China has engaged in a centralized and heavy-handed form of governance to combat COVID-19, and was able to handle the outbreak relatively early by systematically mobilizing all national capabilities. There is no denying that China's quarantine governance has objectively delivered impressive results. However, in the process, individual privacy rights were violated in the name of public interest, and local government autonomy was weakened in the face of strong intervention by the central government. And despite the fact that China has received considerable acclaim from developing countries by actively conducting quarantine and vaccine diplomacy, there is a suspicion that China's diplomatic actions are more for the purpose of expanding its power to contend with the United States than humanistic aid to developing countries.
{"title":"China's Governance of COVID-19: Achievements and Limitations","authors":"Jaichul Heo","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3916569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3916569","url":null,"abstract":"China has engaged in a centralized and heavy-handed form of governance to combat COVID-19, and was able to handle the outbreak relatively early by systematically mobilizing all national capabilities. There is no denying that China's quarantine governance has objectively delivered impressive results. However, in the process, individual privacy rights were violated in the name of public interest, and local government autonomy was weakened in the face of strong intervention by the central government. And despite the fact that China has received considerable acclaim from developing countries by actively conducting quarantine and vaccine diplomacy, there is a suspicion that China's diplomatic actions are more for the purpose of expanding its power to contend with the United States than humanistic aid to developing countries.","PeriodicalId":309156,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Health Care Delivery (Topic)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114488119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Conference on Health IT and Analytics (CHITA) is an annual health information technology and analytics research summit, including a doctoral consortium that each year gathers prominent scholars from more than 40 research institutes, and leading policy and practitioner attendees in a vibrant setting to discuss opportunities and challenges in the design, implementation and management of health information technologies and advanced analytics including artificial intelligence and machine learning systems. CHITA’s goal is to deepen our understanding of strategy, policy and systems fostering health IT and analytics effective use, to stimulate new ideas with both policy and business implications, and to support the development of a health IT and healthcare advanced analytics research agenda. These Proceedings of the 11th Conference on Health IT & Analytics (CHITA 2020) represent the work of 45 papers and 146 authors working on the digitally-enabled future of healthcare.
Convened by the Center for Health Information & Decision Systems (CHIDS), support for CHITA is provided by the Robert H. Smith School of Business, the University of Michigan School of Public Health, and the U.S. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.
{"title":"Proceedings of the 11th Conference on Health IT & Analytics","authors":"Ritu Agarwal, G. Gao, K. Crowley, J. McCullough","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3850331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3850331","url":null,"abstract":"The Conference on Health IT and Analytics (CHITA) is an annual health information technology and analytics research summit, including a doctoral consortium that each year gathers prominent scholars from more than 40 research institutes, and leading policy and practitioner attendees in a vibrant setting to discuss opportunities and challenges in the design, implementation and management of health information technologies and advanced analytics including artificial intelligence and machine learning systems. CHITA’s goal is to deepen our understanding of strategy, policy and systems fostering health IT and analytics effective use, to stimulate new ideas with both policy and business implications, and to support the development of a health IT and healthcare advanced analytics research agenda. These Proceedings of the 11th Conference on Health IT & Analytics (CHITA 2020) represent the work of 45 papers and 146 authors working on the digitally-enabled future of healthcare.<br><br>Convened by the Center for Health Information & Decision Systems (CHIDS), support for CHITA is provided by the Robert H. Smith School of Business, the University of Michigan School of Public Health, and the U.S. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.","PeriodicalId":309156,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Health Care Delivery (Topic)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129619961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this multiple case study is to explore the internationalization processes, patterns, and behaviours of BioTech firms producing a COVID-19 vaccine using the Biotechnology international new ventures (BioTech INVs) model as a conceptual framework. The sample consists of eight BioTech firms producing a COVID-19 vaccine, which is approved in at least one foreign market besides the home market in March 2021. The findings suggest that the sample firms are able to identify and to scale international market opportunities early and fast using different market entry modes, networks, and access to capital with governments, civil society, and within their own industry. The findings of our study contribute to the research about BioTech INVs and the speed of internationalization. We call for further qualitative research including interviews with subject-matter experts to better understand the internationalization behaviour of BioTech firms producing a COVID-19 vaccine.
