and medicine, and the effects of a prospective “autonomy” of the devices themselves. A broader discussion of assistive technologies along these lines may help accommodate the often precarious internal capabilities for self-determination in the elderly and/or vulnerable, and avoid neglect of important contextual and external factors to support and promote autonomy as an ethical cornerstone also in digital health.
{"title":"11 Reconfigurations of autonomy in digital health and the ethics of (socially) assistive technologies","authors":"Bettina Schmietow","doi":"10.1515/9783110677485-011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110677485-011","url":null,"abstract":"In this contribution the ethical impact of socially assistive technologies is analyzed against the background of digitalized healthcare and medicine in a thoroughly “data-fied” society in general. Socially assistive technologies such as smart home sensors and carebots raise ethical issues which are continuous with other technologies in this cluster (e. g. health-related apps, telemonitoring) but their application in the context of particularly vulnerable populations such as elderly persons also appears to ex-pose the limitations of established medical ethics and technology assessment tools starkly. While some specified analytic and ethical tools have already been developed, the meaning and scope of the underlying ethical criteria and reference concepts themselves is changing further. This will be illustrated by focusing in on reconcep-tualizations of (personal) autonomy such as the shift from patient autonomy to user or consumer autonomy, the vision of empowered autonomy in participatory, democratic care and medicine, and the effects of a prospective “autonomy” of the devices themselves. A broader discussion of assistive technologies along these lines may help accommodate the often precarious internal capabilities for self-determination in the elderly and/or vulnerable, and avoid neglect of important contextual and external factors to support and promote autonomy as an ethical cornerstone also in digital health.","PeriodicalId":308738,"journal":{"name":"Aging between Participation and Simulation","volume":"339 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131545029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-06DOI: 10.1515/9783110677485-012
Ricardo Morte, M. Toboso, M. Aparicio, T. Ausín, Aníbal Monasterio, Daniel López
Technological change has been notable in recent decades, including the field of assistive technologies aimed at promoting the autonomy of the elderly and disabled people. Personal autonomy is possible thanks to ethical-juridical protection through reciprocally recognized human rights (civil and political, economic, social and cultural, third generation). The current technological change could produce an alteration in the exercise of personal autonomy, putting at risk its normative protection, since some of these rights currently require technological mediations to be able to be carried out. Nowadays, the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) governs as the international normative framework that defines and protects the autonomy of people with disabilities, mostly elderly, and includes important references to technological developments. New assistive technologies, that can be used to record physiological variables or to monitor habitual patterns of life, are suggested as devices that promote personal autonomy. Health monitoring could impact privacy, identity, integrity, and the protection of personal data. Therefore, it is necessary to broaden the ethical reflection from the CRPD to the relevant regulations on privacy and data protection (General Data Protection Regulation [GDPR] and Draft Privacy Regulation ePrivacy) and the Data Protection Impact Assessment (DPIA) provided in Art. 35 GDPR, which is especially relevant for the realm of assistive technologies. In this contribution we show how technological change affects some aspects of personal autonomy, its normative protection, privacy, and care.
{"title":"12 Personal autonomy in elderly and disabled: How assistive technologies impact on it","authors":"Ricardo Morte, M. Toboso, M. Aparicio, T. Ausín, Aníbal Monasterio, Daniel López","doi":"10.1515/9783110677485-012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110677485-012","url":null,"abstract":"Technological change has been notable in recent decades, including the field of assistive technologies aimed at promoting the autonomy of the elderly and disabled people. Personal autonomy is possible thanks to ethical-juridical protection through reciprocally recognized human rights (civil and political, economic, social and cultural, third generation). The current technological change could produce an alteration in the exercise of personal autonomy, putting at risk its normative protection, since some of these rights currently require technological mediations to be able to be carried out. Nowadays, the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) governs as the international normative framework that defines and protects the autonomy of people with disabilities, mostly elderly, and includes important references to technological developments. New assistive technologies, that can be used to record physiological variables or to monitor habitual patterns of life, are suggested as devices that promote personal autonomy. Health monitoring could impact privacy, identity, integrity, and the protection of personal data. Therefore, it is necessary to broaden the ethical reflection from the CRPD to the relevant regulations on privacy and data protection (General Data Protection Regulation [GDPR] and Draft Privacy Regulation ePrivacy) and the Data Protection Impact Assessment (DPIA) provided in Art. 35 GDPR, which is especially relevant for the realm of assistive technologies. In this contribution we show how technological change affects some aspects of personal autonomy, its normative protection, privacy, and care.","PeriodicalId":308738,"journal":{"name":"Aging between Participation and Simulation","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131155040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-06DOI: 10.1515/9783110677485-001
Joschka Haltaufderheide, Johanna Hovemann, J. Vollmann
{"title":"1 The challenge ahead","authors":"Joschka Haltaufderheide, Johanna Hovemann, J. Vollmann","doi":"10.1515/9783110677485-001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110677485-001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":308738,"journal":{"name":"Aging between Participation and Simulation","volume":"07 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127231726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-06DOI: 10.1515/9783110677485-014
B. Lundgren
In 2017, Tom Gruber held a TED talk, in which he presented a vision of improving and enhancing humanity with AI technology. Specifically, Gruber suggested that an AI-improved personal memory (APM) would benefit people by improving their “mental gain”, making us more creative, improving our “social grace”, enabling us to do “science on our own data about what makes us feel good and stay healthy”, and, for people suffering from dementia, it “could make a difference between a life of isolation and a life of dignity and connection”. In this paper, Gruber’s idea will be critically assessed. Firstly, it will be argued that most of his pro-arguments for the APM are questionable. Secondly, the APM will also be criticized for other reasons, including the risks and affects to the users’ and other’s privacy and the users’ autonomy.
{"title":"14 Against AI-improved Personal Memory","authors":"B. Lundgren","doi":"10.1515/9783110677485-014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110677485-014","url":null,"abstract":"In 2017, Tom Gruber held a TED talk, in which he presented a vision of improving and enhancing humanity with AI technology. Specifically, Gruber suggested that an AI-improved personal memory (APM) would benefit people by improving their “mental gain”, making us more creative, improving our “social grace”, enabling us to do “science on our own data about what makes us feel good and stay healthy”, and, for people suffering from dementia, it “could make a difference between a life of isolation and a life of dignity and connection”. In this paper, Gruber’s idea will be critically assessed. Firstly, it will be argued that most of his pro-arguments for the APM are questionable. Secondly, the APM will also be criticized for other reasons, including the risks and affects to the users’ and other’s privacy and the users’ autonomy.","PeriodicalId":308738,"journal":{"name":"Aging between Participation and Simulation","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117154696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-06DOI: 10.1515/9783110677485-203
Reiko Hayashi, Toru Suzuki, Katsuhisa Kojma, Y. Chitose, Masataka Nakagawa
{"title":"List of authors","authors":"Reiko Hayashi, Toru Suzuki, Katsuhisa Kojma, Y. Chitose, Masataka Nakagawa","doi":"10.1515/9783110677485-203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110677485-203","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":308738,"journal":{"name":"Aging between Participation and Simulation","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132772250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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