The Linux networking subsystem provides fundamental abstraction to send and receive packets or to perform other operations. At socket layer, the user can set the socket priority used by the networking stack to prioritise the packets. The kernel sends a high priority packet before a low priority packet but the exact behaviour depends on the traffic control layer. A priority based queueing discipline uses that value of priority to enqueue the packets while a multiqueue aware queueing discipline uses a priority mapping defined by the device to enqueue the packets in its queues. The enqueue event triggers a number of consecutive dequeues based on the implemented device flow control mechanism. In case of a WiFi device, an additional layer, named the Soft MAC layer, sits in between the networking API and the hard device MAC. This layer defines the priority mapping and the device driver uses the API provided by that layer to notify the kernel about the status of their queues. In this paper, we present the introduction of the socket priority and of the multiqueue networking infrastructure in ns-3 and the design of the new flow control infrastructure. Finally, we report a preliminary evaluation of our work, consisting of a number of tests that highlight the new behaviour introduced by our models.
{"title":"Traffic Differentiation and Multiqueue Networking in ns-3","authors":"Pasquale Imputato, S. Avallone","doi":"10.1145/3067665.3067677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3067665.3067677","url":null,"abstract":"The Linux networking subsystem provides fundamental abstraction to send and receive packets or to perform other operations. At socket layer, the user can set the socket priority used by the networking stack to prioritise the packets. The kernel sends a high priority packet before a low priority packet but the exact behaviour depends on the traffic control layer. A priority based queueing discipline uses that value of priority to enqueue the packets while a multiqueue aware queueing discipline uses a priority mapping defined by the device to enqueue the packets in its queues. The enqueue event triggers a number of consecutive dequeues based on the implemented device flow control mechanism. In case of a WiFi device, an additional layer, named the Soft MAC layer, sits in between the networking API and the hard device MAC. This layer defines the priority mapping and the device driver uses the API provided by that layer to notify the kernel about the status of their queues. In this paper, we present the introduction of the socket priority and of the multiqueue networking infrastructure in ns-3 and the design of the new flow control infrastructure. Finally, we report a preliminary evaluation of our work, consisting of a number of tests that highlight the new behaviour introduced by our models.","PeriodicalId":309072,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2017 Workshop on ns-3","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130711580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ioannis Selinis, K. Katsaros, S. Vahid, R. Tafazolli
Future wireless local area networks (WLANs) are expected to serve thousands of users in diverse environments. To address the new challenges that WLANs will face, and to overcome the limitations that previous IEEE standards introduced, a new IEEE 802.11 amendment is under development. IEEE 802.11ax aims to enhance spectrum efficiency in a dense deployment; hence system throughput improves. Dynamic Sensitivity Control (DSC) and BSS Color are the main schemes under consideration in IEEE 802.11ax for improving spectrum efficiency In this paper, we evaluate DSC and BSS Color schemes when physical layer capture (PLC) is modelled. PLC refers to the case that a receiver successfully decodes the stronger frame when collision occurs. It is shown, that PLC could potentially lead to fairness issues and higher throughput in specific cases. We study PLC in a small and large scale scenario, and show that PLC could also improve fairness in specific scenarios.