{"title":"Internationalization of COVID-19 Vaccine Using the Biotech INVs Model","authors":"Alliayah Tubman, Michael Neubert, Amit Dogra","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3860031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3860031","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this multiple case study is to explore the internationalization processes, patterns, and behaviours of BioTech firms producing a COVID-19 vaccine using the Biotechnology international new ventures (BioTech INVs) model as a conceptual framework. The sample consists of eight BioTech firms producing a COVID-19 vaccine, which is approved in at least one foreign market besides the home market in March 2021. The findings suggest that the sample firms are able to identify and to scale international market opportunities early and fast using different market entry modes, networks, and access to capital with governments, civil society, and within their own industry. The findings of our study contribute to the research about BioTech INVs and the speed of internationalization. We call for further qualitative research including interviews with subject-matter experts to better understand the internationalization behaviour of BioTech firms producing a COVID-19 vaccine.","PeriodicalId":309156,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Health Care Delivery (Topic)","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121367982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recent debates over health care reform, including in the context of the Military Health System (MHS) and Veterans Administration, highlight the dispute between public and private provision of health care services. Using novel data on childbirth claims from the MHS and drawing on the combination of plausibly exogenous patient moves and heterogeneity across bases in the availability of base hospitals, we identify the impact of receiving obstetrical care on versus off military bases. We find evidence that off-base care is associated with slightly greater resource intensity, but also notably better outcomes, suggesting marginal efficiency gains from care privatization. (JEL H51, H56, I11, I18, J13, L33)
{"title":"Public and Private Options in Practice: The Military Health System","authors":"Michael D. Frakes, J. Gruber, Timothy Justicz","doi":"10.3386/w28256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w28256","url":null,"abstract":"Recent debates over health care reform, including in the context of the Military Health System (MHS) and Veterans Administration, highlight the dispute between public and private provision of health care services. Using novel data on childbirth claims from the MHS and drawing on the combination of plausibly exogenous patient moves and heterogeneity across bases in the availability of base hospitals, we identify the impact of receiving obstetrical care on versus off military bases. We find evidence that off-base care is associated with slightly greater resource intensity, but also notably better outcomes, suggesting marginal efficiency gains from care privatization. (JEL H51, H56, I11, I18, J13, L33)","PeriodicalId":309156,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Health Care Delivery (Topic)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125241549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper shows that it is possible for intermediate goods to be priced above the value that the good has for final consumers. This happens in sectors selling to adverse selection markets where the cost difference between consumer types is dominated by their elasticity difference. High input prices then help to separate consumer types. An increase in competition can raise prices further. We use the example of pharmaceutical companies selling drugs to a health insurance market at prices exceeding value. Another feature of the model is an excessive private incentive to reduce market size, e.g. in the form of personalized medicine.
{"title":"Pricing Above Value: Selling to an Adverse Selection Market","authors":"J. Boone","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4174212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4174212","url":null,"abstract":"This paper shows that it is possible for intermediate goods to be priced above the value that the good has for final consumers. This happens in sectors selling to adverse selection markets where the cost difference between consumer types is dominated by their elasticity difference. High input prices then help to separate consumer types. An increase in competition can raise prices further. We use the example of pharmaceutical companies selling drugs to a health insurance market at prices exceeding value. Another feature of the model is an excessive private incentive to reduce market size, e.g. in the form of personalized medicine.","PeriodicalId":309156,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Health Care Delivery (Topic)","volume":"111 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132145596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We describe how Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG, or more popularly, “bypass”) operations revolutionized the treatment of coronary disease (that can produce fatal heart attacks and debilitating angina). Specifically we chronicle the: 1) development of the foundational procedures and technologies that provided a base for CABG; 2) early CABG operations performed in the 1960s; 3) rapid – and controversial growth – that occurred in the US in the 1970s and, 4) emergence and rapid diffusion of the less invasive angioplasty alternative that slowed the growth of CABG in the last two decades of the 20th century.