{"title":"Exploiting the Capture Effect on DSC and BSS Color in Dense IEEE 802.11ax Deployments","authors":"Ioannis Selinis, K. Katsaros, S. Vahid, R. Tafazolli","doi":"10.1145/3067665.3067672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3067665.3067672","url":null,"abstract":"Future wireless local area networks (WLANs) are expected to serve thousands of users in diverse environments. To address the new challenges that WLANs will face, and to overcome the limitations that previous IEEE standards introduced, a new IEEE 802.11 amendment is under development. IEEE 802.11ax aims to enhance spectrum efficiency in a dense deployment; hence system throughput improves. Dynamic Sensitivity Control (DSC) and BSS Color are the main schemes under consideration in IEEE 802.11ax for improving spectrum efficiency In this paper, we evaluate DSC and BSS Color schemes when physical layer capture (PLC) is modelled. PLC refers to the case that a receiver successfully decodes the stronger frame when collision occurs. It is shown, that PLC could potentially lead to fairness issues and higher throughput in specific cases. We study PLC in a small and large scale scenario, and show that PLC could also improve fairness in specific scenarios.","PeriodicalId":309072,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2017 Workshop on ns-3","volume":"122 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130893635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Millimeter-wave technology is one of the main pillars of the future wireless networks. The main reason lies in the quantum leap of capacity it provides with respect to wireless networks operating in the sub 6-GHz band. Nevertheless, efficient and reliable communication in this band demands novel techniques to tackle all the associated barriers related to wireless propagation in those bands. In this paper, we present the extension of our ns-3 IEEE 802.11ad model and provide design and implementation details of the new techniques, including dynamic and static channel access schemes, decentralized clustering, beamformed link maintenance, spatial sharing, and half-duplex relay operation as defined in the IEEE 802.11ad amendment. We show how these techniques can boost and enhance wireless networking operation in the 60 GHz band. Our work is the first to implement these techniques in a networking simulator and make the implementation publicly available.
{"title":"Extending the IEEE 802.11ad Model: Scheduled Access, Spatial Reuse, Clustering, and Relaying","authors":"Hany Assasa, J. Widmer","doi":"10.1145/3067665.3067667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3067665.3067667","url":null,"abstract":"Millimeter-wave technology is one of the main pillars of the future wireless networks. The main reason lies in the quantum leap of capacity it provides with respect to wireless networks operating in the sub 6-GHz band. Nevertheless, efficient and reliable communication in this band demands novel techniques to tackle all the associated barriers related to wireless propagation in those bands. In this paper, we present the extension of our ns-3 IEEE 802.11ad model and provide design and implementation details of the new techniques, including dynamic and static channel access schemes, decentralized clustering, beamformed link maintenance, spatial sharing, and half-duplex relay operation as defined in the IEEE 802.11ad amendment. We show how these techniques can boost and enhance wireless networking operation in the 60 GHz band. Our work is the first to implement these techniques in a networking simulator and make the implementation publicly available.","PeriodicalId":309072,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2017 Workshop on ns-3","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123171985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Given the importance of TCP in transport-layer protocol studies and the numerous TCP modifications, yet the limited TCP models in ns-3, we extend the existing TCP framework in the network simulator by implementing SCPS-TP, a transport-layer protocol for space communications. The TCP backward-compatible SCPS-TP is constructed as a set of TCP enhancements through the utilization of TCP options to address the unique characteristics of space networks with error-prone, highly asymmetric, and bandwidth-constrained channels. In this paper, we present our implementation together with a set of simulations to validate our model against the original SCPS-TP paper. Through the verification, we also analyze the performance of SCPS-TP in comparison with the standard TCP.
{"title":"An Implementation and Analysis of SCPS-TP in ns-3","authors":"T. A. Nguyen, J. Sterbenz","doi":"10.1145/3067665.3067679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3067665.3067679","url":null,"abstract":"Given the importance of TCP in transport-layer protocol studies and the numerous TCP modifications, yet the limited TCP models in ns-3, we extend the existing TCP framework in the network simulator by implementing SCPS-TP, a transport-layer protocol for space communications. The TCP backward-compatible SCPS-TP is constructed as a set of TCP enhancements through the utilization of TCP options to address the unique characteristics of space networks with error-prone, highly asymmetric, and bandwidth-constrained channels. In this paper, we present our implementation together with a set of simulations to validate our model against the original SCPS-TP paper. Through the verification, we also analyze the performance of SCPS-TP in comparison with the standard TCP.","PeriodicalId":309072,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2017 Workshop on ns-3","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116661753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A common problem in mobile networking research and development is the cost related to deploying and running real-world mobile testbeds. Due to cost and operational constraints, these testbeds usually run for short time periods but generate very unique and relevant results that are hard to reproduce. We propose the use of ns-3 as a solution to successfully reproduce real-world mobile testbed experiments. This is accomplished by feeding ns-3 with real testbed traces including node positions and radio link quality only. In order to validate our approach, the network throughput between a fixed Base Station and a Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) was measured in a real-world testbed. The experimental results were compared to the network throughput achieved using the ns-3 trace-based simulation and a plain ns-3 simulation. The obtained results show the high accuracy of the trace-based simulation, thus validating our approach.