{"title":"Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: Case Histories of Significant Medical Advances","authors":"Amar Bhide, S. Datar, Fabio Villa","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3427408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3427408","url":null,"abstract":"We describe how Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG, or more popularly, “bypass”) operations revolutionized the treatment of coronary disease (that can produce fatal heart attacks and debilitating angina). Specifically we chronicle the: 1) development of the foundational procedures and technologies that provided a base for CABG; 2) early CABG operations performed in the 1960s; 3) rapid – and controversial growth – that occurred in the US in the 1970s and, 4) emergence and rapid diffusion of the less invasive angioplasty alternative that slowed the growth of CABG in the last two decades of the 20th century.","PeriodicalId":309156,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Health Care Delivery (Topic)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129731740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-15DOI: 10.9734/jesbs/2020/v33i730244
R. Nghargbu, C. Onyimadu, Ezechinyere Ibe
A key indicator of the SDG goal of attaining Universal Health Coverage is the access to quality essential health care services, access to safe, effective, quality, and affordable essential medicines and vaccines for all. Although The Federal Government of Nigeria has adopted the SDGs, data from UNICEF’s Multiple Cluster survey 2016 – 2017 indicates a severe disparity in health care service coverage among poor women and children who reside in rural areas. To this end, this communication advocates that the National Assembly ensures that 15% - 20% of health expenditure goes to Primary Health Care. Also, the amendment of the NHIS Act to include community based insurance schemes and employ its powers of scrutiny and oversight functions in order to reduce the dearth in Primary Health care facilities in rural areas.
{"title":"A Legislative Agenda for Reducing Existing Disparities in Maternal and Child Health Care in Nigeria","authors":"R. Nghargbu, C. Onyimadu, Ezechinyere Ibe","doi":"10.9734/jesbs/2020/v33i730244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jesbs/2020/v33i730244","url":null,"abstract":"A key indicator of the SDG goal of attaining Universal Health Coverage is the access to quality essential health care services, access to safe, effective, quality, and affordable essential medicines and vaccines for all. Although The Federal Government of Nigeria has adopted the SDGs, data from UNICEF’s Multiple Cluster survey 2016 – 2017 indicates a severe disparity in health care service coverage among poor women and children who reside in rural areas. To this end, this communication advocates that the National Assembly ensures that 15% - 20% of health expenditure goes to Primary Health Care. Also, the amendment of the NHIS Act to include community based insurance schemes and employ its powers of scrutiny and oversight functions in order to reduce the dearth in Primary Health care facilities in rural areas.","PeriodicalId":309156,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Health Care Delivery (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129755139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this note describe simple logic behind COVID-19 mass testing, which explains why any underlying policy is economically unsubstantiated The application of
{"title":"Why Mandatory Mass Testing for COVID-19 is a Poor Policy","authors":"A. Maslov","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3643408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3643408","url":null,"abstract":"In this note describe simple logic behind COVID-19 mass testing, which explains why any underlying policy is economically unsubstantiated The application of","PeriodicalId":309156,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Health Care Delivery (Topic)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128781878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-03DOI: 10.18601/16578651.n27.04
M. A. Cisneros-Cisneros, Luz Stella Pemberthy-Gallo, Margye Katerine Chaguendo-Muñoz
La educación para la salud es una expresión de gobernanza del Estado hacia las comunidades y viceversa. La salud pública y sus dinámicas en el departamento del Cauca están ancladas a la diversidad étnica, cultural y social de la región. Esta cuestión hace más complejas las intervenciones y demanda de la institucionalidad estrategias que engranen y hagan sinergia con las comunidades. El presente artículo da cuenta de una investigación que surge a partir de un vacío pragmático en la institucionalidad que no se ha podido resolver –o armonizar, si se quiere– entre las intervenciones de educación en salud y la participación de las comunidades. El ejercicio investigativo se basó en una intervención social con comunidades caucanas campesinas (El Tambo), afrodescendientes (Buenos Aires) e indígenas (Resguardo de Guambia, Silvia), desarrollada mediante un enfoque de tipo cualitativo, de carácter analítico y propositivo que describe el diseño de una guía metodológica que aporte a la gobernanza en salud pública en el territorio. La intervención tiene como elemento interesante la validación de los conocimientos institucionales, saberes, sabiduría y prácticas de los pueblos, para construir una sociedad más equitativa en transición hacia la paz territorial.