{"title":"A Trace-based ns-3 Simulation Approach for Perpetuating Real-World Experiments","authors":"Helder Fontes, Rui Campos, M. Ricardo","doi":"10.1145/3067665.3067681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3067665.3067681","url":null,"abstract":"A common problem in mobile networking research and development is the cost related to deploying and running real-world mobile testbeds. Due to cost and operational constraints, these testbeds usually run for short time periods but generate very unique and relevant results that are hard to reproduce. We propose the use of ns-3 as a solution to successfully reproduce real-world mobile testbed experiments. This is accomplished by feeding ns-3 with real testbed traces including node positions and radio link quality only. In order to validate our approach, the network throughput between a fixed Base Station and a Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) was measured in a real-world testbed. The experimental results were compared to the network throughput achieved using the ns-3 trace-based simulation and a plain ns-3 simulation. The obtained results show the high accuracy of the trace-based simulation, thus validating our approach.","PeriodicalId":309072,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2017 Workshop on ns-3","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132676898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biljana Bojović, M. D. Abrignani, M. Miozzo, L. Giupponi, N. Baldo
Carrier aggregation (CA) technology was introduced in 3GPP specification in Release 10, in 2011, as part of Long Term Evolution Advanced (LTE-A) standardization. Most of the operators recognized it as the most important technology in LTE-A since it allows to quickly turn investment in additional LTE carriers into higher data rates. This is because CA allows a quick adoption and an efficient usage of fragmented and non-contiguous spectrum. Additionally, CA is a key technology for enabling some of LTE-A Pro technologies which are proposed in Release 13 and 14, such as, aggregation with unlicensed frequencies in the downlink, known as licensed assisted access (LAA), and LAA with aggregation in the uplink, known as enhanced LAA (eLAA). In this paper we describe the CA extension of the LTE module of ns-3 network simulator that we have implemented and contributed to ns-3 community. Firstly, we describe the motivation and technology background. Then, we describe the extension from a technical perspective, highlighting the new application interface being introduced, and the modifications of prior ns-3 LTE model involving the control and data planes of both the user equipment (UE) and evolved node B (eNB) protocol stack. Finally, we provide description of example scenarios and the validation of the carrier aggregation feature providing a performance comparison of the LTE system with and without CA capability.