{"title":"Gestión del conocimiento: una apuesta desde la gobernanza para la educación en salud en el Cauca (Knowledge Management: A Governance Perspective Approach for Health Education in Cauca)","authors":"M. A. Cisneros-Cisneros, Luz Stella Pemberthy-Gallo, Margye Katerine Chaguendo-Muñoz","doi":"10.18601/16578651.n27.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18601/16578651.n27.04","url":null,"abstract":"La educación para la salud es una expresión de gobernanza del Estado hacia las comunidades y viceversa. La salud pública y sus dinámicas en el departamento del Cauca están ancladas a la diversidad étnica, cultural y social de la región. Esta cuestión hace más complejas las intervenciones y demanda de la institucionalidad estrategias que engranen y hagan sinergia con las comunidades. El presente artículo da cuenta de una investigación que surge a partir de un vacío pragmático en la institucionalidad que no se ha podido resolver –o armonizar, si se quiere– entre las intervenciones de educación en salud y la participación de las comunidades. El ejercicio investigativo se basó en una intervención social con comunidades caucanas campesinas (El Tambo), afrodescendientes (Buenos Aires) e indígenas (Resguardo de Guambia, Silvia), desarrollada mediante un enfoque de tipo cualitativo, de carácter analítico y propositivo que describe el diseño de una guía metodológica que aporte a la gobernanza en salud pública en el territorio. La intervención tiene como elemento interesante la validación de los conocimientos institucionales, saberes, sabiduría y prácticas de los pueblos, para construir una sociedad más equitativa en transición hacia la paz territorial.","PeriodicalId":309156,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Health Care Delivery (Topic)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126005426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Reported mental health problems have risen dramatically among US college students over time, as has treatment for these problems. We examine the effect of state-level Medicaid expansion following the 2014 implementation of the Affordable Care Act on the diagnosis of mental health conditions, psychotropic prescription drug use, and the mental health status of a national sample of college students. We find that students from disadvantaged backgrounds are more likely to report being on public insurance after 2014 in expansion states relative to non-expansion states, while more advantaged students do not see this increase. Both diagnosis of common mental health conditions and psychotropic drug use increase following expansion for disadvantaged students relative to advantaged ones, which translates into an elimination of the pre-expansion gap in these outcomes by family background in expansion states. However, in contrast to some recent work on Medicaid expansion and mental health, we do not find that these changes are associated with improvements in self-reported mental health status. We also do not find that Medicaid expansion has affected risky health behaviors or academic outcomes.
据报道，随着时间的推移，美国大学生的心理健康问题急剧增加，对这些问题的治疗也在增加。我们检验了2014年实施《平价医疗法案》(Affordable Care Act)后，州一级医疗补助扩大对精神健康状况诊断、精神处方药使用和全国大学生心理健康状况的影响。我们发现，2014年之后，相对于非扩张州，来自弱势背景的学生更有可能报告在扩张州参加公共保险，而更有利的学生则没有看到这种增长。与优势学生相比，弱势学生在扩展后常见心理健康状况的诊断和精神药物的使用都有所增加，这意味着在扩展状态中消除了扩展前家庭背景在这些结果上的差距。然而，与最近一些关于医疗补助扩大和心理健康的工作相比，我们没有发现这些变化与自我报告的心理健康状况的改善有关。我们也没有发现医疗补助计划的扩张影响了危险的健康行为或学业成绩。
{"title":"Medicaid Expansion and the Mental Health of College Students","authors":"Benjamin Cowan, Z. Hao","doi":"10.3386/w27306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w27306","url":null,"abstract":"Reported mental health problems have risen dramatically among US college students over time, as has treatment for these problems. We examine the effect of state-level Medicaid expansion following the 2014 implementation of the Affordable Care Act on the diagnosis of mental health conditions, psychotropic prescription drug use, and the mental health status of a national sample of college students. We find that students from disadvantaged backgrounds are more likely to report being on public insurance after 2014 in expansion states relative to non-expansion states, while more advantaged students do not see this increase. Both diagnosis of common mental health conditions and psychotropic drug use increase following expansion for disadvantaged students relative to advantaged ones, which translates into an elimination of the pre-expansion gap in these outcomes by family background in expansion states. However, in contrast to some recent work on Medicaid expansion and mental health, we do not find that these changes are associated with improvements in self-reported mental health status. We also do not find that Medicaid expansion has affected risky health behaviors or academic outcomes.","PeriodicalId":309156,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Health Care Delivery (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128805338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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