{"title":"Towards LTE-Advanced and LTE-A Pro Network Simulations: Implementing Carrier Aggregation in LTE Module of ns-3","authors":"Biljana Bojović, M. D. Abrignani, M. Miozzo, L. Giupponi, N. Baldo","doi":"10.1145/3067665.3067669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3067665.3067669","url":null,"abstract":"Carrier aggregation (CA) technology was introduced in 3GPP specification in Release 10, in 2011, as part of Long Term Evolution Advanced (LTE-A) standardization. Most of the operators recognized it as the most important technology in LTE-A since it allows to quickly turn investment in additional LTE carriers into higher data rates. This is because CA allows a quick adoption and an efficient usage of fragmented and non-contiguous spectrum. Additionally, CA is a key technology for enabling some of LTE-A Pro technologies which are proposed in Release 13 and 14, such as, aggregation with unlicensed frequencies in the downlink, known as licensed assisted access (LAA), and LAA with aggregation in the uplink, known as enhanced LAA (eLAA). In this paper we describe the CA extension of the LTE module of ns-3 network simulator that we have implemented and contributed to ns-3 community. Firstly, we describe the motivation and technology background. Then, we describe the extension from a technical perspective, highlighting the new application interface being introduced, and the modifications of prior ns-3 LTE model involving the control and data planes of both the user equipment (UE) and evolved node B (eNB) protocol stack. Finally, we provide description of example scenarios and the validation of the carrier aggregation feature providing a performance comparison of the LTE system with and without CA capability.","PeriodicalId":309072,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2017 Workshop on ns-3","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132589932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Excessive buffering in network devices should be avoided because it leads to a series of performance issues such as high queuing latency and variations in delay. Active Queue Management (AQM) algorithms play a vital role in monitoring and controlling the queue length in these devices. Recently there has been a significant progress in the design and development of new AQM algorithms. However, thoroughly evaluating the performance of AQM algorithms is a nontrivial task. In an effort to simplify this, the Active Queue Management and Packet Scheduling Working Group at IETF have proposed informational guidelines in RFC 7928 to test the applicability, performance and deployment complexity of AQM algorithms. This paper presents the design and implementation of an AQM evaluation framework for ns-3 which helps to quickly study the performance of AQM algorithms based on the guidelines mentioned in RFC 7928. The proposed framework automates simulation setup, topology creation, traffic generation, program execution, results collection and their graphical representation using ns-3, based on the scenarios mentioned in the RFC.
{"title":"Design and Implementation of AQM Evaluation Suite for ns-3","authors":"A. Deepak, K. Shravya, M. Tahiliani","doi":"10.1145/3067665.3067674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3067665.3067674","url":null,"abstract":"Excessive buffering in network devices should be avoided because it leads to a series of performance issues such as high queuing latency and variations in delay. Active Queue Management (AQM) algorithms play a vital role in monitoring and controlling the queue length in these devices. Recently there has been a significant progress in the design and development of new AQM algorithms. However, thoroughly evaluating the performance of AQM algorithms is a nontrivial task. In an effort to simplify this, the Active Queue Management and Packet Scheduling Working Group at IETF have proposed informational guidelines in RFC 7928 to test the applicability, performance and deployment complexity of AQM algorithms. This paper presents the design and implementation of an AQM evaluation framework for ns-3 which helps to quickly study the performance of AQM algorithms based on the guidelines mentioned in RFC 7928. The proposed framework automates simulation setup, topology creation, traffic generation, program execution, results collection and their graphical representation using ns-3, based on the scenarios mentioned in the RFC.","PeriodicalId":309072,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2017 Workshop on ns-3","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128698621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The popularity of Internet-based video services has significantly increased over the past years. The de facto standard technology for Internet-based Video on Demand is HTTP-Based Adaptive Streaming (HAS), which is also increasingly used for live services. A core component of a HAS client is the adaptation algorithm, which dynamically adjusts the video representation to the network conditions. Meanwhile, there exists a large body of work on adaptation algorithms. Unfortunately, many experimental studies lack a thorough performance evaluation. Often, the reason is the use of an unrealistic network environment, or incomparability of results with other studies, or a too narrow subset of evaluated parameter configurations. We argue that a simulative approach can help resolving these issues by requiring less efforts to set up a realistic network environment, by assisting to reproduce an experiment, and by allowing to parallelize simulations, and potentially run them faster than in real time. The contribution of the present work is a design and implementation of a simulation model for a HAS-based application, including both the client and a server side. It has a clean modularized structure allowing for an easy integration of different adaptation algorithms. The client behavior is defined by a Finite-State Machine that can easily be extended to include additional functionality. Moreover, the model provides extensive logging functionality for monitoring the Quality of Experience (QoE). We integrate three state-of-the-art algorithms into the model: FESTIVE, PANDA, and TOBASCO2. We demonstrate the usefulness of the model by running a set of experiments using a simulated indoor Wi-Fi environment.
{"title":"Simulation Framework for HTTP-Based Adaptive Streaming Applications","authors":"Harald Ott, K. Miller, A. Wolisz","doi":"10.1145/3067665.3067675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3067665.3067675","url":null,"abstract":"The popularity of Internet-based video services has significantly increased over the past years. The de facto standard technology for Internet-based Video on Demand is HTTP-Based Adaptive Streaming (HAS), which is also increasingly used for live services. A core component of a HAS client is the adaptation algorithm, which dynamically adjusts the video representation to the network conditions. Meanwhile, there exists a large body of work on adaptation algorithms. Unfortunately, many experimental studies lack a thorough performance evaluation. Often, the reason is the use of an unrealistic network environment, or incomparability of results with other studies, or a too narrow subset of evaluated parameter configurations. We argue that a simulative approach can help resolving these issues by requiring less efforts to set up a realistic network environment, by assisting to reproduce an experiment, and by allowing to parallelize simulations, and potentially run them faster than in real time. The contribution of the present work is a design and implementation of a simulation model for a HAS-based application, including both the client and a server side. It has a clean modularized structure allowing for an easy integration of different adaptation algorithms. The client behavior is defined by a Finite-State Machine that can easily be extended to include additional functionality. Moreover, the model provides extensive logging functionality for monitoring the Quality of Experience (QoE). We integrate three state-of-the-art algorithms into the model: FESTIVE, PANDA, and TOBASCO2. We demonstrate the usefulness of the model by running a set of experiments using a simulated indoor Wi-Fi environment.","PeriodicalId":309072,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2017 Workshop on ns-3","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129507100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We present a ns-3 module developed for wired 2D mesh grid sensor network systems, that resemble Network-on-Chip architectures. It has been designed to enable complex feature extraction from sensed data in realtime with distributed processing. We provide the design specifications, communication and processing delay models and a high level system model for XDense using ns-3. We validate our module by comparing its performance with a hardware implementation.
{"title":"Simulation Module and Tools for XDense Sensor Network","authors":"J. Loureiro, P. Santos, R. Rangarajan, E. Tovar","doi":"10.1145/3067665.3067680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3067665.3067680","url":null,"abstract":"We present a ns-3 module developed for wired 2D mesh grid sensor network systems, that resemble Network-on-Chip architectures. It has been designed to enable complex feature extraction from sensed data in realtime with distributed processing. We provide the design specifications, communication and processing delay models and a high level system model for XDense using ns-3. We validate our module by comparing its performance with a hardware implementation.","PeriodicalId":309072,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2017 Workshop on ns-3","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131529595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Rouil, Fernando J. Cintrón, Aziza Ben Mosbah, Samantha Gamboa
The ability to perform device-to-device (D2D) communication in Long Term Evolution (LTE)-based cellular networks became possible with the introduction of Proximity Services (ProSe) functionalities in the 3rd Generation Partnership Program (3GPP) specifications. In this paper, we provide a description of the ProSe implementation that extends the LTE model already available in ns-3. Our model contains key features defined in LTE Release 12 and further enhanced in LTE Release 13 related to synchronization, discovery, and communication. We also provide validation of each feature by comparing simulation results with analytical models developed as part of our work on D2D communication.
{"title":"Implementation and Validation of an LTE D2D Model for ns-3","authors":"R. Rouil, Fernando J. Cintrón, Aziza Ben Mosbah, Samantha Gamboa","doi":"10.1145/3067665.3067668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3067665.3067668","url":null,"abstract":"The ability to perform device-to-device (D2D) communication in Long Term Evolution (LTE)-based cellular networks became possible with the introduction of Proximity Services (ProSe) functionalities in the 3rd Generation Partnership Program (3GPP) specifications. In this paper, we provide a description of the ProSe implementation that extends the LTE model already available in ns-3. Our model contains key features defined in LTE Release 12 and further enhanced in LTE Release 13 related to synchronization, discovery, and communication. We also provide validation of each feature by comparing simulation results with analytical models developed as part of our work on D2D communication.","PeriodicalId":309072,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2017 Workshop on ns-3","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125400432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：